林肯三分钟演讲

林肯三分钟演讲
林肯三分钟演讲

the gettysburg address

gettysburg, pennsylvania

november 19, 1863

four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a

new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are

created equal.

but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can

not hallow -- this ground. the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little

note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which

they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here

dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we

take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of

devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain

-- that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government

of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

时间:1863年11月19日

地点:美国,宾夕法尼亚,葛底斯堡

八十七年前,我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切

人生来平等的原则。

我们正从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原

则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这

个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命,我们来到这里,是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给

他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。

但是,从更广泛的意义上说,这块土地我们不能够奉献,不能够圣化,不能够神化。那

些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们,活着的和去世的,已经把这块土地圣化了,这远不是我们微薄

的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话,全世界不大会注意,也不会长久地记住,但

勇士们在这里所做过的事,全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说,倒是我们这些还活着的人,应

该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在

这里把自已奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务——我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多

的献身精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心,不

让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝福佑下自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享

的政府永世长存。篇二:林肯的著名演讲(英汉) 林肯的著名演讲(英汉对照)

abrahamlincoln亚伯拉罕.林肯(1809-1865),美国第十六任总统(1861-1865)。他

自修法律,以反对奴隶制的纲领当选为总统,导致南方诸州脱离联邦。在由此引起的南北战

争(1861-1865)中,他作为总统,发挥了美国历史上最有效、最鼓舞人心的领导作用,以

其坚定的信念、深远的眼光和完美无缺的政治手腕,成功地引导一个处于分裂的国家度过了

其历史上流血最多的内战,从而换救了联邦。他致力于推进全人类的民主、自由和平等,以

最雄辩的语言阐述了人道主义的思想,不失时机地发表《解放黑奴宣言》,因而被后人尊称为

“伟大的解放者”。林肯不仅是一个伟大的总统,更是一个伟人。他出生于社会低层,具有勤

劳简朴、谦虚和诚恳的美德。在美国历届总统中,林肯堪称是最平易近人的一位。林肯的著

作主要是演讲词和书信,以朴素庄严、观点明确、思想丰富、表达灵活、适应对象并具有特

殊的美国风味见称。此篇演讲是美国文学中最漂亮、最富有诗意的文章之一。虽然这是一篇

庆祝军事胜利的演说,但它没有好战之气。相反,这是一篇感人肺腑的颂辞,赞美那些作出

最后牺牲的人们,以及他们为之献身的那些理想。其中“政府应为民有、民治、民享”的名

言被人们广为传颂。 the gettysburg address gettysburg, pennsylvania

november 19, 1863 four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a

new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are

created equal.

but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not

hallow—this ground. the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little

note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which

they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here

dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we

take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of

devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain

— that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that

government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the

earth.

主讲:亚伯拉罕·林肯

时间:1863年11月19日

地点:美国,宾夕法尼亚,葛底斯堡

八十七年前,我们先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切

人生来平等的原则。

我们正从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原

则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这

个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命,我们来到这里,是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给

他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。

但是,从更广泛的意义上说,这块土地我们不能够奉献,不能够圣化,不能够神化。那

些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们,活着的和去世的,已经把这块土地圣化了,这远不是我们微薄

的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话,全世界不大会注意,也不会长久地记住,但

勇士们在这里所做过的事,全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说,倒是我们这些还活着的人,应

该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在

这里把自已奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务--我们要从这些光荣的死者身上吸取更多的

献身精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心,不让

这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝福佑下自由的新生,要使这个民有、民治、民享的

政府永世长存。

***************************************************************** 在八十七年前,我们的国父们在这块土地上创建一个新的国家,乃基于对自由的坚信,

并致力于所有男人皆生而平等的信念。〔注:father 在此应避免有血缘的联想。在当时的人,

尤其是在政治上,没有男女平等的观念,men指的是男人,而且没有说出来的还是白种男人

而已。为求忠实,不应将其视为人类的通称。)

four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a

new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are

created equal.

当下吾等被卷入一场伟大的内战,以考验是否此国度,或任何肇基于和奉献于斯者,可

永垂不朽。吾等现相逢于此战中一处浩大战场。而吾等将奉献此战场之部分,作为这群交付

彼者生命让那国度勉能生存的人们最后安息之处。此乃全然妥切且适当而为吾人应行之举。

但,于更大意义之上,吾等无法致力、无法奉上、无法成就此土之圣。这群勇者,无论

生死,曾于斯奋战到底,早已使其神圣,而远超过吾人卑微之力所能增减。这世间不曾丝毫

留意,也不长久记得吾等于斯所言,但永不忘怀彼人于此所为。吾等生者,理应当然,献身

于此辈鞠躬尽瘁之未完大业。吾等在此责无旁贷献身于眼前之伟大使命:自光荣的亡者之处

吾人肩起其终极之奉献—吾等

在此答应亡者之死当非徒然—此国度,于神佑之下,当享有自由之新生—民有、民治、

民享之政府当免于凋零。

but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not

hallow—this ground. the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little

note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which

they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here

dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we

take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of

devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain

— that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that

government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the

earth. 1919年,孙文在《文言本三民主义》中译:“林肯氏曰:“为民而有,为民而治,为民而

享”者,斯乃人民之政府也。有如此之政府,而民者始真为一国之主也。”1921年6月,孙

文演说《三民主义之具体办法》时说,“这句话的中文意思,没有适当的译文,兄弟就把它译

作:民有、民治、民享。of the people就是民有,by the people就是民治,for the people

就是民享。林肯所主张的这民有、民治和民享主义,就是兄弟所主张底民族、民权和民生主

义!”

徐道邻在中译这篇演说时,将of the people, by the people, for the people译成

“民有、民治、民享”,应是根据孙文的中译而来的。他又加以题解:“其论民主政治之真谛,

以三介词阐发无剩义,尤为神来之笔。他人千言万语徒为词费矣。”,不过钱歌川在《英文疑

难详解》一书中曾对这样的中译方式提出质疑。篇三:林肯演讲稿

the gettysburg

address

abraham lincoln

gettysburg, pennsylvania

november 19, 1863 four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a

new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are

created equal.

but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can

not hallow -- this ground. the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little

note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.

it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which

they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to be here

dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we

take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of

devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain

-- that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government

of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行

一切人生来平等的原则。

现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者任何一个孕育于自 1 由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上

集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命,我们来到这里,是要把这个

战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后的安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的。

但是,从更广泛的意义上来说,这块土地我们不能够奉献,不能够圣化,不能够神化。

那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们,活着的和去世的,已经把这块土地圣化了,这远不是我们微

薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话,全世界不大会注意,也不会长久地记住,

但勇士们在这里所做过的事,全世界却永远不会忘记。毋宁说,倒是我们这些还活着的人,

应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该

在这里把自己奉献于仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务――我们要从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更

多的献身精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之献身的事业;我们要在这里下定最大的决心,

不让这些死者白白牺牲;我们要使国家在上帝的福佑下得到自由的新生,要使这个民有、民

治、民享的政府永世长存。

(朱曾汶译)

选自《英译汉名篇赏析》李亚丹主编

gettysburg battlefield

one of the bloodiest battles of the civil war was fought in gettysburg,

pennsylvania, on july 1-3, 1863. general robert e. lee came face to face with a union

army led by general george meade. on july 3, lee sent three divisions, about 15,000

men in all, against the union. this oval-shaped map by theodore ditterline depicts

troops and artillery positions along with roads, railways, and houses with names of

residents. the library has one of the finest collections of civil war printed maps and the foremost collection of confederate

field maps, numbering more than 2,300. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2篇四:林肯,葛底斯堡演说赏析

葛底斯堡演说

美国亚伯拉罕.林肯

(1863年11月19日)

“我们应该献身于留在我们面前的伟大任务由于他们的光荣牺牲,我们会更加献身于他

们为之奉献了最后一切的事业我们要下定决心使那些死去的人不致白白牺牲我们要使这个国

家在上帝的庇佑下,获得自由的新生我们要使这个民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消

失。”

“他是一个不屈不挠地迈向伟大目标、稳步前进从不后退的战士,是一位达到了伟大境界而仍然保持自己优良品质的罕有的人物。这位出类拔萃和道德高尚的人竟是那样谦虚,以致只有在他成为殉难者倒下去之后,全世界才发现他是一位英雄。”这是马克思对林肯谦逊、顽强、坚定的优良品质和高尚人格的评价与赞扬。林肯是美国历史上极有作为的总统之一,在美国西南的拉斯摩尔山上雕塑着对美国历史发展起过重大作用的四大总统的头像,林肯总统的头像也在其中,可见美国人民对他的崇敬之情。

亚伯拉罕.林肯,美国第十六届总统。1847年被选为众议员,以后,多次发表维护联邦统一,反对奴隶制度的演说,逐渐展露锋芒,显示了他的顽强和雄辩。当选为美国总统后,即面对南方种植园奴隶主的分裂叛乱。在同南方叛乱的奴隶主斗争的过程中,逐渐由主张有条件地废奴转为态度坚决地废奴主义者,坚定地领导了维护联邦统一的战争,领导联邦政府取得了美国南北战争的胜利。

1860年林肯当选为第十六届美国总统。当时正值国家面临奴隶制危机和资本主义工业发展的关键时期,南部奴隶制种植经济与北部工

业资本主义经济的矛盾日趋激烈,南部奴隶主联盟和维护联邦、反对奴隶制的北部之间的战争一触即发。作为共和党人,林肯坚决反对奴隶制的扩展,极力主张维护联邦的统一,“一幢裂开了的房子是站不住的”。林肯曾在一次演说中说道:“我相信这个政府不能永远保持半奴隶和半自由的状态。我不期望联邦解散,我不期望房子崩塌,但的确期望它停止分裂。”“不是反对奴隶制的人制止奴隶制度的进一步扩展,并使公众相信它正处于最后灭亡的过程中;就是拥护奴隶制的人把它向前推进,直到它在所有的州里不论是老州还是新州,不论是北部还是南部都同样成为合法的为止。”林肯的态度引起了南部种植园奴隶主势力的恐慌,1860年底,在林肯正式就职之前,南部的南卡罗来纳州等七个蓄奴州相继宣布退出联邦,并于次年2月成立南部各州同盟,另选总统,制定宪法,组织军队,公然易旗,分裂叛乱。林肯正式就职后,曾试图与南部奴隶主谋求和解,以维护联邦政府的统一,但遭到拒绝。南部奴隶主势力的军队首先发起进攻,占领北部港口要塞。1861年4月林肯总统宣布南部各州为阴谋叛乱,号召人民为恢复联邦统一而战,美国南北战争爆发。

林肯就任后的一段时期里,不断强调要把人民的政府和维护联邦的统一置于一切争端之上,以致于在战争的初期北方政府没有能够采取坚决有效的措施。南方则依仗装备良好,训练有素的军队,利用林肯政府对战争态度的不够坚决,频频得手。随着战争的推进以及局势的发展,奴隶制的问题逐渐成为关键,而南部数百万的黑奴又是战争中不容忽视的重要力量。林肯认识到废奴对于赢得战争和维护国家统一的重要性,他说:“没有奴隶制度,就绝不会发生叛乱;没有奴隶制度,叛乱就不可能继续下去。”林肯政府采取重大社会改革措施,以赢得人民的支持。1862年5月林肯签署了《宅地法》,满足了大批小农获得土地的要求;同年9月22日,又以“战时措施”的方式颁布《解放宣言》,规定自1863年1月1日起,所有叛乱各州的奴隶应当被视为自由人,可以参加联邦军队。此后,南部五十万奴隶逃亡,黑人纷纷参战,南北双方的力量对比和军事局势发生了根本性的转变,极大地

激发了全国各阶层人士的革命斗志。解放了的黑人踊跃投入联邦军队,英勇参战。在北方军队中约有三分之一的黑人来自南方各州,平均每三个黑人士兵中就有一个为解放事业献出了生命。不久,战争形势发生根本转折,为北部联邦军的战略反攻和赢得战争的最后胜利奠定了基础。

这篇演讲是林肯总统在南北战争的转折点——葛底斯堡大捷以后,为在该战役中牺牲的阵亡将士修建的国家公墓的落成仪式上发表的。

葛底斯堡战役是美国南北战争中最大的一次会战,也是战争中北部联邦军由败转胜的关键。南部军队统帅罗伯特.李将军率部进占北方的宾夕法尼亚,希望以此分割北方并打击联邦

军的士气,从而迅速结速这场战争。双方在葛底斯堡遭遇,战争打得非常激烈,流血最多,伤亡惨重,联邦军损失二万三千人,南部同盟军伤亡失踪二万八千人。此后南部叛军一蹶不振,再也无力大举进犯北方。林肯一直在密切注视着前方战事的进展,并同时关注着对南方军的另一个重要战场维克斯堡战役的进程。当葛底斯堡大捷的消息传来,整个北部对这次胜利群情沸腾而欢欣鼓舞。

四个月后,林肯应邀出席在葛底斯堡举行的国家烈士公墓落成典礼,1863年11月19日,发表了这篇著名的演说。是林肯所作的众多演讲中最著名的演讲之一。它以简炼、凝重、朴实的语言,揭示了这场战争的意义,赞颂了为这场战争而献身者的精神,阐明了战士们为之奉献的理想事业的精髓。这篇演讲在当时获得普遍的好评,一百多年来,一直被作为演讲的典范,在全世界范围内广为流传。

据说林肯出发前就着手起草演说辞,初稿写了满满的一大张纸,但他自己始终感到不满意。由于工作繁忙,一直没有时间仔细斟酌,直到发表演说的前一天,在前往葛底斯堡的火车上才写就了今天我们看到的历史名篇。这篇演说总共只有十句话,全部讲完不足三分钟。当时有个摄影记者早就准备摄下这个伟大的历史镜头,但当他手忙脚乱还没来得及拍摄时,林肯总统已经讲到演说中的最后一句话了。

短小精炼,简洁明了,是林肯这篇演讲最突出的特点,堪称演说辞中的典范。不少人误认为能够把话说得长,能够把简单的道理说得繁复而冗长,是一种水平的表现。而这篇著名的演说使我们认识到,在演说艺术中,真正的高超恰恰在于能够运用简洁的语言阐明复杂的道理。

在简短的演说辞的开头,林肯首先提到了“一切人生而平等”这一平凡而深刻的原则。这是林肯自任总统以来第一次在公众注意的场合提到了杰佛逊的名言,同时也是这场战争口号。在这个时刻提到这句名言,毫无疑问是要将平等理想进一步深化。虽然从建国初期美国就确立了平等原则,但在最初的几十年中,平等始终局限在一部分人的范围内。在南部蓄奴州,奴隶从来没有包括在“一切人”的概念之内。正是这种跛足的“平等”酝酿了国家的危机,而当时正进行的战争,既是对平等理想的考验,也是对林肯所说“孕育于自由”的国家本身的考验。显然,如果把一部分人(黑奴)顽固地排除“一切人”以外,这样一个国家就不能继续存在。通过重申开国者的理想,林肯就扼要地阐明了战争的主题。

这应是一篇颂扬军事胜利和祭奠烈士英灵的演说,但是通篇全然没有硝烟之气,没有一句直接提到那场惨烈的战争。在接下去的论述中,林肯以优雅然而朴实的词句赞美了在战争中奋斗和英勇献身的人们,称颂他们为国捐躯的崇高精神。正是这种精神为他们自己短暂的生存、以及他们为之献身的事业赢得了不朽的价值,由于他们的奉献,使得大家脚下的国土更为光荣和神圣。

从烈士的奉献,烈士精神的激励,林肯转而论及生者的责任。林肯说过,民主值得人们用战斗去争取,自由值得人们用生命去换取。为了“使那些死去的人们不致白白牺牲”,活着的人必定要更加献身于他们为之奉献了一切的事业,要为推进、继续勇士们未竟的工作,要维护民主政府,要使自由获得新生。

林肯演说中最后一句话,需要特别引起注意。这里,他以极为简单的六个字,即民有、民治、民享(在英语中则是三个词组)概括了

美国民主政府的理想形态。我们暂且不从政治上讨论资产阶级民主的实质和限度,单从表述艺术的角度看,这种异常简洁的概括,也达到了炉火纯青的地步。

这篇演说从理想开头,以理想结尾,使理想更加深刻具体;从生者正从事的事业,转而提炼出逝者的精神,又从逝者的精神,进一步突出生者的责任,使生者更感任重而道远。峰回路转,奇峰陡起,又一气呵成,浑然一体,具有强烈的鼓动性和感召力,它充分强调了以林肯为首的北部联邦政府是时代进步正义的代表,必将在道义上得到广泛的支持。

在林肯短短的演说中至少有五次被掌声打断,结束后赢得经久不息的掌声,演说获得很

大的成功。当年《辛辛那提新闻报》的记者评论说:“这是在合适的地点说了恰到好处的话,

无论从哪方面看,它都完美无疵,它是一篇誉满全球的演说词。”许多报纸都发表了赞扬的评

论,称之是无价之宝,将永垂青史。演说的手稿为美国国会图书馆收藏,演说辞还被铸成金

文,存入牛津大学。

(周耀虹)

亚伯拉罕.林肯(abraham lincoln, 1809-1865)美国第十六届总统(1861-1865)。

共和党人,律师。1847年当选为众议员,主张维护联邦统一,逐步废除奴隶制度。当选总统

后,南方各州相继脱离联邦,公然叛乱。他领导联邦军队与南部联盟的战争,内战爆发。战

争初期,南方诸州节节逼进。1862年,他先后颁布《宅地法》和《解放宣言》,局势根本扭

转,保证了战争的胜利。美国南北战争结束后五天,在华盛顿福特戏院遭南方奴隶主指使的

伶人暗杀身亡。篇五:林肯两次经典演说

一、

葛底斯堡演说词

亚伯拉罕·林肯

八十七年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立起一个崭新的国家。这个国家以自由为理想,

奉行所有人生来平等的原则。

我们正在进行一场伟大的国内战争。我们的国家或任何一个有着同样理想与目标的国家

能否长久存在,这次战争是一场考验。现在我们——在这场战争的一个伟大战场[3]上——聚

会在一起,将这战场上的一小块土地奉献给那些为国家生存而英勇捐躯的人们,作为他们最

后的安息之地。我们这样做是完全适当的、应该的。

然而,从深一层的意义上说来,我们没有能力奉献这块土地,没有能力使这块土地变得

更为神圣。因为在这里进行过斗争的、活着的和已经死去的勇士们,已经使这块土地变得这

样圣洁,我们的微力已不足以对它有所扬抑。我今天在这里说的话,也许世人不会注意也不

会记住,但是这些英雄的业绩,人们会永世不忘。

我们后来者应该做的,是献身于英雄们曾在此为之奋斗、努力推进但尚未完成的工作。

我们应该献身于他们遗留给我们的伟大任务。我们的先烈已将自己的全部精诚赋予我们的事

业,我们应从他们的榜样中汲取更多的精神力量,决心使他们的鲜血不至白流。在上帝的护

佑下,我们的国家将获得自由的新生。我们这个民有、民治、民享的政府将永存于世上。(简

介:这是林肯1863年11月19[4]日在葛底斯堡阵亡将士公墓落成仪式上发表的演说,是公

认的英语演讲的最高典范。)

the gettysburg address

gettysburg, pennsylvania

november 19, 1863

-fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent,

a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men

are created equal.

-but, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, we can not consecrate, we can not

hallow this ground. the brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have

consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. the world will little

note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. -it is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work

which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. it is rather for us to

be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored

dead we take increased devotion to - that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve - that these dead shall not have

died in vain - that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom - and

that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish

from the earth.

(by abraham lincoln) 二、

林肯第二次就职演说

(1865年3月4日)

各位同胞:

在这第二次的宣誓就职典礼中,不像第一次就职的时候那样需要发表长篇演说。在那个

时候,对于当时所要进行的事业多少作一详细的说明,似乎是适当的。现在四年任期已满,

在这段战争期间的每个重要时刻和阶段中——这个战争至今仍为举国所关怀,还且占用了国

家大部分力量——都经常发布文告,所以现在很少有什么新的发展可以奉告。我们的军事进

展,是一切其它问题的关键所在,各界人士对此情形是跟我一样熟悉的,而我相信进展的情

况,可以使我们全体人民有理由感到满意和鼓舞。既然可以对将来寄予极大的希望,那么我

们也就用不着在这一方面作什么预言了。

四年前在与此同一场合里,所有的人都焦虑地注意一场即将来临的内战。大家害怕它,

想尽了方法去避免它。当时我正在这里作就职演说,竭尽全力想不用战争方法而能保存联邦,

然而本城的反叛分子的代理人却没法不用战争而破坏联邦——他们力图瓦解联邦,并以谈判

的方法来分割联邦。双方都声称反对战争,可是有一方宁愿打仗而不愿让国家生存,另一方

则宁可接受这场战争,而不愿国家灭亡,于是战争就来临了。

我们全国人口的八分之一是黑奴,他们并非遍布整个联邦,而是局部地分布于南方。这

些奴隶构成了一种特殊而重大的权益。大家知道这种权益可说是这场战争的原因。为了加强、

保持及扩大这种权益,反叛分子会不惜以战争来分裂联邦,而政府只不过要限制这种权益所

在地区的扩张。当初,任何一方都没有想到这场战争会发展到目前那么大的范围,持续那么

长的时间。也没有料到冲突的原因会随冲突本身的终止而终止,甚至会在冲突本身终止以前

而终止。双方都在寻求一个较轻易的胜利,都没有期望获致带根本性的和惊人的结果。双方

念诵同样的圣经,祈祷于同一个上帝,甚至于每一方都求助同一上帝的援助以反对另一方,

人们竟敢求助于上帝,来夺取他人以血汗得来的面包,这看来是很奇怪的。可是我们不要判

断人家,免得别人判断我们。

我们双方的祈祷都不能够如愿,而且断没全部如愿以偿。上苍自有他自己的目标。由于

罪恶而世界受苦难,因为罪恶总是要来的;然而那个作恶的人,要受苦难」假使我们以为美

国的奴隶制度是这种罪恶之一,而这些罪恶按上帝的意志在所不免,但既经持续了他所指定

的一段时间,他现在便要消除这些罪恶;假使我们认为上帝把这场惨烈的战争加在南北双方

的头上,作为对那些招致罪恶的人的责罚,难道我们可以认为这件事有悖于虔奉上帝的信徒

们所归诸上帝的那些圣德吗? 我们天真地希望着,我们热忱地祈祷着,希望这战争的重罚可

以很快地过去。可是,假使上帝要让战争再继续下去,直到二百五十年来奴隶无偿劳动所积

聚的财富化为乌有,并像三千年前所说的那样,等到鞭笞所流的每一滴血,被刀剑之下所流

的每一滴血所抵消,那么我们仍然只能说,「主的裁判是完全正确而且公道的。

我们对任何人都不怀恶意,我们对任何人都抱好感,上帝让我们看到正确的事,我们就

坚定地信那正确的事,让我们继续奋斗,以完成我们正在进行的工作,去治疗国家的创伤,

去照顾艰苦作战的志士和他的孤儿遗孀,尽力实现并维护在我们自己之间和我国与各国之间

的公正和持久的和平。

(简介:一八六四年当林肯再度当选连任总统职位时,美国仍为内战所分裂。当时战争的结果仍不能确定,而林肯的再度当选,成为北方人民决心作战到底争取最后胜利的一个令人振奋的表现。一八六五年三月四日当林肯宣誓就职时,局势清楚显示北方即将战胜,战争行将结束。在这篇就职演讲词中,林肯致力于讨论战后美国人民将面临的重大课题。林肯希望避免一切过错与惩罚的问题。当他准备实施这项政策时,一个刺客的枪弹葬送了他的崇高理想。

林肯就职演讲

林肯的第二任总统就职演说 这篇演说的讲稿是人类历史上最伟大的演说词,永久地刻在了林肯纪念堂里,英文原文 是: at this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office,there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. then a statement, somewhat in detail,of a course to be pursued,seemed fitting and proper. now,at the expiration of four years,during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention,and engrosses the energies of the nation,little that is new could be presented. the progress of our arms,upon which all else chiefly depends,is as well known to the public as to myself; and it is,i trust,reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. with high hope for the future,no prediction in regard to it is ventured. on the occasion corresponding to this four years ago,all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. all dreaded it--all sought to avert it. while the inaugural address was being delivered from this place,devoted altogether to saving the union without war,insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war--seeking to dissolve the union,and divide effects,by negotiation. both parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept war rather than let it perish. and the war came. one eighth of the whole population were colored slaves,not distributed generally over the union,but localized in the southern part of it. these slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. all knew that this interest was,somehow,the cause of the war. to strengthen,perpetuate,and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the union,even by war; while the government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. neither party expected for the war,the magnitude,or the duration,which it has already attained. neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with,or even before, the conflict itself should cease. each looked for an easier triumph,and a result less fundamental and astounding. both read the same bible,and astounding to the same god; and each invokes his aid against the other. it may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just gods assistance in wringing their bread from with malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right,as god gives us to see the right,let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nations wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle,and for his widow,and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace,among ourselves,and with all nations. 最后两段译文: (交战)每一方都在寻求一个快速的、不伤根本的胜利。双方都读同一本圣经,向同一位 上帝祷告,求祂的帮助。看起来真是奇怪:一些人竟企求上帝让别人流汗而使自己可以得到 面包;但是,不要让我们论断,如果我们自己不想被论断的话。双方的祷告不会同时被回答, 任何一方的祷告也不会被完全应允。全能的神自有其旨意。“祸哉世界!因着必来之罪;祸哉

林肯三分钟演讲

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林肯第二次就职演说

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Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

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架准备拍摄照片,等一切就绪的时候,林肯已走下讲台。这段时间只有两分钟,而掌声却持续了10分钟。后人给以极高评价的那份演说辞,在今天译成中文,也不过400字。 林肯的这篇演说是演说史上著名的篇章,其思想的深刻,行文的严谨,语言的冼练,确实是不愧彪炳青史的大手笔。 *********************************** GETTYSBURG ADDRESS Abraham Lincoln Delivered on the 19th Day of November, 1863 Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far

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