现在完成时讲义
动词时态讲义：现在完成时的理解与用法归纳总结-高考英语语法复习学习专题
高中英语语法高考复习/学习专题讲义英语动词时态现在完成时的理解与用法归纳总结一、如何理解现在完成时是英语中一个很重要的时态，也是很容易弄错的一个时态。
首先，我们来看看“现在完成时”该如何理解。
你可能会根据字面意思将其理解为：现在完成时就是表示现在已经完成的动作。
但是，这样的理解是很不全面的理解，甚至是很危险的！因为这样的理解将来误导你混淆现在完成时与一般过去的区别。
现在完成时有两个主要用法：一是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法。
该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果，如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”，其中的“离开”肯定发生了，它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”；又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”，显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去，并且在过去已经完成了，但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响——窗户现在仍是破的。
现在完成时的另一个用法叫未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。
该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)，如汉语说“他在我们教书已有30年了”，显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始，并且一直教到现在，已经持续了30年；又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”，显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的，并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。
二、构成与用法现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。
如：He has seen the film several times. 这部电影他已看了好几次。
I have known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。
句中的has seen和have known均为现在完成时，第一句属影响性用法，其影响是“他对电影内容非常熟悉了”；第二句属持续性用法，指“认识她”已持续了很长一段时间。
(完整版)现在完成时讲解
I have had this watch for five years / since 5 years ago.
2.这位老人已经死了十年了。
WThe old man has died for ten years.
The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
上一页
She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
主菜单
于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。 • never用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实
义动词前，表示否定意义。
• He has ever been to Paris.
• He has never been to Paris.
3） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already， never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和 动词过去分词之间）
He has been here for three days.
He has been here since yesterday.
He has been here since two days ago / last Monday.
He has been here since his wife died.
Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.
现在完成时经典讲义
现在完成时一、现在完成时基本结构肯定句have / has + done否定句have / has+not+done一般疑问句Have Has…done?Yes,…have / has.No,…haven’t / hasn’t.二、用法1. 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。
例如：①We have just played a game.②We have already sung a song.③Have you enjoyed the song?注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.Eg. I have already done my homework.否定句:一般疑问句:2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。
往往和表示延续的时间状语连用。
如for、since 等引导的时间状语。
（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）一段时间的表达方法有两种:for: +一段时间for a year for two weeks for three yearsSince：⑴过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week⑵一般过去时态的时间状语从句since you came⑶时间段+ ago注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.He has been away since last week.He has been away for one week. 对划线部分提问都用How long三、注意点瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：1、用ago,使用一般过去时。
现在完成时讲义
第一讲现在完成时讲义1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have. I've just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
如：I have taught here since 2011.我自2011年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen my best friend for four years.我有四年没见到我最好的朋友了。
（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice,ever,never,three times等时间状语。
如：I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。
3.现在完成时的时间状语（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。
a. 用副词already和yet。
already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
b.用ever 和never。
多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
英语现在完成时讲义和练习
现在完成时的重点和难点一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法” 1.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2.现在完成时的"未完成用法" 现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。
)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far到目前为止)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
现在完成时公开课课件
REPORT
CATALOG
DATE
ANALYSIS
SUMMAR Y
04
现在完成时与一般过去 时的区别
时间上的区别
总结词
现在完成时与一般过去时在时间上有 明显区别。
详细描述
现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但 与现在存在关联，强调对现在的影响 或结果。而一般过去时仅表示动作发 生在过去，与现在没有直接关联。
DATE
ANALYSIS
SUMMAR Y
01
现在完成时的定义和构 成
定义
总结词
现在完成时是英语语法中的一种时态，表示某个动作已经发生，并对现在产生 影响或结果。
详细描述
现在完成时是用来描述过去发生的动作或状态，但这个动作或状态与现在的情 况有直接关系。它常常与一些时间状语连用，如"already"（已经）、"yet"（还 ）、"just"（刚刚）等。
总结词
强调动作或状态从过去到现在一直持续 发生或存在。
VS
详细描述
现在完成时可以用来表示某个动作或状态 从过去某个时间点一直持续到现在，强调 时间的延续性。这种用法常用于描述习惯 、经历或历史事件。例如，“He has lived in this city for ten years”（他在 这个城市住了十年）。
REPORT
CATALOG
DATE
ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
现在完成时公开课课 件
目录
CONTENTS
• 现在完成时的定义和构成 • 现在完成时的基本用法 • 现在完成时的特殊用法 • 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 • 现在完成时的常见错误 • 现在完成时的练习与巩固
现在完成时详细讲解及练习PPT课件
例2.—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We ____B_____ friends since ten years ago . Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
Ａ. knew
Ｂ. have known
Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在
造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持
续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考
查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析 、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正 确答案是Ｂ。
关于现在完成时详细讲解及
练习PPT
第一页，共36页幻灯片
I. 写出下列动词的过去分词形式.
1. wake ______
2. teach ______
3. sell ________
4. see ________
5. ride _______
6. pay _____
7. choose ______
8. throw _____
２.“未完成法”：表示动作或状态从过去已经开 始，持续到现在并有可能延续到将来。
时间状语：for＋一段时间；since＋过去点时间。
第三页，共36页幻灯片
三、现在完成时的各种句式：
１.陈述句：主语＋ have/has+过去分词＋
其他成分。
２.否定句：主语＋have/has+not+过去分
词＋其他成分。
buy—→have ,
现在完成时讲义
现在完成时讲义一．?基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes,?主语?+ have/has.(肯定)No,?主语?+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I?have spent?all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)?Guo zijun?has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father?has gone?to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)?（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill?for three days.I have lived here?since 1998.四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)?的区别?Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai?for two months. /since two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*?以already, just和yet为标志He?has already got?her help.他已得到她的帮助。
讲义现在完成时与过去完成时
龙文学校个性化辅导讲义教师：_________ 学生：________ 时间：______年___月___日__________段现在完成时的基本概念和形式现在完成时：表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关系，即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。
现在完成时由动词have (has) + 过去分词构成。
现在完成时的基本用法1)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用“了”或“过”来表示。
如：I have finished my work.我把工作做完了。
We have set up many new factories in this area.我们在这个地区建立了许多新工厂。
She has read all these books.她把这些书都读完了。
2)动作在过去完成，表示“经验”或“结果”。
汉语常用“过”来表示。
如：Have you ever seen the play The Doll's House?你看过话剧《傀儡家庭》吗?Yes，I have seen it twice. 我看过两遍了。
I have learnt to drive. 我学过开车。
The man has lived in China. 那人在中国住过。
[注] 注意be在下面句子中的意义。
如：Where have you been? －I've been to the laboratory.你上哪儿去了?——到实验室去了。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? ―No，I've never been there.你到过杭州吗?——没到过。
How have you been?－I've been well thank you.你近来身体好吗?——谢谢你，我近来很好。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时和过去一般时都表示在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，而过去一般时则表示动作发生在过去，一般不表示和现在的关系。
英语中现在完成时用法讲义
英语中现在完成时用法讲义现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“have(has)+过去分词”构成。
has 用于主语是第三人称单数时。
（过去分词的构成P122—123中“动词的基本形式”）①I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完功课②I have lived in Guangzhou for more than three years. 我已经在广州住了三年多了。
③My sister has seen the movie many times. 那部电影我姐姐看过好多次了。
现在完成时的否定句和疑问句的构成。
否定句：主语+have /has +not+过去分词+其他.说明：have和has常与not 缩写成haven't 和hasn't .①I haven't seen much of him recently 最近我没怎么见到他。
②He hasn't been to Japan.他没有去过日本。
一般疑问句：Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它？肯定回答：Yes.主语+have /has.否定回答：No,主语+have /has not。
③—Have you finished your homework ? 你已经做完家庭作业了吗？–Yes, I have (No, I haven't ) 是的。
（不，还没有）④–-Has he passed the test yet ? 他考试及格了吗—-Yes, he has . (No , he hasn't ) 是的。
（不，没及格）巩固练习：The bus hasn't arrived yet. (改成肯定句)The bus ________ _______ __________.I have watched the interesting film recently. (改成一般疑问句)______ you ________ the interesting films recently?I have already had my breakfast. (改为否定句)I ________ had my breakfast ______.I have already finished doing my homework. (改为一般疑问句)_____ ________ finished doing your homework ________?She has already worked out that difficult math problem. (改为否定句)She _________ worked out that difficult problem __________.现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时有两个主要用法，“已完成”用法和“未完成”用法。
现在完成时讲义
现在完成时现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始延续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。
①表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。
句型：基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他①否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他①一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他①特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）常与时间状语连用：just , already, yet,ever, never, before, several times.already“已经”; yet“仍然, 还”, 这两个副词常常用于完成时态, 其中already用于肯定句, yet用于否疑句中。
如: Jim has already finished his work. Jim已经把他的工作做完了。
Mother hasn’t come home yet. 妈妈还没回来。
现在完成时一般过去时的区别现在完成时表示的是与现在有关联的过去事件；而一般过去时则与现在毫无关系，只是单纯的过去的情况。
比较：I have lost my pen, so I have to buy one. 我丢了钢笔，所以得去买一枝。
I lost my pen, but found it later. 我丢了钢笔，但后来找到了。
最新初中现在完成时讲解(完整版)教学讲义PPT课件
疑难点
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已经不在这里工作了)
I have worked here for more than twenty years. （现在我仍在这里工作）
注：并非所有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 搞清一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
5. —Is Benny here? —No, he _h_a_s_g_o_n_e_t_o_ the school library. He left five minutes ago.
• 9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. goes
• 10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? have, • 11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you. found
She has taught English since he came here.
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
用for 或since填空
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV __fo_r___ 15 years. 2. I’ve taken driving lessons __s_in_c_e__last month. 3. My sister has had her cell phone __f_o_r__a month . 4. My friends haven’t visited me __s_in_c_e_few days ago. 5. We haven’t used our car __fo_r__ a long time . 6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee __fo_r__years. 7. Tom has worn glasses __s_in_c_e__he was 7 years old.
现在完成时讲解课件
arrive (at/in)-- be (in/at) die-- be dead
get (to)-- be (in/at) close-- be closed
reach-- be (in/at)
buy-- have borrow-- keep
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提 问 必须用how long, 决不能用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
c） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而
ever 表示“曾经”
• We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过 长城。 • Have you ever been to Canada?
你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
leave-- be away (from) join-- be in/be a/an…
since的四种用法
postgraduate student.
注 1): since 也可单独使用 , 表示 “自那时起”; 另外since前也可加 上ever,以加强语气. Eg. I have been here (ever) since. I have been here (ever) since I graduated in 2000.
现在完成时的主要用法
《现在完成时详解》课件
翻译题练习
翻译题1：我已经完成了 作业。
翻译题2：他已经看过这 部电影。
翻译题3：她已经吃过午 饭。
翻译题4：他们已经去过 那个地方。
写作题练习
描述过去发生的事件对现在的影响 描述过去完成的动作对现在的影响 描述过去持续的动作对现在的影响 描述过去完成的动作对将来的影响
YOUR LOGO
THANK YOU
现在完成时通常与表示一段时间的状语连 用，如"for+一段时间"、"since+时间点" 等，一般过去时通常与表示时间点的状语 连用，如"yesterday"、"last week"等。
02
现在完成时通常用于描述经常发生的动作或状 态，一般过去时通常用于描述偶尔发生的动作
或状态。
04
语义上的区别
现在完成时：强 调过去发生的动 作对现在的影响 或结果
用于描述过去发 生的动作或状态 ，对现在产生影 响
用于描述过去发 生的动作或状态 ，对现在产生影 响，强调动作或 状态的完成
现在完成时与一般
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过去时的区别
用法上的区别
01
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的 影响或结果，一般过去时只表示过去发生的动 作。
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现在完成时通常用于描述已经完成的动作或状 态，一般过去时通常用于描述已经结束的动作 或状态。
一般过去时：只 表示过去发生的 动作，不涉及对 现在的影响或结 果
现在完成时：常 用于描述已经完 成的动作或状态
一般过去时：常 用于描述过去发 生的动作或状态， 不涉及是否完成
语境上的区别
现在完成时：强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果
现在完成时讲义 译林版英语八年级上册
现在完成时一、定义：1、表示动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响；2、表示动作或状态从过去开始发生一直延续到现在，还有可能继续下去；3、表示过去发生的动作到现在为止这一时间段内，多次动作的总和或所作工作量的积累。
二、结构：1、肯定句：主语+have/has+P.P.（过去分词）例：I have studied English.2、否定句：主语+have/has+not+P.P.（过去分词）例：I haven't studied English.3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+P.P.（过去分词）?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has否定回答：No, 主语+have/has+not例：—Have you studied English ?—Yes, I have.—No, I haven't.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+P.P.（过去分词）?例：What have you studied ?三、过去分词变化规则：（一）规则变化：1、在词尾加ed：walk-walked-walked2、以字母e结尾的词直接加d：live-lived-lived3、“辅元辅”结尾的词先双写尾字母，然后加ed：stop-stopped-stopped4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词先改y为i，再加ed：study-studied-studied（二）特殊变化(详见不规则变化表)四、标志词：1、位于助动词和过去分词之间的有：ever、never、just、already；2、位于句尾的有：yet(否定和疑问句)；lately（最近）、so far（到目前为止）、up to now（直到现在）、by now；3、for +一段时间；since+时间点；4、in the last/past five years 在过去的五年5、其他不确定的过去时间状语：before、many times；注意：现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间连用，如：in 1949、yesterday等；并且用when或where对时间或者地点提问时，只能用过去时。
现在完成时讲义
现在完成时（一）概念①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果②表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
（二）结构主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。
（三）句式否定式：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词+其他。
疑问式:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?回答:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)/No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)（四）标志词常可和just,already,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,before这类副词（标志词）连用：He’s just left.他刚走。
Has he phoned you yet?–No,not yet.（否定、疑问）他给你打电话了吗？—还没有。
Jane has rung me up three times this morning already.简今天早上已经给我打过三次电话。
The rain has already stopped.雨已经停了。
Have you seen Lewis recently?你最近见到过路易斯吗？I have never broken my word.我从未违背过自己的诺言。
There have been some changes lately.近来有些变化。
也可和表示从过去某时到现在这段时间的状语连用：I’ve seen little of her in the past few years.过去几年中我很少见到她。
So far he has done very well at school.到现在为止他在学校表现很好。
We’ve lived here for over ten years.我们在这里住了十多年了。
I haven’t seen her since June.六月以来我就没见过她。
Has he written since he left home?他离家之后来过信吗？How long have you known her?你认识她多久了？（五）有关现在完成时的几个问题：1.have gone to和have been to的差别：a.Have gone to表示“到某地去了”，表示在途中或已到达目的地，此时不在说话地点。
现在完成时 讲义
现在完成时(The Present Perfect Tense)I. Structure：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) -- past participle①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）II. Usagea.) 现在完成时的“完成用法”现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。
The car has arrived. 车子来了。
（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。
（结果：窗户仍破着）b.) 现在完成时的“未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
这里的动词要用持续性动词。
常与for, since连用，或用于How long...（多久）句型中，表示持续的时间。
My uncle has worked in this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？Notes:●此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。
E.g.:(1) 这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误：I have bought the book for three months.正确：I have had the book for three months.(2) 你哥哥参军多长时间了？错误：How long has your brother joined the army?正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?延续性动词与瞬间动词之间的转换✓Principel: 将瞬间动词改成其他可表示延续状态的词。
现在完成时(讲义及解析)
现在完成时（讲义及解析）【知识点睛】现在完成时❤用法：表示过去发生或差不多完成的动作对现在造成的阻碍或结果；某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时刻开始并一直连续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，能够和表示连续的时刻状语连用。
表示连续动作或状态的词多为连续性动词。
—Jim, why are you watching TV again?—I have finished my homework.The old man has lived here since 10 years ago.❤标志词already, yet, never, ever, just, before, since+时刻点, for+时刻段, by now, ti ll now, so far, in the past + 时刻段, once, twice, three times…❤瞬时变连续瞬时动词也是能够有的。
但当与表示的时刻状语连用时，变成相应的。
She has bought a new dictionary.She has had a new dictionary for a week.She has had a new dictionary since last Sunday.初中常见的瞬时动词变为连续性动词的有：【精讲精练】❤用法( )1. —Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose?—Of course. I the film Titanic several times.A. seeB. sawC. have seenD. had seen ( )2. —Do you know the En glishman?—Yes. I him for two years.A. get to knowB. have knownC. knewD. got to know❤标志词( )3. I Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didn’t hear fromB. don’t hear fromC. won’t hear fromD. haven’t heard from( )4. Ben is a foreign teacher. So far, he in Zhengzhou for five years.A. was teachingB. has taughtC. will teachD. taught ( )5. Have you seen such a good film?A. neverB. everC. alwaysD. often( )6. The meeting will be held in half an hour, but they haven’t got everything ready .A. everB. alreadyC. yetD. still ( )7. —How long have you learnt Englis h?—four years ago.A. ForB. SinceC. FromD. When❤have been to & have gone to( )8. —Where is your father?—He Australia and he Sydney for two weeks.A. has been to; has been inB. has gone to; has been inC. has been in; has been toD. has gone to; has been to ( )9. —Have you everWuzhen and Taohua Island?—No, never. But I’m going to Wuzhen and Taohua Island this summer.A. been inB. gone inC. been toD. gone to( )10. —Where is your father, little Tom?—He Nanjing, and he there twice.A. has gone to; has beenB. has gone to; has been toC. has been to; has gone toD. has been to; has been( )11. —The Palace Museum is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other int eresting place?—Yes. Also, we to the Summer Palace.A. have goneB. have beenC. had goneD. had been ( )12. —Hello! May I speak to Kate?—Sorry, she isn’t here now. She to Shanghai.A. wentB. has beenC. has goneD. had gone❤瞬时动词变为连续性动词—She looks sad. What’s the matter?—Her pet dog just (die).—Mom, I left my book home. Can you bring it to me?—Oh, sorry, dear. I (leave) home. Please call your father. He is at home.( )15. —When did you buy the computer?—I have this computer for 5 years, but it still works well.bought B. have C. had D. been bought( )16. She her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.A. has been away fromB. has leftC. had left ( )17. —How long ha ve you here?—About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived ( )18. —Do you know Tom?—Sure, we have in the same village for many years.A. leftB. livedC. comeD. gone ( )19. —Are you a soccer player i n your school?—Yes, I the team two years ago. I _ in the teamfor two years.A. have joined; have beenB. was joined; amC. joined; wasD. joined; have been ( )20. The lamb for quite some time.A. has diedB. has been deadC. has deadD. die( )21. Our English teacher is very nice. We friends since three years ago.A. wereB. becameC. have beenD. have made ( )22. Alice in Wonderland for 15 days and many of us likethe film very much.A. beginsB. has begunC. beganD. has been on ( )23. How long has she the newspaper?A. borrowB. lendC. keptD. buy完成句子—Your schoolbag is very nice. Is it new?—No. I .(自从我两年前入校时就买了) (since)A: The Frenchman left five days ago because of his business. (改写为同义句)B: The Frenchman has for five days because of his business.安一周前就离开了巴黎。
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现在完成时讲义一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
He hasn't come back yet.他还没有回来。
*以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。
*以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
*以so far（到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。
* ①for+时段②since+过去一个时间点（过去从句）为标志注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago等; 2)不能与when连用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六．过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived---lived ,(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2 、不规则动词：课本七．瞬间动词（buy, die, join, come，go ,leave, join ……）不能直接与for since连用。
要改变动词buy----have borrow -----keepcome/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out leave ----be awaybegin-----be on finish----be overopen----be open close -----be closed die----be dead一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years .Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in12、—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made13、—How long have you ____ here ?—About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________for ten minutes.Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begunＣ. has been on Ｄ. began15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don’t theyC. have theyD. haven’t they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、His uncle____for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university 二、句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)____＿＿＿＿they been here?3、The old man _________last year. He＿＿＿＿for a year. (die)（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________三、汉译英。