初中英语语法之形容词、副词
2013年实验中学初三英语复习学案
萧东来2013-04
初中英语语法之形容词、副词
形容词：
一、形容词的一般用法
1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。
例如，It’s a cold and windy day.
2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。
例如，He looks happy today.
3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。
例如，Would you like something hot to drink？
4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。
例如，How long is the river？It’s about two hundred kilometers long.
5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的
例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误)
6.只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的
例如，My elder brother is in Beijing. (正) My brother is elder. (误)
7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的
8.复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的English-speaking 说英语的；full-time 全日制的；well-known
众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away 可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。
二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词) ——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词(此项不要求掌握)
A small round table 一张小圆桌
A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物
A dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣
A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院
三、形容词常用句型
1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。
注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，good(好的)，如kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。
例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。
It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真
粗鲁。
It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。
2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。
注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。
例如It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.
(=To learn a foreign language is no t easy for them.)
对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。
It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.
(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)
对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。
It’s necessary for us to get to school on time
. (=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)
对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。
3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，glad(高兴的)，如pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，
thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。
例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。
I’m very sorry to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。
4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，
等常接不定式。
例如，He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。
四、一些形容词的用法辨析：
⑴whole 与all：记住两个词序：①the whole + 名词；②all (of) the + 名词。
如：He was busy the whole morning.( 整个早晨他都很忙)
He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)
⑵tall 与high, short 与low ：
指人的个子时用tall 与short；指其他事物时一般用high 与low。
如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮)
Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)
A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑶real 与true
real 一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”；而true 则指事情或消息的可靠性,译为“真实的”。
如：This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive.(这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵)
--Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears (那真实吗？是的,我亲耳所听)
⑷interested 与interesting 的区别：
interesting 指事物本身“有趣”,而interested 指人对……感到“有趣”，一般说来，
加-ing的形容词修饰“事物”，加-ed的形容词修饰“人”
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
boring令人厌烦的-- bored感到厌烦的
disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的
pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的
worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
embarrassing 令人尴尬的-- embarrassed 感到为难的
frustrating令人沮丧的— frustrated感到沮丧的
如：This book is interesting and you will be interested in it. (这本书很有趣,你会对它感兴趣的)
⑸such,so 用法：such + a(an) + 名词(单数)(+that 从句)
so + 形容词/副词+that 从句
I have never seen such a foolish boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩)
He is so clever that he can work out the problem .
(他这么聪明，会解出这道题)
⑹good 与well
well：表示“好”时,作状语用，放在行为动词之后
Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上)
Well 还可以表示“(身体)好”
—How are you? —I am very well. (你好吗？我很好。)
good 作定语或表语用如：
Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益)
⑺nice与fine的区别：nice 表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等,fine一般指身体或天气好。
如：Let’s go and share (分享) the nice cake. (我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧)
She is a nice girl..(他是个漂亮的姑娘)
What a fine day! (多好的天气！)
He’s fine recently(最近).(近来他身体不错)
⑻too much 与much too
too much 表示“太多的”,修饰事物数量；much too 表示“太过分”, 修饰形容词或副词。
如：I am full because I have had too much rice. 我饱了,因为我吃了太多的米饭)
That coat is much too dear .(那件大衣太贵了)
⑼quick、fast 与soon
quick 往往指反应速度快,fast 往往指动作快,而soon 则表示时间上很快即将发生。
如：After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school(匆匆地吃过早饭,他朝学校赶去)
A train is much faster than a bus. (火车比公共汽车快得多)
His father will be back soon.(他父亲很快就要返回中国)
⑽lonely 与alone
lonely 是表示心理活动的形容词,意思是：“孤独的,寂寞的”,作定语或表语；alone 的意思是：“独自的,单独的”,指无人陪伴,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone 可作状语)。
如：He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)
He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him .
(他是个孤独的人,你要和他相处好实在不易)
⑾other 与else 的区别：other 放在名词前；else 修饰不定代词、疑问词,要后置, 如：The other students are on the playground. (其他学生在操场上)
Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题？)
Do you have anything else to say for yourself? (你还有什么要为自己说的吗？
⑿sick 与ill 区别：sick 和ill 都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只做表语。
如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. (他病了很久,现在非常虚弱) Vets treat sick pets .(兽医治疗患病的宠物）
⒀the poor (穷人们) ，the rich (富人们)：“the+形容词”这一结构可以表示一类人, 复数含义。
the old 老人the young 年轻人the blind 盲人the deaf 聋子
如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我们应该尽力帮助穷人们)
副词
用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等的词叫做副词。
1、副词的分类：
时间副词today, tomorrow ，yesterday, now, then, early, late, soon, tonight,already,
地点副词here, there，home, anywhere, outside, inside,
频度副词once，twice, always ,often, usually,sometimes,
程度副词very，too, enough, quite,
方式副词well, hard, fast, carefully等-ly结尾的副词
疑问/连接副词how, where, when, why,
其他副词too, also, nor, so,等
2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：
⑴作状语：
①时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet 等一般放在句尾,already 、
just 一般放在动词的前面。
如We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城)
They have already been to the UK twice. (他们去过英王国两次) ]
②频度副词：一般放在be 动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes还可以放在句首
或句尾,once 可放在句尾,twice、three times 等一般放在句尾。
如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)
③方式副词：一般放在行为动词之后
如：We should do our homework carefully .
④地点副词一般放在句尾,
如: He ran outside .
⑤程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough 总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；
如：I nearly forgot all about it (我几乎把那事全忘了)
She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) ⑥疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。
如：When were you born?(你什么时候出生的？)
⑦连接副词：用来引导从句,在从句中作状语。
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
⑧关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。
如：This is the place where Mr Zhang lived.(这就是张先生住的地方)
⑨ [注意]“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词（it,them,him等）,则代词放在动词与副词中间。
turn it off, turn it down,wake him up,take it out ......
如：He wrote down the word.(他写下了那个词。)→He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。)
一些副词的用法辨析
1. sometimes、sometime、some times 、some time 的用法：
Sometimes (有时)用于一般现在时
sometime (在将来某时)用于将来时、
some times (数次)表示次数、
some time (一些时间)表示一段时间。
如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains. (他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)
I will stay here some time.(我会在这儿呆些时候的)
I will meet your father sometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)
2.how、what 用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含
有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what.
如：What a fine day (it is) today! (今天天气真好！)
How difficult (the problem is) !(问题)真难呀！
3. already、yet 的用法：
already 在完成时中,一般用于肯定句, yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句。
如：I have finished it already.(我已经做好了)
I have not had my breakfast yet. .(我还没有吃早饭呢。)
4. hard 与hardly 的用法：
hard 作为副词意思是：“努力地，,猛烈地”,hardly 是否定词,意思是：“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could 连用。
如：They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)
He can hardly understand it ,can he ? 他几乎听不懂,不是吗?6
5. how 的几个短语：
how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问；
how soon“多久以后”,用于将来时态；
how long“多久”,用于过去时、完成时或其他时；
how many times“多少次”,用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问；
how much “多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。
How far “多远”，对距离提问
6. no more、not...any more、no longer、not ...any longer 不再：
如：He no longer lived there. (他不再住在那里)
He didn’t smoke any more/longer. (他不再抽烟了)
7.too...to... 与so...that...,enough to do 之间的转换：
too/so 后面跟形容词或副词, to 后跟动词, enough放在形容词副词之后，that 后面跟
从句。
too + adj.+ to do sth. (“太…以致不…”) 是否定的结构, 用于简单句；
adj.+enough to do sth. (足够做...) 用于简单句
so + adj .+ that + 从句(“如此…以致…”)用于复合句。
He is too young to dress himself. 他太小，不会自己穿衣服。（太... 以致不能...）
=He is so young that he can't dress himself. 他如此小，不会自己穿衣服。（如此...以致...）=He is not old enough to dress himself. 他不够大，不会自己穿衣服了。（够...以致能...）
8 .so 与such 的区别
①so 修饰形容词或副词;such 修饰名词，
例如My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。
He is such a clever boy.他是一个这样聪明的孩子。
②so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，
其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.
such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，
其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”。
例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。
It is so cold weather.(误) It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)
They are so good students. (误) They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生。(正)
③如果可数名词复数前有many,few 或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such.
例如，so many(如此多的)；so few(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数
so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词
形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级
分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级、最高级。
一、原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词
（1）一般情况在原级词尾加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。如：high→higher→highest。（2）以e结尾的词，直接加-r 或-st。如：large→larger→largest。
（3）重读闭音节，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的词，先双写这一辅音字母再加-er或-est。如：big→bigger→biggest。
（4）以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-er 或-est。
如：happy→happier→happiest。
（5）大部分双音节词和所有多音节词在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。
如：slowly-more slowly-most slowly beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
2、不规则变化，需要特殊记忆。
good / well→better→best bad / ill→worse→worst
many / much→more→most little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表示距离) / far→further→furthest (表示程度)
old→older / elder→oldest (表示年龄) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)
二、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：
1、讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。
如They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快)
The weather looks rather bad.(天气看上去相当糟)
I am so happy!(我是如此的快乐)
表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型：as + 形容词/副词原级+ as
. 如：He is as tall as his younger sister. (他和他妹妹一样高)
表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型：not as / so + 形容词/副词原级+ as
He doesn’t runs as/so fast as his friend. 他和他朋友跑的不一样快。
2、讲述两者有差异,前者超过后者时,用比较级。
基本句型：(much/a little/even/still/a lot)+形容词副词比较级+than+……
如：He runs a lot faster than I.他跑得比我快多了。
讲述两者有差异,前者不及后者时,用比较级。
句型是：less+ (多音节形/副)比较级+ than +….
如：I think English is less difficult than maths. (我认为英语不比数学难)
几点说明
1）两者比较时用比较级，其结构为“... 比较级+ than ...”。
如：Actions speak louder than words.
2）在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时，用句型“Which / Who is +比较级, ... or ...?”。
如：Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
3）表示“两者之间更……的一个”时，用“the + 比较级”。
如：Lucy is the taller of the twins.
4）表示“越……，越……”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。
如：The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
5）表示“越来越……”时，用“比较级+ and + 比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more + 形容词原级”。如：We should make our country more and more beautiful.
6）形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰：much, a little, far, a bit, a lot, even, still, rather等。
如：It's much colder today than yesterday.
3、三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用形容词最高级形式。形容词最高级前通常需加定冠
词the，句末常接in / of短语来表示范围。
1）句型是：(the) +形容词/副词最高级+in / of ….(比较的范围)
如：He is the strongest of all the boys.
2.）表示“最……之一”时，用“one of + the + 最高级”。
如：The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.
3.）形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词the。
如：Yesterday is her happiest day in her life.
例题解析
1. I have ________ to do today .
A.anything important
B.something important
B.C.important nothing D.important something
答案B 形容词修饰复合不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、D，句意，表示肯定用something.
2 —Is chemistry more difficult than physics？
—No，chemistry isn’t as____as physics. A easy B.difficult C.easier D.more difficult
答案B(not)as…as 中应接形容词原级，结合上句“化学没有物理难”，故B 是正确的
3.Beijing is becoming_________and______.
A.more beautiful，more
B.beautiful，beautiful
C.more，more beautiful
D.more beautiful，more beautiful
答案 C 比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越…”，多音节的形容词“more and more+形容词”。
4.______ children there are in a family，_____their life will be.
A.The less，the better
B.The fewer，the better
C.Fewer，richer
D.More，poorer
答案B the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……越……”，由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好”。children 是可数名词，应用few 来修饰。
5.The experiment was ________ easier than we had expected.
A.more
B.much more
C.much
D.more much
答案C much 可修饰比较级，easier 本身已是比较级，不能再用more.
6 Oct 15th was one of ________ days in 2003.The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.
A. exciting
B.more exciting
C.the most exciting
D.much exciting
答案C 根据“one of+最高级+复数名词”固定句型应选C。
7.It’s seven o’clock in the afternoon，but they are ______ having a meeting.
A already B.still C.yet D.ever
答案 B still 意为“仍旧，仍然”，这句话的意思是：现在已经是下午七点，他们仍旧在开会。
8.Remember not to speak _______ when we are in the reading room.
A.fast
B.slowly
C.politely
D.loudly
答案D“在阅览室里不要大声说话”，副词loudly 修饰动词speak.
9.“______ has this food store been in business？”“Since 2001.”
A.How long
B.How often
C.How old
D.How soon
答案A“since+过去时间点”为“从过去的某一时间到现在”表示一段时间，故选“how long”.
10.—What was the weather like yesterday？
—It was terrible.It rained so ___ that people could _________go out.
A.hardly…hard
B.hardly…hardly
C.hard…hardly
D.hard…hard
答案C rain 在句中是动词，作谓语，后面用副词修饰，hard 作副词，是“猛烈地”的意思，hardly 是“几乎不”的意思。
-同步练习
1.What a ____ cough！You seem_____ill.
A.terrible，terribly
B.terribly，terrible
C.terrible，terrible
D.terribly，terribly
2.I feel even_____now. A bad B.well C.worse D.worst
3.She was very happy. She ran_____of all the runners. A.fastest B.the quickest C. slowest D.quickly
4.Keep quiet，please.It’s_____noisy here. A.many too B.too many C.much too D.too much
5.—Have you _____ spoken to a foreigner？
—No，_____. A.already，never B.ever，never C.yet，already D.ever，ever
6.He is taller than_________in his class. A.any boy B.any C.any other boy D.some other boys
7.I’ll go and visit you ____ next week. A.sometime B.sometimes C.some times D.some time
8.The car is running________.It seems to be flying.
A.more and faster
B.more and fast
C.fast and fast
D.faster and faster
9.English is as _____ as Chinese.You should learn it well.
A.important
B.more important
C.the most important
D.much more important
10.Music is not so useful as science.It’s ________ useful than science. A.fewer B.less C more D.a lot
11.We’ve never heard of_____story before.
A.such a strange
B.such strange
C.so a strange
D.so strange
12.You must wear glasses.They can keep your eyes______. A.soft B.safe C.safely D.safety
13.Pass my glasses to me，Jack.I can_____read the words in the newspaper.
A.hardly
B.really C clearly D.rather
14.Three years _______，he become a driver.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f1079911.html,te
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f1079911.html,ter
https://www.360docs.net/doc/0f1079911.html,tely
D.more lately
15.He is ______ enough to carry the heavy box.
A. stronger
B.much stronger
C. strong
D.the strongest
16.I bought _____ exercise-books with____money.
A.a few，a few
B.a few，a little
C.a little，a few
D.a little，a little
17.The box is _____ heavy for the girl____carry.
A.too，to
B.to，too
C.so，that
D.no，to
18.Do you have ____ to tell us？
A.something new
B.new something
C.anything new
D.new anything
19.—Do you think the fish tastes_______？—She cooked it______，I think.
A good，good
B well，good
C well，well
D good，well
20.She played the piano_____than we had thought.
A. successful
B.successfully
C.more successful
D.more successfully
参考答案1-5：ACACB 6-10：CADAB 11-15：ABABC16-20：BACDD
中学初中英语语法——英语重点词汇区别
on earth 与on the earth 的区别 on earth有三层含义和用法： 1.作“到底”或“究竟”解，置于what，when等疑问词之后，以加强问句的语气。例如： ①What on earth is it？这到底是什么东西？ ②Why on earth did you tell a lie？你究竟为什么要说谎？ 2.作“当今”或“世界上”解，用于最高级之后，以加强语气。例如： He said，“I'm the happiest man on earth．”他说：“我是世界上最幸福的人。” 3.用于否定词之后，作“一点儿也不”解，以加强否定的语气。例如： It's no use on earth．这一点儿也没有用。 He said，“Nothing on earth can change my mind．”他说：“无论什么也不能改变我的主意。” on the earth作“在地球上”解。例如： We live on the earth．我们生活在地球上。 aim to 与aim at 的区别 就“aim”这个词本身来讲，有两种词性，一种是动词“瞄准，对准，打算”等之意，另一种是名词“瞄准，目标，目的，意图”等之意。就短语来说， “aim to”是动词短语，“立志要做某事，打算做某事”等之意，后接动词原形， 而“aim at”也是一个动词短语，“瞄准，以……为目标，针对，追求”等意，其后主要接名词、代词、动名词。例如： Tom\'s son aims to be a famous writer. 汤姆的儿子立志要成为一名著名的作家。 He is aiming at the target carefully. 他正认真地瞄准目标。 dress, wear, put on, have on的区别 区别如下： 1. 从所接宾语来看：dress 要接“人”作宾语(不接“衣”作宾语)，而其余的则要接“衣”作宾语(而不接“人”作宾语)。
初中英语语法之形容词、副词
2013年实验中学初三英语复习学案 萧东来2013-04 初中英语语法之形容词、副词 形容词： 一、形容词的一般用法 1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。 例如，It’s a cold and windy day. 2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。 例如，He looks happy today. 3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything 等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。 例如，Would you like something hot to drink？ 4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 例如，How long is the river？It’s about two hundred kilometers long. 5.只能作表语的形容词：afraid 害怕；alone 独自的；asleep 睡着的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；well 健康的；ill 病的；frightened 害怕的 例如，The man is ill.(正) The ill man is my uncle.(误) 6.只能作定语的形容词：little 小的；only 唯一的；wooden 木质的；woolen 羊毛质的；elder 年长的 例如，My elder brother is in Beijing. (正) My brother is elder. (误) 7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely 独自的；friendly 友好的；lively 生动的；lovely 可爱的 8.复合形容词：snow-white 雪白的English-speaking 说英语的；full-time 全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善良的；man-made 人造的；take-away 可以带走的；ten-year-old 十岁的。 二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词) ——描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词(此项不要求掌握) A small round table 一张小圆桌 A tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物 A dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣 A famous American medical school 一个非常著名的美国医学院 三、形容词常用句型 1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，good(好的)，如kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。 例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。 It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真 粗鲁。 It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。 2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。 例如It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language. (=To learn a foreign language is no t easy for them.) 对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。 It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully. (=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.) 对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。 It’s necessary for us to get to school on time . (=To get to school on time is necessary for us.) 对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。 3. 表示感情或情绪的形容词，glad(高兴的)，如pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)， thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。 例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。 I’m very sorry to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。 4. 表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)， 等常接不定式。 例如，He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于助人。 四、一些形容词的用法辨析： ⑴whole 与all：记住两个词序：①the whole + 名词；②all (of) the + 名词。 如：He was busy the whole morning.( 整个早晨他都很忙) He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词) ⑵tall 与high, short 与low ： 指人的个子时用tall 与short；指其他事物时一般用high 与low。 如：He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木)
(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？
强力推荐 新课标人教版初中英语语法大全(1)
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
初中英语语法形容词、副词精华版
初中英语语法形容词、副词的复习教案 Brainstorm: 你能分清形容词和副词的用法和写法吗？你知道怎么使用形容词和副词的比较级和最高级吗？你知道在英语中有很多形容词词缀吗？ 一．形容词和副词的辨析 1.形容词和副词的区别 形容词：用来修饰名词 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词和副词 所以区别形容词和副词的关键在于看它所修饰的内容。 例如：Candy is a lovely girl. Candy smiles lovely. 在这两句话中，都有lovely这个单词，但是词性却完全不同。在第一句中lovely用 来修饰girl所以是形容词，而第二句中，lovely用来修饰动词smiles，所以是副词。 2.形容词变副词的规律 a.一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefully b.以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-truly c.辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrily d.单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shyly e.以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terribly f.形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们 注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成 “几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly） 之一。 二．形容词和副词的比较级 1.比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：I’m taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two. 2.比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。 ①than：一般用than连接两个比较的部分。例如：Tom runs faster than Mike.其中Tom 和Mike是比较的两部分，用than连接他们进行比较。在than的句式中有一个需要 同学们特别注意：I’m taller than any other students in my class.这句话中用than连接 的是I和any other students in my class两个部分，其实表示的是最高级的概念，译 为我比我们班其他同学都要高，其中any other ……是固定搭配，译为任何其他的。 ②a little, much, a lot, even, still：可用来专门修饰比较级。例如：Lisa was sick yesterday, while today she is much better. ③as+形容词或副词原形+as……：译为像……一样。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一样聪明。 另外，两个比较级连用表示“越来越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越来越长了。 3.比较级的写法： ①单音节单词后+er。例如：tall-taller, short-shorter ②重读闭音节双写最后一个字母再加er：hot-hotter, big-bigger, thin-thinner, fat-fatter ③双音节辅音+y结尾去y变i再加er：ugly-uglier, busy-busier, easy-easier, early-earlier,
最新初中英语语法知识—形容词的专项训练(1)
一、选择题 1．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 2．一Lucy, do you have any plans to spend your five-day holiday? 一I will go to Xiamen a second time. I have never visited city A．a most fantastic B．the most fantastic C．a more fantastic D．the more fantastic 3．一Do you think the weather will be all right for a weekend outing? 一No, unless we're . The newspaper says it'll be very hot anyway. A．lucky B．confident C．wrong D．crazy 4．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 5．— How do you come to school every day, by bus or by bike? —By bus. It’s much __________ than by bike. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 6．We are covering these ____________ girls’ wonderful performances ______ . A．lively; live B．lively; alive C．alive; live D．alive; living 7．I'm surprised that Jenny is 42. I thought she was , for she seems to be in her thirties. A．younger B．older C．young D．old 8．- I’m very tired these days because of this exam. - Why not listen to music? It can make you ______. A．relaxed B．sad C．scared D．bored 9．It is said that e-schoolbags are going to be brought into use in Chinese middle schools soon. In fact. It is a small computer that is __________ than a usual schoolbag but holds all the things for study, such as a _________，an exercise book and so on． A．much smaller, testbook B．even smaller, textbook C．far smaller, comic book 10．—Good news! We will have a ________ holiday. —I’ve heard of it. But it’s coming in ________. A．three days; three days’ time B．three days’; three days’ C．three-day; three days D．three days; three-day time 11．Some students are so . They often make mistakes in their homework. A．careful B．serious C．careless D．successful
(专题精选)初中英语语法知识—形容词的分类汇编及解析
一、选择题 1．一I eat _______ vegetables and ________ meat than I did last year. 一That’s why you’re getting fatter. A．fewer…more B．more…less C．less…more D．many… much 2．The population of China is ___________ than that of Russia. And this makes the traffic in China ___________. A．much larger, more crowded B．much more, more crowdedly C．much larger, more crowdedly D．much more, more crowded 3．I looked at a few printers, and among them the one from China was ________ to use. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 4．It is_____to point at others with chopsticks during a meal in China． Yes．People will feel uncomfortable if you do so． A．traditional B．impolite C．common D．ancient 5．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 6．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 7．With the development of modern science, it’s ________for us to g et information from all over the world. A．slower B．easier C．harder D．busier 8．The result is ________ worse than we thought! A．more B．even C．great D．much more 9．— What do you think of it? — Oh, I think it's that I have ever seen. A．one of most interesting movie B．one of the most interesting movie C．one of the most interesting movies D．one of most interesting movies 10．—To keep the kids , parents should put away the things like knives in the house. —I can’t agree more. A．tidy B．warm C．safe D．tall 11．The number of the students in our class is _______than _______in yours. A．bigger, that B．more, those C．smaller, the ones D．larger, it 12．You are doing great! I’ve never had ___________ answer before. A．better B．best C．a better D．the best 13．He was advised to eat fewer hamburgers and drink cola to keep fit. A．much B．more C．fewer D．less
初中英语语法总结--形容词
初中英语语法总结--形容词 1、形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。 (错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 2.以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 3用形容词表示类别和整体 1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungryThe poor are losing hope. 2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school
初一英语语法之形容词副词
初一英语语法之形容词副词 形容词，副词的比较级：表示“比…更…”（-er） （一）：一般直接在单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词尾+ ；tall Long (二)：以e结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词词尾直接+_______;nice______ wide_______ (三)：“以_____ +______结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词先___变____,再加____。busy______ early______ easy________ busy_______ (四)：以______音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅)的单音节和少数双音节的形 词，副词，要_____最后一个辅音，再+______。big_____ hot_____ red____ thin_____ (五)：多音节和部分双音节的形同此，副词，一般在此类词前面+__________构成最高级形式。interesting_________ relaxing___________ exciting__________ carefully___________ 注意：（1）比较级的句子中最常见的一个词than比。（2）比较级常用于两者的比较。形容词，副词的最高级：表示“最……”（-est） (一)：一般直接在单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词尾+ ； tall Long Old Low (二)：以e结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词词尾直接+___________; nice______ wide_______ large_______ fine______ (三)：“以_____ +______结尾的单音节和少数双音节形容词，副词先___变____,再加____。busy______ early______ easy________ busy_______ (四)：以______音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(辅元辅)的单音节和少数双音节的形容词，副词，要_____最后一个辅音，再+______。 big_____ hot_____ red____ thin_____ (五)：多音节和部分双音节的形同此，副词，一般在此类词前面+__________构成最高级形式。 interesting________ _ relaxing_______ __ exciting__________ carefully______ _____ 不规则变化。 good/well-better---best bad/badly--- worse---worst many/much----more---most 好的更好的最好的坏的更坏的最坏的许多的更多的最多的 (原级) (比较级) (最高级) (原级) (比较级) (最高级) (原级) (比较级) (最高级)
初中英语语法知识—形容词的全集汇编及解析
一、选择题 1．— What do you think of it? — Oh, I think it's that I have ever seen. A．one of most interesting movie B．one of the most interesting movie C．one of the most interesting movies D．one of most interesting movies 2．I’m _____, and I have a _____sister. A．15 year old, 16-year-old B．15 years old, 16-years-old C．15-year-old, 16 years old D．15 years old, 16-year-old 3．—How is your head teacher? —Our head teacher is _________ with us and we usually feel nervous in his lesson. A．kind B．pleased C．strict D．good 4．―is the population of China? ―It’s about 1.4 billion. I think it's becoming . A．what, more and more B．How many, larger and larger C．What, larger and larger D．How much, smaller and smaller 5．It is_____to point at others with chopsticks during a meal in China． Yes．People will feel uncomfortable if you do so． A．traditional B．impolite C．common D．ancient 6．—This kind of watch is much _____________ today than last month. Would you like to have one? —Really? I’ll take one. A．the most expensive B．the cheapest C．more expensive D．cheaper 7．Going for a drive sounds really _______. A．happy B．excited C．boring D．interested 8．All of us are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022. A．excited; exciting B．exciting; excited C．excited; excite D．exciting; excite 9．—Judy, what do you think of your junior high school life? —I think it is one of ______ periods in my life. A．wonderful B．the most wonderful C．more wonderful 10．A walk every day is enough to keep you healthy and in good shape． A．30-minute B．30-minutes C．30 minute's D．30-minutes' 11．His _______ experience helped him a lot when he met with difficulties. A．comfortable B．natural C．valuable D．surprising 12．Steven is always ready to help others. What a(n)______ boy! A．kind B．healthy C．honest D．clever 13．The result is ________ worse than we thought! A．more B．even C．great D．much more 14．Li Yundi is one of _____ pianists in China now and he showed up at the 2012 Spring festival
初中英语语法之形容词
初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级讲练和答案 (一)一般句式的构成： A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格 如：She is taller than me. 主格形容词比较级宾格 （二）英语形容词比较级的构成 英语形容词比较等级有三个：原级，比较级和最高级。 形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。 规则变化 1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） 【例】原级比较级最高级 great greater greatest small smaller smallest clean cleaner cleanest 2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级） 【例】fine finer finest wide wide wider widest 3）闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est （最高级） 【例】big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest red redder reddest 4）少数以-y，-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。 【例】clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest able abler ablest easy easier easiest 5）其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。 【例】careful more careful most careful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级 good/well better best bad worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如：right, wrong, woolen等。 形容词的比较等级的用法：比较级用于二者的比较。 【例】Li Ping is older than Wang Hai. 李平比王海年纪大。 There are more students in Class One than in Class Two.一班比二班学生多。
英语语法--形容词与副词
英语语法——形容词与副词 来源：普特英语 形容词 1.1 什么是形容词 形容词(adjective)是修饰名词表示名词属性的词，常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： a lovely baby一个可爱的婴儿 the beautiful picture那幅美丽的图画 modern history现代历史 1.2 形容词的用法 形容词在句中可用作： 1)定语 He is a good boy.他是个好孩子。 The Chinese Communist Party is a great party.中国共产党是伟大的党。 2)表语 The film is both moving and instructive.这部电影很感动人，而且富有教育意义。 I am very glad to see you.见到你很高兴。 3)宾语补足语和宾语一起构成复合宾语。如： Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行装都准备好了吗? We keep our rooms clean and tidy.我们经常保持房间的整洁。 4)相当于名词某些形容词前用定冠词the，变成名词化的形容词，可在句中作主语、宾语等。如： The young are active.青年人积极好动。(the young作主语) The blind can learn to read with their fingertips. 盲人能够用指尖学习阅读书籍。(the blind作主语) He has a keen sense of the new.他对新鲜事物有敏锐的感觉。(the new作宾语) [注一]上述三例中的the young = the young people，the blind the Blind people，the new the new things. [注二]在The sun rose red(旭日升起)中的形容词red和Don't marry young(不要早婚)中的形容词young都是主语补足语。 1.3 形容词的位置 形容词常放在它所修饰的名词之前。关于形容词有时可以后置的问题(见16.18)，但如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的顺序则由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来，关系最密切的最*近被修饰的名词，关系较疏远的离被修饰的名词也较远。如： a large wild plant一株很大的野生植物
初中英语语法知识—形容词的分类汇编(2)
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