科技英语李健版第9单元课后答案
科技英语李健版第9单元课后答案
1、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] *
A. at
B. in
C. of
D. with(正确答案)
2、78．According to a report on Daily Mail, it’s on Wednesday（）people start feeling really unhappy. [单选题] *
A. when
B. which
C. what
D. that(正确答案)
3、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] *
A. she
B. her
C. hers
D. herself(正确答案)
4、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] *
A. schedule(正确答案)
B. school
C. menu
D. subject
5、Mum is ill. I have to _______ her at home. [单选题] *
A. look after(正确答案)
B. look for
C. look out
D. look forward to
6、Let us put the matter to the vote,（）? [单选题] *
A. will you
B. can we
C. may I
D. shall we(正确答案)
7、When you have trouble, you can _______ the police. They will help you. [单选题] *
A. turn off
B. turn to(正确答案)
C. turn on
D. turn over
8、How can I _______ the nearest supermarket? [单选题] *
A. get off
B. get up
C. get to(正确答案)
D. get on
9、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *
A. himself
B. ourselves
C. myself
D. yourself(正确答案)
10、He was?very tired，so he stopped?_____ a rest. [单选题] *
A. to have(正确答案)
B. having
C. have
D. had
11、5 He wants to answer the ________ because it is an interesting one. [单选题] *
A．problem
B．question(正确答案)
C．door
D．plan
12、54．—________?—Yes, please. I'd like some beef. [单选题] *
A．What do you want
B．May I try it on
C．Can I help you(正确答案)
D．What else do you want
13、—I can’t always get good grades. What should I do?—The more ______ you are under, the worse grades you may get. So take it easy!（）[单选题] *
A. waste
B. interest
C. stress(正确答案)
D. fairness
14、______ visitors came to take photos of Hongyandong during the holiday. [单选题] *
A. Thousand
B. Thousand of
C. Thousands
D. Thousands of(正确答案)
15、—Is this ______ football, boy? —No, it is not ______.（）[单选题] *
A. yours; my
B. your; mine(正确答案)
C. your; me
D. yours; mine
16、A?pen _______ writing. [单选题] *
A. is used to
B. used to
C. is used for(正确答案)
D. used for
17、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] * A．tour(正确答案)
B．size
C．name
D．colour
18、—Would you like some milk?—Yes, just _____, please. [单选题] *
A. a little(正确答案)
B. little
C. a few
D. few
19、You can't see many _____ in a hospital. [单选题] *
A. man nurse
B. men nurses(正确答案)
C. men nurse
D. man nurses
20、The story has _______ a lot of students in our class. [单选题] *
A. attracted(正确答案)
B. attacked
C. appeared
D. argued
21、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *
A. looks; like(正确答案)
B. looks; for
C. looks; after
D. looks forwards; to
22、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *
A. How
B. How a
C. What(正确答案)
D. What a
23、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *
A. All right
B. No problem
C. It’s all right(正确答案)
D. There’s no way
24、There is not much news in today's paper,_____? [单选题] *
A. is it
B. isn't it
C.isn't there
D. is there(正确答案)
25、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *
A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)
B. the more money ; the more happy
C. the less money ; the happier
D. the less money ; the more happy
26、He was very excited to read the news _____ Mo Yan had won the Nobel Prize for literature [单选题] *
A. which
B. what
C. how
D. that(正确答案)
27、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *
A. hardly(正确答案)
B. ?really
C. clearly
D. nearly
28、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *
A. 统治
B. 满足
C. 尊重(正确答案)
D. 知道
29、29．There is a book in your left hand. What’s in your ___________ hand? [单选题] * A．the others
B．other (正确答案)
C．another
D．others
30、Is there going to ______ a football match in the stadium next month?（）[单选题] *
A. being
B. have
C. be(正确答案)
D. having
科技英语李健版第9单元课后答案
科技英语李健版第9单元课后答案 1、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] * A. at B. in C. of D. with(正确答案) 2、78．According to a report on Daily Mail, it’s on Wednesday（）people start feeling really unhappy. [单选题] * A. when B. which C. what D. that(正确答案) 3、—Who came to your office today, Ms. Brown?—Sally came in. She hurt ______ in P. E. class. （）[单选题] * A. she B. her C. hers D. herself(正确答案)
4、I’d like to know the _______ of the club. [单选题] * A. schedule(正确答案) B. school C. menu D. subject 5、Mum is ill. I have to _______ her at home. [单选题] * A. look after(正确答案) B. look for C. look out D. look forward to 6、Let us put the matter to the vote,（）? [单选题] * A. will you B. can we C. may I D. shall we(正确答案) 7、When you have trouble, you can _______ the police. They will help you. [单选题] *
科技英语翻译___课后答案
科技英语翻译 6.1 介词的一般译法 第1节翻译练习1 In general, man serves as the source of infection while animals act as such only occasionally. An industrial robot shares many attributes in common with a numerical control machine tool. 一般来说，人可作为感染源，而动物只是偶然如此。 工业用机器人与数控机床有许多共同的特性。 第1节翻译练习2 With non-changeover control both the boiler plant and the chiller plant operate to provide simultaneous heating and cooling throughout the year. The online service delivers substantially more value to our global audience of e-business professionals in the chemical, plastics and allied industries. This device can mimic photosynthesis to produce usable energy from sunlight. 采用非转换控制，锅炉设备和制冷装置都在运行，全年可同时供暖和制冷。 该网络服务主要向全球从事化学、塑料及相关工业的专业电子商务用户提供更有价值的服务。 这种装置能够模拟光合作用，利用阳光产生可用的能源。 第1节翻译练习3 The longitudinal axis of the turbine generator is perpendicular to the axis of the steam generator. In the right conditions, membranes are self-assembling. Winding of the spring induces residual stresses through bending. 汽轮发电机的纵轴与锅炉轴线垂直。 当条件适宜时，细胞膜会自行聚集。 卷绕弹簧时因为弯曲引起了残余应力。 第1节翻译练习4 If leakage occurs around output shaft, replace seal and packing. So they give off a stronger signal to sensitive radiation detectors mounted over the subject’s head.如输出轴周围漏油，应更换密封件及填料。 因而它向安装在受试者头部上方的灵敏的辐射探测器发出的信号比较强。 第1节翻译练习5 It is customary to use electromagnets rather than permanent magnets for the field. This flat screen technology eliminates curvature on the screen surface. All the charge on a conductor lies on its surface. 通常磁场用的都是电磁铁而不是永久磁铁。 这种纯平面技术可以消除屏幕表面的弯曲。 导体的全部电荷都在其表面。 6.2 介词短语的译法 第2节翻译练习1 For ease of assembly and removal of the wheels, the outer races are press-fitted in the wheel hubs. With the length much greater than its width, the coil is called solenoid. With only about half as many moving parts as a conventional engine, a Wankel is only half the size and weight, and almost completely vibrationless. 为了便于车轮安装和拆卸，把外套圈压入配合到轮毂里。 如果长度远远超过了宽度，这种线圈就称为螺线管。
科技英语课文翻译及课后答案
第一单元自动化 第二部分阅读A 自动化的含义 “自动化”已经是，而且现在仍然是，一个被大量滥用的词。但是，人们对其确切的意义以及所包括的内容，正在逐渐地有了较为正确的了解。如果不是下一个定义的话，我也许可以尝试作些解释，把自动化说成是一个概念。运用这个概念，人们通过对机器装置的性能进行充分的测量、观察和控制，从而使其以最高的效率运转。这需要对这种装置的功能有一个详细而连贯性的了解，以便需要时便能运用最佳的矫正操作。自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" )才能完全实现。我认为，确保人们对合为一体的三个组成部分对我们的社会所蕴含着的某些意义有所认识和了解，是很有必要的。 首先，我们不妨考虑工业部门之一的炼钢工业。在炼钢工业中，自动化已经开始成型。到过钢厂的人都会知道从高炉开始的各种工艺流程的一些情况，成品条钢或板钢生产出来之后，再准备送往制造工艺车间或汽车厂，这些工艺流程是相互链接的。为了使工厂中各个车间充分发挥效率，可以使用计算机来控制每个车间。在此之前，计算机工作所需要的一切资料均输入机内。就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。 钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。计算机对所有这一切都了解得很透彻，能够做出非常大量的中间判定，并且能够把全部信息立刻和不间断地提供给管理人员，以使他们做出高效管理这个工厂所需要的最后决定。由此产生的信息数据和判定要进行处理，然后转送到下一个工序。在这里，对操作的一些专门细节再次进行整理，提出最佳和最终的判定，然后对这些信息再一次进行处理并输送给下一道工序。同时，当信息数据从生产单元的一道工序输送到下一工序并完全结合成为一项新的操作时，每次变化的结果反馈到最初阶段，而且，不断地做进一步的调整，结果是整个工厂的工艺流程便能够高效率地进行下去。信息数据和计算机据此所进行的运算，也总是往上面送到称为总管理计算机的机构中去（或许我应该说，为了防止误解，总管理计算机就是对管理人员起辅助作用的计算机），帮助他们决定在例行工作中或组织机构中进行什么样的变化（如果有的话），以便更有效地管理各个部门，使之与总的经营政策协调一致。 管理人员有了计算机的辅助，如果认为运作实际上不是最佳的话，他们就能充分地集中精力做出政策判断和改变计算机的判定。如果没有自动化的话，管理人员就不得不花时间，根据非常有限的信息数据和大量的直观或经验做出一系列决定。现在有了计算机辅助，管理人员所处的地位完全不同了。在他得到信息数据，甚至于在需要信息数据以前，信息数据就已经被处理或整理完毕，已经采取了该计算机能够决定的一切行动，给予他的不是零零碎碎的资料，而是准确无误的重要资料，以便有时他可能进行，一项、二项或者三项基本选择。他还不得不在这些选择中做出他的选择。但是，他了解这些选择是什么，而且他事先知道他选择的后果，因为计算机允许他来测试这些选择。在他做出最后的决定以前，他非常可能向计算机提出一个问题：“如果我决定做这个而不是那个，后果将是什么呢？”那么，他可能从计算机给他的答案中发现，他不得不把问题交付上级讨论，以便做出最终的决策。一个受欢迎的结果将可能是使委员会会议和大会讨论更加简洁和条理清晰，更加实事求是和有效率。而且在许多情况下，完全不需要开会。 我想有人会反对说，自动化将在更大程度上使各级管理人员，与他们现在相比，成为呆在房间里的囚犯。可以这么说，因为他们需要不时地照料计算机给他们提供的信息数据，他们是寸步难离的，虽然他们感到像囚犯。这个问题的答案对我来说似乎是简单的。如果他
科技英语课后答案
词组英汉译汉（英译汉10个，汉译英5个） 第一单元第8页 1. processing speed处理速度 2. user-friendly interactive graphics用户友好的交互图形 3. product cycle产品周期 4. design specification设计规格 5. design evaluation设计评价 6. 计算机辅助设计CAD 7. 计算机辅助制造CAM 8. 计算机辅助工程.CAE 9. 设计过程design process 10. 制造过程production process 第二单元第24页 1. Amplitude Modulation [AM] 调幅 2. radio frequency射频 3. ice bath冰点槽 4.be proportional to与…成比例 5.a digital display register数字显示器 6.音频麦克风audio microphone 7.接收系统receiving system 8.传输系统transmitting system 9.开关控制on-off control 10.设置温度set the temperature 第三单元第37页 1.manual or automatic transmissions手动或自动挡 2.the interior design内部设计 https://www.360docs.net/doc/0e19477008.html,minated lithium-ion cells薄板锂离子电池 4.solar panel太阳能电池板 5.head and tail lamps头尾灯 6.概念车concept car 7.全景摄像头around view camera 8.测试平台test bed 9.电池组battery pack 10.转弯半径tuning circle 第四单元第51页 1. part program零件程序 2. punched tape 穿孔纸带 3. hydraulic actuator液压制动器 4. dimensional information三维信息 5. Computer Numerical Control计算机数控 6. 电子工业协会EIA 7. 基本长度单位basic length-unit 8. 以…的形式in the form of 9. 伺服驱动器servo actuator 10. 步进电机stepping motor 第五单元第66页 1. laser printers激光打印机 2. local area network局域网 3. nonvolatile memory永久性存储器 4. optical scanner光扫描仪 5. electronic circuitry电子电路 6. 调制解调器modulator-demodulator 7. 色带inked ribbon 8. 只读存储器read-only memory 9. 数码影碟digital versatile disc 10. 中央处理器CPU（central processing unit 只用回答cpu就行了） 第六单元第83页 1. commercial transactions 商业交易 2. electronic medium电子媒介 3. communication platforms交流平台 4. after-sale service and support售后服务和支持 5. internal processes内部流程 6. 营销工具marketing tool 7. 售前信息pre-purchase information 8. 高科技（公司的）股票high-tech stocks 9. 信息技术information technology 10. 一种全新的方法/式an entirely new way 第七单元第99页 1. technology revolution技术革命 2. voice commands语音命令 3. cellular network蜂窝网络 4. set up temporary offices建立临时办公室 5. location-based service定位服务 6. 掌上电脑personal digital assistant 7. 投影键盘projection keyboard 8. 手机迷a phone guy 9. 豪华大屏显the luxuriously large screen 10. 智能手机smart phones. 第八单元第113页 1. Giant magnetoresistive effect巨磁电阻效应 2. Semiconductor lasers and LEDs半导体激光器和发光二极管 3. National Nanotechnology Initiative（美国)国家纳米技术计划
科技英语课文翻译及答案课后答案和译文
科技英语考试题型与分值 Part I Match the words with their definition. Fill the number of the word in the bracket. (5%) 10个小题，每题0.5分。 Part II Translate English phrases to Chinese or Chinese ones to English.(30%) 30个小题，每题1分。1-20英译汉，21-30汉译英。 Part III. Translate the following sentences. (40%) 10个句子，每个句子4分。1-5英译汉，6-10汉译英。 Part IV. Reading comprehension (25%) A. Answer the following questions according to the articles in the textbook.(15%) 5个问题，每题3分。 B．Choose the best answer from the four choices given. (10%) 5个选择题，每题2分。 Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文 Part 2 Reading A I 1 F 2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.T II 1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production. 2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process． 3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis． 4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top． 5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials. III 1.d 2.e 3.b 4.j 5.i 6.c 7.f 8.h 9.g 10.a IV 1.处理速度 2.用户友好的交互图形 3. 产品周期 4. 设计规格 5. 设计评价 6.CAD 7.CAM 8.CAE 9.design process 10.production process V 1. 除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。 2. 设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。 3. 例如：尺寸缩小表示一张薄的材料由具有厚度属性的等效曲面来代表，或一个细长区域由具有截面特性的线段来表示。 4. 如图10-1所示，制造过程根据设计过程的图纸始于工艺计划，止于实际的产品。 5. 首先要导出一个分析模型，因为分析子过程适用于该模型而非设计本身。 VI. 1. Thus，to understand the role of CAD，CAM，and CAE，we need to examine the various activities and
科技英语阅读与翻译(李健)
科技英语阅读与翻译（李健） 第二章 设想一下:在一个新的产业诞生之际, 你目=睹见证了这一切! 这个产业是在前所未有的新技术基础上发展起来的, 其中包括一些实力雄厚企业销售的高度专业化商务设备, 还有越来越多的新兴公司生产的新奇玩具、为玩具藏家青睐的机巧装置, 以及其他一些奇特有趣的特殊产品。但同时, 这还是一个缺乏行业标准和平台的、尚不成规模的产业。项目复杂, 进步缓慢, 实际应用更是少之有少。事实上, 尽管对这个产业的未来充满热情和希望,但是没有人能明确地说出什么时间- 或究竟是否有可能-它能取得关键性的规模发展。但是,若真能实现发展, 那么,它很可能改变整个世界。 当然, 上述描述可算是上世纪70 年代中期计算机产业的写照, 也就在那时, 保罗·艾伦和我成立了微软公司。当时,部分大企业、政府部门和其他一些机构都在使用笨重、昂贵的主计算机进行后台运算。知名大学和大型工业实验室的研究人员正试图建造出最基本的构件, 以使信息化时代的到来成为可能。当时英特尔公司刚刚推出他们的8080 微处理器,雅达利公司正在销售一款流行电子游戏“乒乓”。而在国产计算机俱乐部里,爱好者急切地努力探索这种新技术带来的好处究竟是什么。 但当时我脑海中所萦绕的则是更具前瞻性的问题:机器人产业即将作为一项新兴的产业而崛起,其当时的发展同30 年前计算机的发展如出一辙。想想看, 目前汽车组装线上使用的制造型机器人已替代了昔日的主计算机。这个产业其他的典型产品包括可进行外科手术的机器手, 在伊拉克和阿富汗用于路边及地面排雷的侦察机器人, 以及可以进行地板吸尘的家用机器人。电子产品公司还推出了可模仿人类、或是狗、恐龙等的机器人玩具, 而玩具收藏者们正迫不及待地想要猎取一套乐高公司生产的最新机器人系列玩具。 与此同时, 世界尖端科技人员正试图解决机器人技术中最棘手的难题, 诸如视觉识别、远程操控、以及学习型机器等问题, 而且他们正在不断获得成功。在2004 年美国国防部进步科技项目大挑战赛上(DARPA) ,产生了第一辆能够在美国加利福尼亚西南的莫哈韦沙漠142 英里的崎岖赛道上自主操控行驶的机器人车, 尽管获胜者制造的车辆在只行驶了7. 4 英里后就坏掉了。但到了2005 年, 有五辆车都走完了全程, 而获胜者的车辆行驶平均速度达到了每小时19. 1英里。(在另外一个耐人寻味之间并联机器人和计算机产业中, DARPA还资助工作,从而使创建阿帕internet的前身) 。 另外, 机器人技术如今面临的挑战和三十年前我们处理的计算问题有些相似。拥有机器人技术的公司目前还有一个可以在不同的设备上运行的标准运算软件。机器人处理器和其他一些硬件设施的标准化水平是有限的, 一台机器使用的程序代码几乎不太可能在另一台机器上使用。假使有人要设计一个新的机器人, 一般来说他就必须完全从头开始。 尽管有如此多的难题, 但当我和机器人技术领域的人士谈话时- 无论是大学的研究人员还是企业家, 从业余爱好者到中学生-他们的兴奋与期待总是让我回想起当年保罗·艾伦和我看着新科技的融合并憧憬着计算机摆在千家万户的桌面上的那一天的兴奋劲头。如今, 当我看到新的技术正在相互结合的趋势时, 我便能预见到未来机器人设备将会成为我们日常生活中无处不在的一部分。我相信,诸如分布式计算、声音和视觉识别、以及无线宽带连接等等技术将为自动控制设备的升级换代打开一扇门,让计算机在实际世界中为我们服务。我们也许现在就站在一个新时代的门槛上,个人计算机将从桌面上走下来, 让我们到我们的身体去不了的地方去观看和倾听、去触摸和操控各种物体。 从科幻小说到现实 "Robot"(机器人) 一词是1912 年由捷克剧作家卡雷尔·恰佩克首先提出的,但是人类幻想制造出机器人则已有几千年了。在希腊和罗马神话里, 金属制造之神就用金子制造出了机器仆人。在公元一世纪, 亚历山大的荷龙---据称是发明第一台蒸汽机的伟大的工程师---就曾设
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Unit 1 Environment Earth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds 大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下 The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade. 有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。 The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use. 由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。 Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn. 以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。据报告分析，随着人类对食物、淡水、木材、纤维以及燃料等资源的需求日趋激增，环境发生了极大的变化，引发了诸如滥伐森林、化学污染等问题。因此，该报告的作者警告说，照此下去，本已岌岌可危的生态环境将会在21世纪的上半叶进一步恶化。 Over 1,300 governmental and private-sector contributors from 95 countries collaborated to create the landmark study. For four years they examined the plant’s many habitats and species and the systems that bind them together. The United Nations Environment
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Appendix I Reference Answers Unit 3 Network Security Part I EST Reading Reading 1 Warm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1.What is the Internet? The Internet is the world’s largest network of networks. When you want to access the resources offered by the Internet, you don’t really connect to the Internet; you connect to a network that is eventually connected to the Internet backbone, a network of extremely fast (and incredibly overloaded!) network components. This is an important point: the Internet is a network of networks -- not a network of hosts. A simple network can be constructed using the same protocols and such that the Internet uses without actually connecting it to anything else. Such a basic network is shown in Figure3. Figure 3: A Simple Local Area Network I might be al lowed to put one of my hosts on one of my employer’s networks. We have a number of networks, which are all connected together on a backbone, that is a network of our networks. Our backbone is then connected to other networks, one of which is to an Internet Service Provider (ISP) whose backbone is connected to other networks, one of which is the Internet backbone. If you have a connection ―to the Internet‖ through a local ISP, you are actually connecting your computer to one of their networks, which is connected to another, and so on. To use a service from my host, such as a web server, you would tell your web browser to connect to my host. Underlying services and protocols would send packets(small datagrams) with your query to your ISP’s network, and then a network they’re connected to, and so on, until it found a path to my employer’s backbone, and to the exact network my host is on. My host would then respond appropriately, and the same would happen in reverse: packets would traverse all of the connections until they found their way back to your computer, and you were
科技英语综合教程_课后练习答案及参考译文
Unit 1 Translation Practice II. Words and Phrases Translation A. Translate the following expressions into Chinese: 1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈 2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈 3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈 4. linear reasoning 直线推理 5. circular reasoning 循环推理 6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡 7. dominant strategy 支配性策略 8. optimal result 最优化结果 9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂 10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略 B. Translate the following expressions into English: 1. 完全博弈pure conflict 2. 竞争与合作competition and cooperation 3. 策略性相互作用strategic interdependence 4. 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma 5. 长远性损失long-run loss 6. 针锋相对策略tit-for-tat strategy 7. 混合性策略mixing one’s moves 8. (网球)斜线球或底线球hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line 9. 垄断性市场monopoly market 10. 均衡份额equilibrium shares III. Sentence Translation: A. Translate the following English sentences into Chinese: (Pay attention to the underlined part) 1. 博弈的实质是博弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的类别：连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。 2. 当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不是基于以下的假设：即博弈的每个参与者的个人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。 3. 在一些博弈的冲突中，任何条理化和计划性的行为都会被对手发现并加以利用。因此，通过采用组合性策略使对手迷惑就显的非常重要。我们在体育运动中可以发现典型的例子---比如足球比赛时特定情况下选择跑位或传球，网球比赛击球时选择斜线球或底线球。 4. 边缘政策“是一种故意使局势变的有些无法控制的策略，正是这种无法控制性可能会使另一方无法接受而选择妥协。” 5. 当博弈的一方了解其他人所不掌握的信息时，他会急于隐瞒这一信息(比如牌局中所拿到的牌)，在其他一些情况下，他还会想令人信服的公开某些信息(比如某一公司对质量的承诺)。在这两种情况下，行胜于言是博弈者遵循的基本原则。 Translation of Text A (for reference only) 搏弈论
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科技英语阅读（EST Reading）课后习题答案 (2011-12-13 18:37:16) 标签：分类： Unit 1 Mathematics Part I EST Reading 1. Who is Bertrand Russell? Bertrand Arthur William Russell (b.1872 – d.1970) was a British philosopher, logician, essayist and social critic best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), his refining of the predicate calculus introduced by (which still forms the basis of most contemporary logic), his defense of (the view that the world consists of just one type of substance that is neither exclusively mental nor exclusively physical), and his theories of and . Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy, and is regularly credited with being one of the most important logicians of the twentieth century. 2. What is Russell’s Paradox? Russell discovered the paradox that bears his name in 1901, while working on his Principles of Mathematics (1903). The paradox arises in connection with the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set, if it exists, will be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself. The paradox is significant since, using classical logic, all sentences are entailed by a contradiction. Russell's discovery thus prompted a large amount of work in logic, set theory, and the philosophy and foundations of mathematics. Section C Post-reading Task Reading Comprehension 1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea. Part 1 (Para. 1): Brief introduction to Russell’s paradox Part 2 (Paras. 2-5): The effect of Russell’s paradox on Gottlob Frege’s system. Para. 2: Russell’s paradox dealt a heavy blow to Frege’s attempts to develop a foundation for all of mathematics using symbolic logic. Para. 3: An illustration of Russell’s paradox in terms of sets Para. 4: Contradiction found in the set. Para. 5: Frege noticed the devastating effect of Russell’s paradox on his system and inability to solve it. Part 3 (Paras. 6-8): Solutions offered by mathematicians to Russel’s paradox Para. 6: Russell’s own response to the paradox with his "theory of types." Para. 7: Zermelo's solution to Russell's paradox Para. 8: What became of the effort to develop a logical foundation for all of mathematics? Part 4 (Para. 9): Correspondence between Russell and Frege on the paradox Vocabulary and Structure 2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1) The key to unraveling such apparent paradoxes is to characterize the initial set of possibilities
科技英语综合教程课后答案句子翻译整理,刘爱军,
Unitl 1.The essence of a game is the intcnkpen血眶e of pbyer straiegics. There are two ' distinct types of strategic interdeoendenc^:起口uwnti日1 iHid?iriftiltan£ous. 搏弈的实质是搏弈者采取策略之间的相互依赖性。这种策略性的相互依赖表现为两个不同的 类别：连续策略之间的相互作用以及联立策略之间的相互作用。 2.When we say that an outcome is an 旳呗闻伽* there is 何犯両tion that ■Il each person's privately best choice will 1 品LRTa colbctiwly optii远1 忆汕 当我们把博弈的结果表述为一种均衡的时候，并不是基于以下的假设：即博弈的每个参与者的个 人最佳策略将会带来共同的最优化结果。 3* In some situations of conflict, any systematic action will be discovered and exploited by the rival. Therefore, it is important to keep the rival guessing by mixing on壮's mow畀Typical examples arise in sports一whether to nm or 忙pass in 臥particular situalion in footb缸］L or whether to hit 孔passing shut cross-court or down thw line in tenni乳 在一些冲突中，任何规律性的行为都会被对手发觉并利用。因而，通过采取混合性策略来迷惑对 手就显的非常重要。我们可以从体育运动中找到一些典型的例子，比如足球运动中的特定情况下 选择跑位还是传球，网球比赛中选择击打近网球还是底线球。 4.brinkmanship *'is the tactic of deliberately letting the situation get somewhat out ornaSayiust because its being out of hand may be intolerable to the other party and foTg his 理commod航ion「" 边缘化策略就是故意使局势变的无法控制的策略，正是由于局势的无法收拾可能令其他对手难以 接受，从而迫使对手作岀妥协。 5.When one player knows something that others do not, sometimes he is anxious T to conceal this inforniiUion hand in pok亡and at other times he wants to 比忙加it credibly fa company's rommitmEnt to quality）. In both cases the general principle is that actions speak louder than words. 当博弈的一方掌握其他各方不了解的信息时，他会急于隐瞒这一信息（例如纸牌游戏中抽到的牌），其他情况下他也可能想把信息令人信服的公布岀来。这两种情况下，一个基本的原则就是行胜于言。