考博英语完形填空10类逻辑关系词整
考博英语完形填空10类逻辑关系词整
理
并列关系：
标志词：and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; not only…but (also)…; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally; as well as, same…as;
递进关系：
标志词：also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; furthermore; what is more; moreover; indeed; the other one;another one;apart from;above all
因果关系：
标志词：because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; thus; so…that; such… that; in order that; accordingly(因此;于是;相应地); due to; thanks to; as a result; in that(= because); now
that(既然); because of; considering that, seeing that; in response to; for this reason;
转折关系：
标志词：but; however; on the contrary; contrarily; by contrast;
in contrast; conversely; instead of ; rather than; unlike, on the other hand; unfortunately;
让步关系：
标志词: although; though; even though; even; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; while; as;
King as he was, he was not happy.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard though/as he tried, he failed.
举例关系：
标志词 first\second\last of all; in the first place\in the second place\finally; to begin with\ to continue; first…then; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; one…another; some…others…still others;
对比关系：
标志词 while; whereas ; as; instead of; rather than; not…but;
时间关系：
标志词 when; whenever, before; after; since; as; while; until; till; simultaneously; meanwhile; in the meantime, at the same time;
条件关系：
标志词 if; only if; if only; unless, otherwise; as soon as; as long as; providing that; provided that; on condition that; when; whenever; with;
举例关系：
标志词 such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them); among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely.
总结：句子间的逻辑关系不仅在完型中及其重要，在阅读、写作中亦具重大意义。考生在复习真题时，应有意识地留意分析句子的逻辑词，了解英语文章行文逻辑，进而总结英语文章的总体结构特征。
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第7章完形填空 ◆科普科研类 The first experiments 1 teaching chimps to communicate successfully with human beings began in 1966, 2 two American scientists, R. Allen Gardner and his wife Beatrice, started 3 a chimp called Washoe. Together with their assistants, the Gardeners always “spoke” to Washoe (and to each other when they were in her 4 ) in Asian-American sign language, used by the 5 in the United States. Asian uses 6 to represent words or phrases, 7 some other sign her sign languages in which movements of the hand or fingers represent 8 letters of the alphabet which slowly build up into words. 9 , Asian can be a rapid means of communication. The Gardeners found that Washoe not only understood Asian, 10 soon became adept 11 using it. More important, she was able to use it in a 12 way for example having learned the 13 for “open”, she could apply it in different situations. This was one of the first glimpses of the 14 ability of chimpanzees that they can 15 certain concepts in a general manner and then use them in 16 instances. Other researchers have taught chimpanzees to use compli cated “languages”,17 on colored shapes or computer keys. They 18 have discovered t hat there is nothing wrong with the chimpanzee’s19 apparatus. Just before Christmas 1974, it was reported from the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Centre, in Atlanta, Georgia, that Lana, a chimpanzee adept at
(完整版)雅思口语必备15种连接词
流利度与连贯性的飞跃：雅思口语必备15种过渡词 雅思口语有四个评分标准：Fluency &Coherence(流利度与连贯性)，Grammatical Range & Accuracy(语法广度及准确度), Lexical Resources (词汇范围和准确度) 和Pronunciation(发音)。根据笔者观察，学生们往往对怎样提升 流利度与连贯性不知所措，即便在家里把准备好的材料背的滚瓜烂熟，到了考场也常由于紧张或者有明显背诵的痕迹，取得一个非常糟糕的分数。虽然在一个较短的时间内大幅提升自己语言的连贯与流利不是件容易的事，但我们却可以通过口语中的一些过渡词，帮助自己消除紧张情绪。更重要的是，善于运用口语中的过渡词，可以大大消除背诵痕迹，让自己的语言变得更加自然，更具有逻辑性。 在雅思口语中，有15种过渡词使用的频率极高，可以帮助大家迅速提升口语交流的流利度与连贯性。 1. Addition(递进) moreover, what is more, furthermore, , let alone, additionally, not to mention (this), besides (this) , in addition (to this) 真题链接： Q: Do you often use the dictionary? A: I often refer to a dictionary for some new words. Additionally, browsing the dictionary can also enlarge my vocabulary and knowledge. 2. Reference(引用) considering (this), regarding (this), as for (this), concerning (this), on the subject of (this) 真题链接： Q: Is time important?
(完整word版)高中英语完形填空常用单词短语
一.名词(可数名词或以复数形式出现) cause原因effect结果,影响,效果process过程process过程consequence结局,后果development进展.发展clue线索evidence证据,物证instruction说明,指令,指示connection联系,连接conclusion结论judgement判断(力)proof证据,证明analysis 分析explanation解释,说明comparison比较example例子sample样品point论点,要点focus焦点argument议论,论据,理由solution解决办法,答案description描述fact事实reason理由excuse借口procedure程序,手续step步骤wmethod(way)方法measure措施means方法,手段,工具program(me)节目单,议程,计划日程progress 进步proposal提议,建议suggestion建议proportion比例part组成部分,零件message口信,短信information信息,消息material材料,素材detail细节,详情purpose目的,意图goal目的,目标advantage优势,长处,有利条件disadvantage不利条件equipment设备instrument器材situation形势,局势condition条件,状况,形势view 观点,见解attitude态度destination目的地route路线,航线course过程,经过.课程subject科目,学科direction方向directions用法,指示tips提示,建议number数目figure数字,形状,图形organization组织structure结构,构造function功能principle原理,原则institute团体,机构announcement通知,公告features特征measurement计量state状态,形态shape形态size大小,尺寸,型号height高度weight重量length长度width宽度depth深度amount(quantity)数量quality 质量type,variety，sort,kind类型,种类form形式style风格,款式,式样businessman 商人manager经理nationality民族,国籍sex性别male男性female女性occupation(job)职业,工作profession职业address地址location位置,场所,方位position位置,方位,地位,身份,职位staff职员scene场面,现场spot场所,地点climate气候surroundings周围环境scenery风景,景色landscape风景,地貌interests兴趣hobbies业余爱好preference偏爱(物),喜好sense感觉,感受,意识feeling感觉,感情affection情感,爱情emotion情绪,情感passion激情,热情expectation期待,希望intention意图,打算action动作,行动behaviour举止,行为,习惯nature自然,天性,本性,性质character性格characteristic特征memories回忆,往事degree度数,程度,等级学位grade年级,成绩,评语mark分数,成绩content内容,目录items项目,条目experience经历,经验times(ages)时代,时期period(一段)时期,时间partner合作者,伙伴relative亲戚,亲属courage勇气,胆量ressure压力discouragement灰心,气馁discovery发现,被发现之事supplies供应(品)offers提供,出价income收入expense开支,开销,花费export(s)出口(商品)import(s)进口(商品)rate税率,费率tax税price价格cost(s)代价,价格,成本profit利润loss亏损product产品,产量production生产,产品consumption消费consumer消费者customer顾客complainant投诉者demand要求wwcomplaints投诉conflict冲突，矛盾settlement解决treatment处理，治疗events重大事件influence影响(力)significance意义achievement成就difference差异similarity相似,相同agreement 意义一致disagreement分歧usage用法caution注意(事项)demand要求reply回答,回复ability能力possibility可能性attempt尝试experiment试验average平均数total 总计,总数speed速度frequency频率disaster灾难survivor幸存者rescue营救,救助prevention预防(方案)damages损失,损害deaths死亡(事例)flood洪水,水灾drought旱灾population人口employment就业unemployment失业,失业率,失业人数survey调查data数据,资料strategy策略policy政策applicant申请者,应征者,志