xilinx uboot网卡驱动分析和一些概念扫盲
xilinx uboot网卡驱动分析和一些概念扫盲
1、MAC控制器、网卡、PHY、MDIO、mii、gmii、rgmii概念扫盲
网卡在功能上包含OSI模型的两个层，数据链路层和物理层。物理层定义了数据传送与接收所需要的电与光信号、线路状态、时钟基准、数据编码和电路等，并向数据链路层设备提供标准接口。数据链路层则提供寻址机构、数据帧的构建、数据差错检查、传送控制、向网络层提供标准的数据接口等功能。网卡中负责数据链路的芯片叫做MAC控制器，负责物理层的芯片叫做PHY。所以，一个网卡由MAC控制器和PHY组成。
MAC控制器与PHY连接使用MII（Medium independent interface）媒体独立接口，这个接口是IEEE-802.3定义的以太网行业标准定义的接口，包括一个数据接口和一个MAC和PHY之间的管理接口即MDIO。MII标准接口用于连接MAC和PHY，媒体独立表示不对MAC硬件重新设计或替换的情况下，任何类型的PHY设备接到当前MAC控制器上都可以正常工作。
MII支持10M和100M的网络速率，由于网卡的速率不同，所以在其他速率下工作的与MII等效的接口有：AUI（10M以太网）、GMII（Gigabit以太网）和XAUI（10-Gigabit 以太网）。此外还有RMII、RGMII、SMII、SGMII等。所有这些接口都是由MII而来。MII支持10兆和100兆的操作，一个接口由14根线组成。RMII是简化的MII接口，在数据的收发上它比MII接口少了一倍的信号线。SMII是由思科提出的一种媒体接口，它有比RMII更少的信号线数目，S表示串行的意思。因为它只用一根信号线传送发送数据，一根信号线传输接受数据，所以在时钟上为了满足100的需求，它的时钟频率很高，达到了125兆，为什么用125兆，是因为数据线里面会传送一些控制信息。GMII采用8位接口数据，工作时钟125MHz，因此传输速率可达1000Mbps。同时兼容MII所规定的10/100 Mbps工作方式。RGMII又是GMII接口的精简版。SGMII又是GMII的串行版。
MAC控制器和PHY除了数据传输的交流外，MAC和PHY控制信息的交流通过MDIO（管理数据输入输出）接口来完成。具体MAC控制器进行PHY检测、MAC控制器回去PHY 当前状态、MAC控制器控制PHY速率等操作就通过MDIO来完成。
新概念英语第三册课文及详解第课
Lesson 1 A puma at large Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. Language points Pay attention: The points below are not covered by the mp3. It is better for you to listen to the mp3 first and try to take notes by yourselves. 1，a puma at large at large 1：逃遁的，没有被控制的。
新概念英语第三册课文及详解第2课
Less on 2 Thirtee n equals one 十三等于一 Our vicar is always rais ing money for one cause or ano ther, but he has n ever man aged to get eno ugh money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and ni ght was damaged many years ago and has bee n sile nt ever since. One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Look ing at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recog ni zed as Bill Wilki ns, our local grocer. 'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise. 'I'm trying to repair the bell,' an swered Bill.' I've bee n coming up here ni ght after ni ght for weeks now. You see, I was hop ing to give you a surprise.' 'You certai nly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woke n up every one in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is worki ng aga in.' 'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.' 'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better tha n no thi ng. Now let's go dow nstairs and have a cup of tea.' Lan guage points Atte nti on: The points here are not covered by the mp3. It is better for you to liste n to the mp3 first and try to take no tes on your own. 1, Our vicar is always rais ing money for one cause or ano ther, but he has n ever man aged to get eno ugh money to have the church clock repaired. 现在进行时和always 等频度副词的搭配-- 表示说话人带有的情感色彩 Tom is always doing homework.
新概念英语第二册：第30课课文详解及语法解析.doc
新概念英语第二册：第30课课文详解及语法解析课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. 威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河。 在这句话中，that引导的定语从句修饰 a small river，关系代词that在从句中作主语。地点状语 near my home修饰 the park。 2.I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. 我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐。 (1)by在此处表示“在……旁边/近旁”。 (2)afternoon为复数形式，表示经常性的情况，所以谓语为一般现在时。因为afternoon前面有修饰词，所以要用介词on。 morning，evening与它的用法一致。试比较： He came to the office in the afternoon. 他下午去了办公室。 He met John on Sunday/on a fine afternoon. 他在星期天/在一个晴朗的下午遇见了约翰。 Will you come to the meeting this/tomorrow afternoon? 你来参加今天/明天下午的会吗?(在this , tomorrowr ,yesterday等前面不加介词) This happend on the afternoon of May22.
这事发生于5月22日下午。(请注意在the afternoon of May22之前要用介词on) 3.…it went towards a passing boat.……球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去。 (1)go在此处不是指人“走”，而是指球“行进”。 (2)passing为现在分词，作定语，表示“经过的”、“划过来的”，如a passing plane(一架飞过的飞机)。 4.Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat…岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊…… call out表示“大声呼叫”、“叫喊”，比call语气要重： I heard someone calling out for help. 我听到有人在大声呼救。 Mary called out to her father, but he was too far away and couldn't hear her. 玛丽对着她的父亲高喊，但他离得太远了，听不到她的喊叫。 5.The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. 球重重地打在他身上，使他差点儿落入水中。 so +形容词+that通常引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”： The book was so interesting that I read it in two hours. 这本书如此有趣，我两个小时就把它看完了。
新概念英语第二册：第8课课文详解及语法解析
新概念英语第二册：第8课课文详解及语法解析 课文详注 Further notes on the text 1.Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time. 几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。 (1)nearly和almost 意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思： I'm nearly/ almost ready. 我快准备好了。 I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。 He nearly missed the train. 他差点没赶上火车。 (2)each和every均可译为“每一个”，二者常常可以互相代替使用： Every/ Each time I wash the car it rains. 每次我擦洗汽车，天总是下雨。 但是each更强调个体。它常用以指一个确定的并通常是有限的数目： Each child in the school was questioned. 学校里的每个孩子都被询问过了。 every却不那么强调个体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目： Every child enjoys Christmas. 所有的/每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。
另外，each既可以作形容词又可以作代词，但every只能作形容词： They each have a share. 他们每人都有一份。 Each of us has his own work to do. 我们每个人都有自己的工作要干。 2.Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's. 比尔·弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大。 名词加-'s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解： This is Mary's boy friend, not Jane's. 这是玛丽的男朋友，不是简的。 My pen is lost. This one is my brother's. 我的钢笔丢了。这枝是我兄弟的。 John's handwriting is better than Mary's and Catherine's. 约翰的书法比玛丽的和凯瑟琳的都要好。 3.He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. 他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。 make和build在这里是同义词，都可以解释为“修建”、“建造”。与汉语的写作习惯一样，用英语写作时同一段文字中尤其是在同一句话中应尽量避免使用重复的词，以使文章显得生动(特殊的修辞手法例外)。
新概念英语第三册课文及详解第2课
Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one 十三等于一 Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 'Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?' asked the vicar in surprise. ' I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill.' I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.' 'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.' 'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.' 'We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. 'Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.' Language points Attention: The points here are not covered by the mp3. It is better for you to listen to the mp3 first and try to take notes on your own. 1, Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.
新概念英语第二册第三课课文详解
新概念英语第二册第三课课文详解【知识点讲解】 一、词汇解析 1 send [动词] 寄，发送；传达，告知；派遣，打发 send sb. something/ send sth. to sb. 例句：Lily sent me a present from Australia. 莉莉从澳大利亚给我寄来了礼物。 短语扩展：send for sb. 请某人来 例句：Please hurrily send for a doctor! 请赶快请医生过来！ 2 spoil [动词] 破坏，毁掉；溺爱，娇惯，宠坏 spoil的过去式和过去分词能够是spoiled或spoilt 例句：My weekend was spoilt by his sudden visit. 我的周末被他的突然到访破坏了。 spoil还可表示长辈对晚辈的溺爱，娇惯。 例句：Jack is spoilt by his mother. 杰克被他的妈妈宠坏了。 3 public [形容词] 公共的，公众的；百姓的 这个词与我们第1课中讲到的private是一对反义词。 public library 公共图书馆
public transport 公共运输 例句：The media has a great influence on public opinion. 传媒对大众舆论有很大影响。 public也能够作名词，前面加定冠词the，表示平民，百姓。 例句：The president gave a speech to the public. 总统对公众实行了演讲。 4 friendly [形容词] 友好的，友爱的；亲切的，善意的；朋友似的 friendly是一个形容词，要特别注意，它的比较级和级分别是friendlier，friendliest。 短语扩展：friendly to/ towards sb. 例句：Everyone was friendly to me. 每个人对我都很友好。 friendly match 友谊赛 5 lend [动词] 借给，借出 lend (out) sth. to sb./ lend sb. sth. 例句：Can you lend me your cellphone? 你能把手机借我用用吗？ lend，borrow，keep的区别 两者都可表示"借"，但是 borrow 指"借入"，而 lend 则指"借出"，两者其实是一对反义词，而不是同义词。如：
新概念第二课第三课重点讲解
Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card 【New words and expressions】生词和短语（11） send v. 寄，送 postcard n. 明信片 spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏 museum n. 博物馆 public adj. 公共的 friendly adj. 友好的 waiter n. 服务员，招待员 lend v. 借给 decision n. 决定 whole adj. 整个的 ★send v. 寄, 送 send a letter 寄信send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送（寄）什么东西 send/take children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车take flowers to his wife 自己送 send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送 ★postcard n. 明信片 两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音 name card /visiting card 名片Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作) ID card 身份证（ID 身份） credit card 信用卡 cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种) ★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏 ①vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋 The sad news spoiled our weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。 The rain spoiled the school sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。 His arrival spoiled my holiday. ②vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱 Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。 His parents spoiled the boy. spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱 break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃 damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重 destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁 以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上的 ★museum n. 博物馆 Palace Museum 故宫 ★public adj. 公共的 ①adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的 There is a public library in this town. ②adj. 公开的，众人皆知的 Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later. 他们的秘密会晤20 年以后才被公开。
新概念英语第二册第三课讲解
Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! New words and expressions 生词和短语 send v. 寄，送 postcard n. 明信片 spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏museum n. 博物馆public adj. 公共的friendly adj. 友好的waiter n. 服务员，招待员lend v. 借给decision n. 决定whole adj. 整个的single adj. 唯一的，单一的 参考译文 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！ 1. Please send me a card请给我寄一张明信片 send /send/ v. (sent, sent /sent/) 1.~sth (to sb.) / ~sb. sth 寄,发送 . (1) 昨天我给我爸寄了封信。 I sent a letter to my father yesterday. (2)上周日我给汤姆寄了一张明信片。I sent Tom a postcard last Sunday. 2. 传达；转致；告知 . (1)我父母问您好。My parents send their love. (2)他带话要我来。He sent me word to come. 3. 派遣；打发；安排去 .(1)她早早打发孩子们上床睡觉。She sent the kids to bed early. (2)我叫汤姆去买牛奶了。I have sent Tom to buy some milk. send sb. packing (infml) 叫某人卷铺盖；撵某人走 2. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。 1) spoil v. (spoiled, spoiled) (BrE also spoilt; spoilt) 1. 破坏；搞坏；糟蹋；毁掉 . (1) 天气不好，破坏了我们的露营旅行。Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.（注：camp[k?mp] n. 1. [c, u] 营地 vi.[v] 宿营，露营） (2) 别让他破坏你的夜晚。Don’t let him spoil your evening. 2. 溺爱；娇惯；宠坏 . 她那几个孩子给她宠坏了。She spoils those kids of hers. 2)holiday n. 1. [u] (also holidays [pl.] )=vacation[v?'kei??n] (AmE) 假期 a period of time when
新概念英语第三册逐句精讲第2课 Thirteen equals one
新概念英语第三册逐句精讲:第2课 Thirteen equals one Lesson2 Thirteen equals one十三等于一 新概念3课文内容： Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. One night, however, our vicar work up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer. 'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise. 'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. 'I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.' 'You certainly did give me a surprise!' said the vicar. 'You've probably woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.' That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it." We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. "Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea." 新概念英语3逐句精讲： 1.Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. 我们教区的牧师总是为各种各样的事筹集资金，但始终未能筹组资金把教堂的钟修好。 语言点1:句子结构分析:but连接两个转折关系的并列句，转折的目的一般为否定前一个分句的意思，多为阅读中的考点。to have the church clock repaired作目的状语。 语言点2:for one reason or another表示说不清楚的原因或者不想一一说明的原因。
新概念英语第二册(英音新版) 第3课：寄一张明信片
新概念英语第二册(英音新版) 第3课：寄一张明信片 Lesson 3 Please send me a card 第三课请给我寄一张明信片 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 How many cards did the writer send? 作者一共寄了多少张明信片？ Postcards always spoil my holidays. 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。 Last summer, I went to Italy. 去年夏天，我去了意大利。 I visited museums and sat in public gardens. 我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。 A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语， Then he lent me a book. 之后还借给我一本书。 I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. 我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。 Every day I thought about postcards.
我每天都想着明信片的事。 My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. 假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。 On the last day I made a big decision. 到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。 I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. 我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。 I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! 我在房间里关了整整一天。不过竟连一张明信片也没写成！
新概念英语第二册48课讲解和课后答案解析
新概念英语第二册第48课课文重难点 Further notes on the text 1．Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. 牙科医生们总是在你无法作出回答的时候向你提出问题。 在when引导的时间状语从句中，it为先行主语，代指后面的不定式，for+人称代词／名词说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的： It is not hard for you to help them. 你帮助他们并不难。 It was a mistake for me to come to the party. 我来参加晚会是错误的。 impossible通常不以人作主语，而以不定式或从句作主语： It is impossible for him to help you. 他不可能帮你。 It is impossible that he will help you. （译文同上） 2．In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. 作为对这些问题的回答，我不是点头，就是发出奇怪的声音。 （1）in answer to为固定短语，在这里表示"作为对……的回答"： In answer to my question, Dan shook his head. 作为对我的问题的回答，丹摇了摇头。 这个短语的另一个含义是"响应……的请求"： In answer to my request, he wrote a letter to George. 应我的请求，他给乔治写了封信。 （2）made strange noises, 发出奇怪的声音。"我"并不是有意发出这些声音，而是因为嘴里有药棉，又想回答医生的话造成的。 3．Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been.
新概念2 课文语法详解 第3 课 教师版
新概念第二册第三课学案 Part 1 Words 1. send v 寄，送，派遣，打发 send –sent—sent 1) 加双宾语 send sb sth = send sth to sb Eg. Send me a postcard. Send a postcard to me. I sent my mother a present on Mother’s Day. I sent a present to my mother on Mother’s Day. 2) 加单宾语 send sth send sb send a letter send a parcel send the children to bed 3) send sh my love Give sb my love 代向……致意 Eg. Please send your sister my love. Please send my love to your sister. Please say hello/ hi to your brother. Rember me to your parents. Give my regards to your parents. 4) send for sb send for sth 派人去请某人，派人去叫某物 Eg. Send for a doctor Send for a taxi 2. postcard n. 明信片 card 卡片，贺卡 a Christmas card 圣诞卡片 a birthday card 生日卡片 a get—well card 康复卡片 an identity card 身份证 cards 纸牌 a pack of cards 一副纸牌 1）one’s best card o ne’s strongest card 某人的王牌，绝招 2）give sb his cards 开除，解雇 3）lay one’s cards on the table p ut one’s cards on the table 摊牌 post n/v 邮，寄 post bag 邮袋 post box / mail box 邮箱，邮筒 post code 邮政编码 postman / mailman邮递员 post mark 邮戳 post—free (邮件)免付邮资的，邮资已付的 post—paid 邮资已付的 3. spoil –spoiled---spoiled spoil—spoilt—spoilt 使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋 英式英语中多用不规则形式 dreamt spoilt 美式英语中多用规则形式 dreamed spoiled 过去分词做定语时，用不规则形式 a spoilt child 被惯坏的孩子 spoilt milk 坏了的牛奶 a misspelt word 拼错的单词 1）破坏 Eg. Bad weather spoilt our holidays. The bad news spoilt my day. Postcards always spoil my holidays. 2) 娇惯，宠坏，溺爱（尤指儿童） Eg. That little girl is terribly spoilt. Her parents give 1
新概念二册第80课详细解析
Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. 1、首先这句话是一个由which 引导的非限定性定语从句，这个定语从句的主句是一个一般过去时的简单句，结构为主系表，从句又是一个一般过去时的被动语态。 非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句的区别--非限定性定语从句关系代词前用逗号隔开，去掉不影响主句。限定性定语从句从句与主句关系密切，不可以去掉。 2、the most extraordinary building 这是形容词的最高级 3、of the nineteenth century 介词短语做后置定语 4、Be built for为...而建造 5、Of 1851是介词短语做后置定语修饰the Great Exhibition
The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. 1、这是一个由for引导的原因状语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。 2、主句：A is different from B用来表示A不用于B A is the same as B A和B 一样 In the world 是介词短语做后置定语用来修饰buildings 从句：be made of & be made from 区别 第一种方式：be made of可见原材料 Be made from 不可见原材料 第二种方式：be made of由一种材料制成 Be made from 由多种材料制成 It was one of the biggest buildings of all time
新概念英语第二册课文解析及语法总结(第2课)
新概念英语第二册课文解析及语法总结（第2课） 1.It was Sunday. 那是个星期天。 在句子中，我们常常用it指时间、天气、温度或距离。这种it 有时被称为“虚主语” (empty subject)，因为它没有实际意义。它 之所以存有，是因为英语句子必须包含主语和谓语。请注意以下例句：表示时间： It is 8 o'clock. 8点了。 表示天气： It's raining again. 又下雨了。 It is cold. 天气冷。 表示环境： It was dark outside. 外面一片漆黑。 作为第3人称单数的中性代词，it能够指一件东西、一个事件或 者用来指是什么人： It was my aunt Lucy. 是我姑母露西。(打来电话者) It is a lovely baby.
真是个可爱的小宝宝。 2.on Sundays 在星期天的时侯 (1)复数形式指每个星期日，或绝大部分星期日，与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为： We do not go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不上学。 I never get up early on Sundays. 星期天我从来不早起。 (2)介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中： on Monday 星期一 on Friday 星期五 on Monday morning 在星期一早上 on that day 在那一天 当我们使用last, next和this, that时，介词(以及定冠词)必须省略： I'll see you next/this Friday. 下个/这个星期五再见。 Last Sunday I got up very late. 上个星期天我起得很晚。 3.I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。 (1)在表达卧床的意思时bed前不需加冠词： You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.