英语语言学词汇汇总
现代语言学术语总结
A
abbreviation缩写法
acculturation语言文化移入
acoustic phonetics声学语言学
acronym词首字母缩略词
address term称谓语
addresser发话人
addressee受话人
adjacency毗邻
Adjacency Condition毗邻条件
Adjacency Parameter毗邻参数
Affix词缀
Affixation加词缀法
Affricate塞擦音
Afroasiatic非亚语系
agreement rule一致关系规则
allophone音位变体
alveolar齿龈音
alveolus齿龈
angular gyrus角形脑回
antonymy反义现象
antonym反以词
apocope词尾音脱落
aphasia失语症
aphasic失语症患者
applied linguistics应用语言学arbitrariness任意性
argument论元
articulatory phonetics发音语音学articulatory variable发音变项
aspiration送气
assimilation同化
approximation近似化
auditory phonetics听觉语音学Austronesian…语系
B
Babbling咿呀学语
back-formation逆向构词法
back vowel后元音
Behaviorism行为主义
Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学
Bilabial双唇音
Bilingualism双语现象
Black English黑人英语
Blending混合法
Borrowing借用
bound morpheme黏着语素
brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化branching node分叉点
broad transcription宽式音标
Broca’s area布罗卡区
C
caretaker speech保姆语
case格
Case Condition格条件
case marking格标志
causative verb使役动词
central vowel中元音
cerebral cortex大脑皮层
cerebral plasticity大脑弹性
channel渠道
classical language古典语言
clipping略写法
closed class word封闭类词
code代码
code-switching代码切换
cognate同源词
co-hyponyms并列下义词
coinage创新词
color word色彩词
combinational rule组合规则commissives承诺类communicative competence交际能力comparative reconstruction比较重建法competence语言能力
complement补语
complement construction补足语complementarity互补性反义现象complementary distribution互补分布complex sentence复合句componential analysis成分分析法components of meaning意义成分compound word复合词compounding复合法computational linguistics计算语言学
conceptualist view意念观consonant辅音
constituent成分
constituent structure成分结构constraint制约
construction结构
content word实词
context语境;上下文contextualism语境论Contrastive Analysis对比分析法conversational implicature会话含义co-operative principle合作原则coordinate sentence并列句creativity创造性
critical period关键期;临界期cultural transmission文化传播
D
declaration宣告类
deep structure深层结构
dental齿音
derivation派生法
derivational morpheme派生语素derivative派生词
descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature识别特征determiner限定词
diachronic linguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号
dialect方言
dialectal synonym方言同义词dichotic listening test两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象
diphthong复合元音Directionalilty Parameter方位参数Directives指令类
Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctive feature区别性特征
D-structure深层结构
duality of structur结构二重性e double articulation结构二重性
E
embedded clause子句
emotive meaning表情意义
entity实体
epenthesis插入音
Error Analysis错误分析法
euphemism委婉语
evaluative meaning评价意义
expressives表达类
F
factive predicate叙述性谓词
family tree谱系树
feature symbol特征标记
features of meaning意义特征
finite clause定式字句
finite verb定式动词
formalize形式化
fossilization语言僵化
framework框架
free morpheme自由语素
fricative擦音
front vowel前元音
function word虚词
functional shift功能性转换
functor element起功能作用成分
G
gender性
Generative Grammar生成语法
Generative Semantics生成语义学
genetic predispotion基因先天条件
genetic relationship亲缘关系
glide滑音
glottal喉音
glottis声门
graddabl opposites可分等级的反义词
grammaticality语法性
grammatical meaning语法意义
Great V owel Shift元音大变位
H
hard palate硬腭
head核心词
hemispheric dominance for language大脑半球的语言优势hierarchical structure层次结构
high variety高层次变体
historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical linguistics历史语言学
holophrastic sentence独词句
homography同形
homonymy同音异义；同形异义
homophony同音异义
hyponymy下义关系
hyponym下义词
I
idiolect个人语言特点
illocutionary act言外形为
inconsistency自相矛盾
Indo-European印欧语系
infinitive marker不定式标记
inflection曲折变化
inflectional morpheme曲折语素
input输入
instrumental motivation工具性学习动机
intake接受
integrativ emotivation介入性学习动机interference干扰
interlanguage语际语
internalize内在化
International Phonetic Alphabet国际音标interpersonmal communication人际交际intuition语调
L
labeled (unlabeled) tree diagram加标记树形图labial唇音
LAD语言习得机制
language acquisition语言习得
language behavior语言行为
language center语言中枢
language faculty语言机制
language family语系
language perception语言感知
language planning语言规划
language variation语言变异
larynx喉
lax vowel松元音
level层；平面
level of language语言层次
lexical category词类
lexical structure词汇结构lexicology词汇学
lexicon词汇
linear structure线性结构linguistic competence语言能力linguistic determinism语言决定论linguistic lateralization语言侧化linguistic performance语言运用linguistic relativism语言相对论linguistic repertoire全部语言变体linguistic taboo禁忌语linguistics语言学
liquid流音
loan word外来词
localization定位
locutionary act言内行为
low variety低层次变体
M
manner of articulation发音方法matrix clause主句
maxim of manner方式准则maxim of quality质量准则maxim of quantity数量准则maxim of relation关联准则meaning意义
meaningfulness有意义
meaning relation意义关系mentalism心理主义
mentalistic theory精神论message信息
metathesis语音变位
Middle English中世纪英语minimal pair最小对立对Modern English现代英语Monophthong单元音Morpheme词素
morphlogical rule形态学规则morphology形态学
mother tongue母语
Move α移动α规则movement rule移位规则
N
naming theory命名论
narrow transcription严式音标
narrowing of meaning词义缩小
nasal cavity鼻腔
nasality鼻音化
nasalize鼻音化
natural route of development自然发展轨道negator否定词
neurolinguist神经语言学家
neuron神经元
no-place predication空位述谓结构
O
object宾语
Old English古英语
one-place predication一位述谓结构optimum age最佳学习年龄
oral cavity口腔
overextension扩展过度overgeneralization概括过度
overt thought有声思维
P
palatal腭音
paralinguistic副语言学的
parameter参数
performance语言运用
performance error语言运用错误perlocutionary act言后行为
pharyngeal cavity咽腔
phone音素
phoneme音位
phonemic contrast音位对立
phonetic feature语音特征
phonetics语音学
phonological rule音位规则
phonology音位学
phrasal category词组类
phrase structure rule短语结构规则
pidgin洋泾浜语
place of articulation发音部位
plosive爆破音
polysemy多义性
postpone后移
prepose前移
postvocalic元音后的
pragmatics语用学
predicate谓语
predication述谓结构
predication analysis述谓结构分析
prefix前缀
presprictive (grammar)规定语法presupposition前提
proposition命题
prepositional content命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学
puberty青春期
Q
qualifying predication修饰性述谓结构
R
Received Pronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性
Reference所指语义
referring expression所指名词
register语域
relational opposites关系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类
response反应
retroflex卷舌音
rewrite rule重写规则
rounded vowel圆唇元音
S
SAE标准美国英语
sapir-Whorf hypothesis…假设
second language acquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分
semantic anomaly语义异体
semantic deviation语义变异
semantic broadening语义广义化semantic narrowing语义狭义化semantic shift语义演变
semantics语义学
semantic structure语义结构
semantic triangle语义三角
sense意义
sequential rule序列规则
setting背景；环境
sexist language性别歧视语
sibilant咝音
simple sentence简单句
Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系
situational dialect语域方言
sociolect社会方言
sociolinguistics社会语言学
soft palate软腭
species-specific capacity物种特有能力specifier指示语
spectrograph频谱仪
speech act言语行为
speech community言语社区
speech variety言语变体
S-structure表层结构
standard language标准语
stem词干
stimulus刺激
stop爆破音
stress重音
structural constituency结构成分性structural linguistics结构主义语言学subject主语
subordinate predication主从述谓性结构subscript下标
subvocal predication无声言语
suffix后缀
superordinate上坐标词suprasegmental feature超切分特征surface structure表层结构synchronic linguistics共时语言synonymy同义词
syntactic ambiguity句法歧义syntactic category句法类型
syntactic rule句法规则
syntax句法
T
taboo word禁忌词
target language目标语
tautology同义反复
teeth ridge齿龈隆骨
telegraphic speech电报式言语
tense and aspect时和体
tense vowel紧元音
tone音调；声调
tone language声调语言
topic话题；主题
transfer转移
Transformational-Generative Grammar转换生成语法transformational rule转换规则
tree diagram树形图
two-place predication双位述谓结构
U
unaspirated不送气
underextension扩展不足
Universal Grammar普遍语法
Utterance话语
utterance meaning话语意义
uvula小舌
V
validity有效性
variable变项
velar软腭音
velum软腭
vernacular本地话；本国语
vocal cord声带
voiced浊音化的
voiceless不带音的，清音的
voicing带音化，浊音化
vowel元音
W
Wernicke’s area韦尼克区
widening of meaning词义扩大
X
X-bar theory X标杆理论
英语语言学名词解释(2)
现代语言学 一绪论 1. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics. For example, vowels and consonants. 3 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.For example,phone,phoneme,and allophone. 4 Morphology :The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher. 5 Syntax : The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.For esample,”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,:The seal could not be found.The zoo keeper became worried.” The seal could not be found,The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 7 Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.For example, “I do” The word do means different context. 8 Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society is called sociolinguistics.For example,regional dialects,social variation in language. 9Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to workings of mind is called psycholinguistics. 二音系学 1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t. 4 Phoneme: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 5 allophone: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. 6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in complementary distribution. 7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 8 Stress: When a certain syllable of a word is stressed, it means that the syllable is prounced with great force than the other or others. 9 tones: Tones are pitch variation, which are caused by the different rates of vibration of the vocal cords. Pitch variations can distinguish meaning just like phoneme; therefore, the tone is a suprasegemental feature. 10 intonation: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language,especially in a language like English{$isbest} 三形态学 1 morphology: Morphology is a branch of grammer which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 2 inflectional morphology: Inflectional morphology studies the inflections of word-formation.
《新编简明英语语言学教程》章期末复习
Chapter one Introduction 1.1什么是语言学 1.1.1定义 语言学Linguistics Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 1.1.2The scope of linguistics语言学分支必考P2 普通语言学General Linguistics The study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics. The study of sounds, which are used in linguistic communication, is called phonetics.（语音学） The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. （音位学） The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words are called morphology. （形态学） The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax（句法学） The study of meaning in language is called semantics. （语义学） The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. （语用学） 1.1.3 Some important distinctions in linguistics 成对的概念辨析差异必考P3 （1）Prescriptive and descriptive 规定与描写 If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive, if it aims to lay down rules to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be prescriptive. Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar. Traditional grammar is prescriptive while modern linguistics is descriptive. The task of linguists is supposed to describe the language
英语语言学概论大纲(DOC)
一、课程性质及其设置目的与要求 （一）课程性质和特点 《英语语言学概论》课程是我省高等教育自学考试英语专业（本科段）的一门重要的专业理论课程，其任务是培养应考者系统地学习英语语言学的基本知识，掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论，了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用，熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物；通过该课程的学习，考生可以从不同的角度了解语言（的性质），了解语言学习和语言教学，为日后进一步学习语言学、从事语言教学实践和语言学研究打下扎实基础。本课程的特点是：专业术语多，概念多，内容抽象，所以，考生最好在学习本课程之前先学习提高语言读写能力的课程，如高级英语、泛读（三）、写作等，这样可以减少语言障碍，有利于学好语言学的理论知识。 （二）本课程的基本要求 本课程共分为本书共分四编，计十三章。第一编（一至二章）介绍了语言和语言学；第二编（三至八章）介绍了语言学的主要分支—语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学；第三编（九至十二章）为跨学科领域与应用—话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学，以及语言学理论与外语教学；第四编（十三章）介绍了现代语言学流派。通过对本书的学习，要求应考者对英语语言学有一个全面和正确的了解。具体应达到以下要求： 1、掌握语言的性质、功能，以及语言学的研究范围、语言学的分支和重要的语言学概念； 2、掌握语言系统内部语言学各分支之间的关系和各分支的重要概念和基本理论； 3、了解语言学在其它学科领域的应用； 4、熟悉现代语言学重要的流派及其代表人物。 （三）本课程与相关课程的联系 英语语言学概论是一门基础理论课程，其含盖范围很广，既涉及语言系统内部的语音学、音位学、形态学、句法学、语义学和语用学，又涉及许多交叉学科，如话语分析、社会语言学、心理语言学、应用语用学（包括语言学理论与外语教学），以及本教程未涉及的神经认知语言学、计算机语言学、人工智能与机器翻译等。语言学的进一步研究甚至会涉及到哲学、逻辑学等领域。 在自考课程中，词汇学与语言学关系最为密切，词汇学的许多概念、理论和研究方法都来源于语言学。高级英语、泛读（三）、写作、翻译等课程则是学好语言学的基础。文学与语言学并非对立的关系，这两个领域的研究方法可以互相补充、互相借鉴，日后无论从事语言学还是文学研究，这两个领域都必须同时涉猎。 二、课程内容与考核目标
英语语言学名词解释
Chapter 12 : Lan guage And Brain 1. n euroli nguistics: It is the study of relati on ship betwee n brain and Ian guage. It in eludes research into how the structure of the brain in flue nces Ian guage lear ning, how and in which parts of the brain Ian guage is stored, and how damage to the brain affects the ability to use Ian guage. 2. psycholinguistics: ____ t he study of Ian guage process in g. It is concerned with the processes of Ian guage acqisiti on, comprehe nsion and product ion. 3. brain lateralizati on: The localizatio n of cog nitive and perceptive fun cti ons in a particular hemisphere of the brain. 4. dichotic listening: A technique in which stimuli either linguistic or non-linguistic are presented through headphones to the left and right ear to determine the lateralization of cog nitive fun cti on. 5. right ear advantage: ___ The phe nomenon that the right ear shows an adva ntage for the perception of linguistic signals id known as the right ear advantage. 6. split brain studies: The experiments that investigate the effects of surgically severing the corpus callosum on cog niti on are called as split brain studies. 7. aphasia: It refers to a number of acquired Ianguage disorders due to the cerebral lesions caused by a tumor, an accide nt and so on. 8. non- flue nt aphasia: Damageto parts of the brain in front of the cen tral sulcus is called non-flue nt aphasia. 9. flue nt aphasia: Damage to parts of the left cortex beh ind the cen tral sulcus results in a type of aphasia called flue nt aphasia. 10. Acquired dyslexia: Damage in and around the an gular gyrus of the parietal lobe ofte n causes the impairment of reading and writing ability, which is referred to as acquired dyslexia. 11. phono logical dyslexia: ___ it is a type of acquired dyslexia in which the patie nt seems to have lost the ability to use spelli ng-to-so und rules. 12. surface dyslexia: it is a type of acquired dyslexia in which the patie nt seems un able to recog nize words as whole but must process all words through a set of spell in g-to-so und rules. 13. spo on erism: a slip of ton gue in which the positi on of soun ds, syllables, or words is reversed, for example, Let' s have chish and fips instend of Let' s have fish and chips. 14. prim ing: the process that before the participa nts make a decisi on whether the stri ng of letters is a word or not, they are prese nted with an activated word. 15. freque ncy effect: Subjects take less time to make judgeme nt on freque ntly used words tha n to judge less com monly used words . This phe nomenon is called freque ncy effect.
英语专业英语语言学期末复习总结.docx
英语语言学 一、名词解释 第一课 l.Synchronic 共时性：Said of an approach that studies language at a theoretical “poinL in timeA A kind of description which takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present), as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind? 2>Langue 语言：The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community? 3>Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbol used for human communication. ^Arbitrariness 任意性：One design feature of human language, which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 第二课 1.Phoneme 音位：Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning? The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 2
27037 本科自考英语语言学概论精心整理 Chapter 4 Phonology
Chapter 4 Phonology(音位学) 4.1 phonetics and phonology:语音学与音位学的区分 Both phonetics and phonology are concerned with speech.语音学和音位学都士对语音的研究。 定义区别 -Phonetics is a study of the production, perception and physical properties of speech sounds. 语音学是研究语音的生产、感知和物理性质的。 -Phonology studies how speech sounds are combined，organized，and convey meanings in particular languages.研究语音如何在在特定的语言中结合、组织和表达含义。 ---Phonology is language-specific.it is the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.音位学是特定于语言的。它的研究对象是自然语言中的声音是如何组织和使用的。 ---Phonetics is a study of speech sounds while phonology is a study of the sound syst em of a language.语音学是一个研究语音的然后音位学是研究一种语言的声音系统的学科。 4.2 Phonemes，phones and allophones 音位、音子、音位变体 Different languages have different phonological systems.不同的语言有不同的语音系统。 定义： ①Phones are the smallest identifiable phonetic unit or segment found in a stream of speech. 音子就是在连续的发音中可辨认的最小语音单位或片段。 ②Allophones are the phones which represent a phoneme in a language and cannot change word meaning by substituting any of the set for another.音位变体是指代表语言中音位的音子，即使以一个取代另一个也不改变词义。 ③Phonemes are the minimal distinctive units in the sound system of a language.音位是语言系统中最小的独特的单位。 Allophones are the realization of a particular phoneme while phones are the realizatio n of phonemes in general.音位变体是一个特定音素的认知而音子则是一般的音素。 4.3Minimal pairs 最小对立体 The phonologist is concerned with what difference are significant or technically speaki ng, distinctive. Minimal pair---a pair of words which differ from each other by one sound. Three conditions（情况）: 1）the two froms are different in meaning意义不同 2）the two forms are different in one sound segment声音片段不同 3）the different sounds occur in the same position of the two words.不同声音发生在两个单词的相同位置 Minimal set: a group of words can satisfy（满足）the three conditions . Minimal pairs help determine phonemes. 最小对立体用来定义音位。 4.4 identifying phonemes 识别音素 4.4.1 contrastive distribution，complementary distribution and free variation 对比分布，互补分布和自由变异 The distribution of a sound refers to the collective environments in which the sound concerned may appear.一个声音的分布是指其有关的声音可能出现的集体环境。 1）contrastive distribution对比分布 If two or more sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of on
英语语言学名词解释 最终版
现代语言学 1 language: language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 1 interlanguage:The type of language produced by nonnative speakers in the process of learning a second language or foreign language. 1 Linguistics : Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language 2 Phonetics : The study of sounds which are used in linguistics communication is called phonetics.For example,vowels and consonants 3 Phonology” : The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology.For example,phone,phoneme,and allophone. 4 Morphology 形态学:The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words is called morphology.For example,boy and “ish”---boyish,teach---teacher. 5 Syntax 句型: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.For esample,”John like linguistics.” 6 Semantics语义学: The study of meaning in language is called semantics. For example,:The seal could not be found.The zoo keeper became worr ied.” The seal could not be found,The king became worried.” Here the word seal means different things. 7 Pragmatics语用学: The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics.For example, “I do” The word do means different context. 二音系学 1 Phonetics: The study of sounds that are used in linguistic communication is called phonetics. 2 Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. 3 Phone: Phone can be simply defined as the speech sounds we use when speaking a language. A phone is a phonetic unit or segement. It does not necessarily distinguish meaning; some do,some don’t. 4 Phoneme音素: Phonology is concerned with the speech sounds which distinguish meaning. The basic unit in phonology is called phoneme;it is a unit that is of distinctive value. 5 allophone同位音: The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environment are called the allophones of that phoneme. 6 Complementary distribution: These two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in complementary distribution. 7 Minimal pair: When two different forms are identical in every way except for one sound segement which occurs in the same place in the stings, the two words are said to form a minimal pair. 10 intonation朗诵: When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation. Intonation plays an important role in conveying meaning in almost every language,especially in a language like English{$isbest} 三形态学 1 morphology: Morphology is a branch of grammer which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 2 inflectional morphology: Inflectional morphology studies the inflections of word-formation. 3 derivational morphology: Derivational morphology is the study of word-formation. 4 morpheme词素: Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 5 free morpheme: Free morpheme are the morphemes which are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselces or in combination with other morphemes. 6 bound morpheme: Bound morphemes are the morphemes which cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word. 7 root: A root is often seen as part of a word; it can never stand by itself although it bears clear,definite meaning; it must be
[资料]-英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
英语语言学概论精选试题学生版
《英语语言学概论》精选试题1 1. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolic C. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary 2. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language A. Symbolic B. Duality C. Productive D. Arbitrary 3. What is the most important function of language A. Interpersonal B. Phatic C. Informative D. Metalingual 4. Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday D. Anonymous 5. According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language A. competence B. parole C. performance D. langue 6. The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it" is . A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 7. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies . A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech B. the perception of sounds C. the combination of sounds D. the production of sounds 8. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in . A. the place of articulation B. the obstruction of airstream C. the position of the tongue D. the shape of the lips 9. Which is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics 10. Which studies the sound systems in a certain language A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics 11. Minimal pairs are used to . A. find the distinctive features of a language B.find the phonemes of a language C. compare two words D. find the allophones of language 12. Usually, suprasegmental features include ___ ,length and pitch. A. phoneme B. speech sounds C. syllables D. stress 13. Which is an indispensable part of a syllable A. Coda B. Onset C. Stem D. Peak 三、判断