专升本英语阅读理解复习技巧讲义
阅读理解
在浙江省专升本考试中，阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)所占比例最大，总分值60分，占试卷总分的五分之二。这一部分主要测试考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力以及考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力。阅读理解分为篇章阅读理解和篇章词汇理解。
篇章阅读理解（一）
一、大纲解析
篇章阅读理解(Passage Reading) 部分采用多项选择题的形式进行考查。这部分测试分两节：四篇文章和一篇7选5的文章。第一部分为仔细阅读理解，其中每篇长度为300词左右。每个篇章后有5个问题，共20题。考生根据对篇章的理解，从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案。
篇章阅读的材料均选自英文原版材料，包括报刊、杂志、书籍、学术期刊等。选材的大体特点如下：
1、题材广泛，包括人文科学、社会科学、自然科学等领域，但所涉及的背景知识应为学生所了解或已在文章中提供。
2、体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。
3、阅读篇章难度适中，整体的难度大致介于浙江省大学英语三级考试与全国英语四级考试之间。
二、做题步骤及解题技巧
根据专升本考试的时间安排，做一篇篇章阅读的时间大致需要控制在10到12分钟之内。要在这个时间内完成一篇阅读，需要合理的安排做题的时间和做题的步骤。建议的做题步骤可以分为以下几个阶段：
1、审清题目
阅读一开始的时候，首先应该读题，可以用一到两分钟的时间，理解题干的意思，并且可以圈出题目中出现的关键词。圈出关键词非常重要，这样有助于考生能迅速的找到题目所问的相关内容，使学生了解文章结构，让他们明白哪些是重点，哪些是次要点。通过审题，考生可以对题目大致有个了解，这样便能在阅
读文章的过程中，读到相关内容时提高注意力，能更加着力分析其所含意义，有利于加深印象。
2、阅读文章
在阅读文章的时候，考生需要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉相关的重要信息，这就便要求考生必须养成良好的阅读习惯。切忌不要逐字逐词阅读，理解每一个单词、词组或句子的意思，这样很花费考试时间，没有效率。而是应该根据中心词和重点词连贯阅读，把握每段的中心句或中心思想，根据题干中标出的定位词在文章中定位关键信息，把握文章的大意。在阅读整篇文章时需注意以下几点：
(1) 注重段落首末。近几年浙江省专升本的阅读理解题目增加了对段落首末内容的考查。在每段首末处，文章内容都会经常出现一些很具有代表性的观点和总结性的概括，这经常会成为阅读主旨和总结的考查地方。读文章时特别要注意首段的首尾两句话，大多数情况下，这两句话回事全文的主旨，会表明整篇文章所表达意思的基调和方向。
(2) 注意转折性连接词。文中的转折性的词汇经常会成为阅读考点的标志性词汇，这类词汇是考题的解题题眼所在。例如however、but等词汇，跟在这些词汇后面的内容通常就是考题的答案所在。
(3) 略读例句。阅读中经常出现一些例句，只用来补充说明文章所陈述的观点，这些句子通常是由for example、for instance、e.g.等短语或词语来引导。对于这些例句，除非阅读文章涉及的题目中有所提及，否则往往可以快速过掉甚至可以忽略不读，这样也能更加的提高阅读的速度。
(4) 忽略某些研究所表明的观点。阅读文章中，作者在给出某个观点后，有时会在观点之后加上某些研究表明(常出现research、survey、study等词汇)，那么同样，除非阅读文章后的题目中有所提及，否则这些research、survey、study 等所陈述的具体内容通常也可忽略不读。因为通常情况下，这些都只是作者在表明他的观点后面，为了进一步论证这一观点，使文章更具有说服力，使他的观点更加鲜明。然而，这些例子或者研究其本身对文章的主旨大意并没有任何影响，因此可以忽略。
3、理解解题
在阅读完整篇文章之后，考生能了解和理解其大致意义，对文章也有了整体把握，这么更能有助于他们解题。解题时通常可以通过之前审题圈出的关键词，找出关键词所在原文的句子或者段落。对这句话或者段落重点理解和分析，然后再联系考生自我对文章的整体把握，逐一排除选项，最后选出最佳答案。
三、主要题型
（一）主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要是考察学生概括、综合的能力。从整体上来说，主旨大意题是阅读题型中要求算高的，因为它要求考生看完文章后，能对文章的大概框架作一个宏观把握，归纳文章的要点，概括文章的中心思想和分析文章的章篇结构，从而解答后面的题目。
一般来说主旨大意题的考点都会很明显在出现在文章之中，通常的位子会是首段的首句或者尾句，更或者主题就存在与文章末尾段。在读文章的时候，特别要注意首尾两端有转折性的引导词，引导词后面的语句大多数会是作者想表达的观点，切忌注意。
1、主旨大意题常见设问方式
What is the main idea of the passage?
What does the passage mainly discuss?
What is the main topic of the passage?
Which of the following can best sum up the passage?
Which of the following can best express/ summarize/ convey the main idea of the passage?
This passage is mainly/ primarily concerned with ________ .
This passage is mainly about ________ .
This passage mainly discusses/ deals with ________ .
The purpose/ aim of the passage is to ________ .
The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to ________ .
The passage is intended to ________ .
2、主旨大意题解题技巧
(1)文章首尾，首段首尾成为常见命题点。对于整篇文章来说，中心句、主题句通常就是在首尾的位子。同样，对于段落也是如此，段首和段末一般是该段的主旨句。对于阅读时间紧张的同学，有的时候实在是为了节约时间，可以通过仔细分析主题句、忽略其他部分去理解文章或者段落大意。
(2)标志性引导词。常见的标志性引导词有but, however等转折性的连接词和表因果的连词because, therefore, for, as a result等。它们所引导的句子往往会标明作者的意图和观点，需要着重分析理解。
(3)特殊标点符号。在文章的首段或者尾段带有冒号和破折号的语句通常是作者的想法，表明文章的内容和主体。
For example:
2010年浙江工商大学阅读理解Text 5第51题：
The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religion, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only） or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole
of public and private life. In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.
Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.
51.What is the passage mainly concerned about？
A. Religion has a variety of interpretation.
B. Religion is a reflection of ignorance.
C. Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories.
D. Religion includes all kinds of activities.
解析：答案A。题目就是一个典型的主旨大意题，问及全文的主要内容，考查考生的总结和归纳能力。整篇文章是都是围绕“religion”这个单词展开说明，介绍这个单词的起源以及它的含义和解释。从第一段第二句和文章最后一句话可以看出，“religion”的解释和表现形式有很多种，全文其他部分都是在对此进行说明和补充，因此答案为A。
2008年浙江工商大学阅读理解Passage 1第81题：
Science is guided by the vast body of scientific laws that have been established through careful experimentation over the past 300 years. Although there is no precise prescription for doing science, there is a general scheme for doing science. Science begins when a natural phenomenon is observed that raises a question for which there
is no known answer. Doing science involves thinking of ways to explain the natural phenomenon and answering the question raised. The various explanations invented by a scientist involve a creative process that is based on one’s own personal experiences as well as known scientific laws and theories. Thinking of the initial question to ask about the observed phenomenon, and all conceivable（能想得出来的）explanations (or hypotheses) to explain the phenomenon are among the most creative moments in doing science.
A hypothesis is based on one’s personal life experiences, and can also embody a known scientific theory or law. The combination of a theory or law that applies to the phenomenon under study plus the scientist’s proposed hypothesis to explain the phenomenon is called a model. A model can be a statement of a concept, a physical model, a diagram, or a mathematical expression. The process of explaining the patterns and trends in data based on known scientific theory is called modeling the data. A reason that a model is always simpler than the actual phenomenon observed is that the theories and laws are simplifications and generalizations of the patterns observed in nature. The basic premise in science is that knowledge is advanced when a correspondence is found between the model and the observed phenomenon.
The foundations of scientific inquiry in the physical sciences rest on developing the skills to pose a scientific question, to develop, to test and to apply a scientific model that adequately accounts for the observed phenomena.
85. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Hypothesis and Model in Science.
B. The Function of a Hypothesis.
C. How is Science Done?
D. Phenomenon and Scientific Inquiry.
解析：答案C。这道题考查的也是考生对文章主旨的把握。这道题还是需要通读全文之后才能选出正确的答案，A这个选项表示科学中的假说和模型，这个只是文章第二段的描述和归纳，不全面。B项表示假说的运用，也只是文章第二段的一个内容，并非全文的主旨。D项说明是科学探究与现实现象，这个只是第三段
的概括说明。全文是阐述了科学是怎么形成的，故答案为C。
(二) 短文细节题
短文细节题考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。细节题在阅读理解考试中所占的比重相当大，细节题的内容包含广阔，很细小的点都会成为细节题的考点。这类问题要求考生需要认真仔细的理解与文章有关的内容，正确把握文章的情感，以及找出其他有关的细节或具体的数据等。
短文细节题有个很明显的特点就是问题答案能在文章中直接找出。很多时候答案都是原句换了一个表示的词汇，但是意思仍与作者意图相同。由于考试时间非常紧张，对于考生来说，做好细节题，首先是要在原文找到相关信息。首先就需要理解题干的意思，找出关键词，然后再到文章中定位到相关语句，对此句再进行认真分析和理解。
1、短文细节题常见设问方式
Which of the following is true/false?
Which of the following is not the result of ________?
What causes ______?
Why does the author mention ______?
The author gives this example to illustrate _______?
Which of the following are people allowed to do?
What do we know about _____?
Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of ________ ?
The question in lines XX is based on which of the following assumptions?
The author uses which of the following in the XX paragraph?
In line XX the author distinguishes between______?
2、短文细节题解题技巧
(1) 关键词定位，利用题干中的关键词或者关键短语快速在文中找到相应的词或句子，在对应的词或句子所在的句子中认真理解分析，再选出答案。
(2) 在重要、关键的词语或短语下做上记号，如表示时间与年代的词；表示条件、目的、方法、步骤、原因等词；表示人名、地名或其他的专有名词；数据；某些
副词（如：always, seldom, absolutely, entirely, relatively, particularly, hardly, merely, virtually等等），这些词汇或短语都有可能成为答案所在的标志。
(3) 注意留意复合句，如同位语、插入语、定语、不定式等，往往这种复合句能使考生更加明了作者的意图。
(4) 圈出表示条件、递进、转折、例证、原因、总结等语标词，它们所引导的句子很有可能藏有考点，它们均与短文细节有所关联。
For example:
2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题Passage Four中第16题：
The U.S. Travel Association confirmed in a survey what many frustrated fliers already know: The No.1 airport headache is passengers who pull too many carry-on bags through security and onto flights.
That number has skyrocketed in recent years—86 million more bags were carried on in the year than during the same period two years earlier, the Transportation Security Administration estimates.
The reason for the carry-on jump is no mystery: All the major domestic airlines now charge to check (托运) even one bag, generally $25. To save money and time at the baggage claim, passengers carry as much as they can on board, with predictable consequences.
At security checkpoints, these millions of extra bags, many of them densely packed, mean longer lines. Once past security, the fun continues at boarding. On a typical flight, there’s a fierce fight for scarce overhead bin space, extending the boarding process. Bags that are stuffed under seats make passengers even more uncomfortable.
There has got to be a better way. In fact, there is. Here’s what a more sensible system would look like:
No fee for the first piece of checked luggage. It would be better if airlines simply raised fares( 机票) instead of fees. Limit the carry-on size and charge for large carry-ons. Use templates( 标尺) at the security checkpoints to cut off the monster bags that now often escape airline staff’s notice until they’r e right at the door of the plane. Tax the airlines’income from fees the same way that fares are taxed. Currently,
the fees are tax free, encouraging airlines to generate income through fees rather than fare increases.
W e’r e sympathetic to the airline industry’s need to make money, but the baggage fees—previously intended to offset rising fuel costs—have become an interruption that slows down the security check, offloads costs onto fliers and makes the boarding process even more unpleasant than it already is.
1．What makes the air travelers most frustrated at the airport?
A. The limited overhead bin space for bags.
B. The number of bags they carry onboard
C. The long line at the baggage claim.
D. The extra fee they have to pay for carry-ons.
解析：B。根据关键词frustrated可以定位到文章第一段。得知：让乘客最为头痛的就是安检和登机的时候携带过多的行李。故答案为B。
(三) 词义猜测题
词义猜测是指在阅读理解中，考生需要根据上下文的意思和自己所学的内容去推测不熟悉或者陌生的词汇或者短语的大意，要求考生就词汇或者短语找出近义词或者合理的解释说明。
词义猜测题主要考查以下几个方面：
(1) 考查考生熟悉词汇的生僻含义，即很多词汇考生了解其通常含义，但是在具体的情境和语境之中，词汇会有一些不常用的陌生意义。
(2) 考查考生对指代词的理解，例如文章中所出现的it, this, that等指代词，考查这些词汇所指代的意思。
(3) 考查考生通过对其近义词、反义词甚至是修饰词的理解去猜测词汇意思。
(4)考查考生理解文中俚语、谚语的意思。
1、词义猜测题常见设问方式
The word “…” in the passage means ________ .
The word “…” (Line …) could be best replaced by ________ .
According to the passage, the word “…” is referred to as ________ .
As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests ________ .
The sentence “….” means that _______ .
The sentence “…” can be paraphrased as ________ .
What does the sentence “…” mean?
What does the sentence “…” imply?
The word “it” (Line …) refers to ________ .
The word “one” could be best replac ed buy which of the following words?
Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “…”?
The term “…” in paragraph… can be best replaced by________ .
2、词义猜测题答题技巧
(1) 可根据所考查词汇与整篇文章主旨的关系来猜测，与主题基调和意义相近或者相符合的，通常就是词汇的适当解释。
(2) 通过文章中对词汇或者短语的定义和解释来猜测语义。在阅读中，有的所考词汇作者会对其进行定义或者解释说明，这样考生就能够直接的正确理解词汇的意思。
(3) 利用文章中的同义词和反义词来猜测语义。在很多情况下，考生可以通过理解所考词汇的同义词或者反义词，来判断词汇的意思。
(4) 通过逻辑关系来猜测语义。上下文的逻辑关系是个很好的推理依据，根据上下文的因果关系、转折关系、论证关系、递进关系和对比关系等，来确定词汇语义。
(5) 利用某系词缀可以猜测词语的意思。考生需要掌握常见的前缀和后缀，例如看到un, im, in, ab等开头的词汇，通常就是表示反义的意思。
For example:
2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题Passage Three中第12题：
We covet（垂涎）their food, their wine and their ability to stay slim while consuming both …but should we be admiring the French for their parenting skills, as well?
In her very buzzy new book, “Bringing Up Bebe,” A merican mom and Paris resident Pamela Druckerman makes the argument that the French have a leg up on rearing their children.
“There’s something about the way the French parent that makes it less of a grind
and more of a pleasure,” writes Druckerman, a for mer Wall Street Journal reporter. She cites a 2009 study finding mothers in Ohio think caring for their children is far less pleasant than mothers in Rennes, France.
What exactly do French parents do that’s so different from American parents? A few examples:
Teaching kids patience and self-control through delayed gratification: French parents teach their children to wait for what they want from an early age—for a few minutes, usually—instead of immediately giving into kids’ demands.
“ I’m now convinced t hat the secret of why French kids rarely whine or collapse into tantrums（发脾气）—or at least do so less than American kids—is that they’ve developed the internal resources to cope with frustration,” Druckerman writes.
Sleep training often begins at birth: In France, babies are expected to be sleepingthrough the night by the time they’re four months old. Parents don’t ignore their babies’ cries but they do pause before responding to them.
“French parents believe it’s their job to gently teach babies to sleep well,” she writes. “They don’t view being up half the night with an eight-month-old as a sign of parental commitment.”
They don’t give in to guilt over spending time away from their kids: French women believe that “it’s unhealthy for mothers and childr en to spend all their time together. …Children—even babies andtoddlers—get to cultivate their inner lives without a mother’s constant interference.”
12. The underlined words “have a leg up” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. offer help
B. gain advantage
C. act fast
D. stand up
解析：B。根据短语中的up一词，就可以推测其意思应该是正面积极的。由第一段的最后一句should we be admiring the French for their parenting skills, as well? 我们是否也该羡慕法国人养育子女的能力？有下文可知法国人在养育子女方面
是有很多优势的，故答案B符合。
(四) 推理判断题
推理判断题是要求考生通过阅读完文章后，根据所读内容、文章主旨、逻辑分析以及文化背景等对所考查内容进行推敲和判断，从而理解作者的想表达的深层含义。
阅读理解中涉及推理判断的面很广泛，凡是没有明确表达的意思，属于字里行间隐含的意思都属于推理的范围。这部分题往往出题量较大，难度较大，错误率也比较高，考生在做这类题时首先要尽量避免其他项的干扰。
1、推理判断题常见设问方式
The passage implies / suggests / shows that ________.
It is implied / suggested / indicated in the passage that ________.
It can be inferred / seen /concluded from the passage that ________.
The author implies / suggests / indicates that ________.
We can learn / conclude from the passage that _________.
Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?
Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage?
Based on the passage, we can assume / presume that ________.
The writer implies but not directly states that ________.
2、推理判断题答题技巧
(1) 推理和判断题一般都会根据全文主题的背景，所以考生在做推理判断题的时候，一定要注意选项的含义应该与全文的基调保持一致。基于原文合适的推理和深刻的理解都有可能是正确的诠释，反而那种照抄原文的通常不会是正确的选项。
(2) 在选项中用词过于绝对的，一般不会是答案
(3) 推理判断的原文大多数会是对某一论点的论证或者进一步的说明，所以在分析推断的时候可以反复去理解主要的论点。
(4) 语义转折的地方仍会是出题点，着重注意。
For example:
2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题Passage Two中第8题：
Lloyd Slocum was unemployed for 18 months, but like hundreds of thousands of Americans, he’s working part time this holiday shopping season, unloading trucks and stocking shelves for a Bealls store in Port St. Lucie, Fla.
“It gives you something to look forward to,” says Slocum, 29.
He plans to use cash to buy his father a Christmas present and hopes to move on to a full-time position with Bealls/Burke’s stores, a Sunbelt chain.
Black Friday, the official start of holiday shopping heat, also kicks off the less-celebrated season of the part-time worker. Retailers （零售商）alone are hiring about 500,000 seasonal employees this year, most of whom are part time, according to the National Retail Federation. Retailers’recent shift to opening on Thanksgiving or midnight on Black Friday has intensified the need for part-time workers.
Holiday jobs offer financial and emotional lifeline for many of the nation’s jobless. They also point up a troubling reality: A near-record number of Americans are working part time throughout the year, even though they would prefer full-time jobs. It is not just because of the recession （经济衰退）. Economists cite a broader, longer-term shift toward part-time work as employers cut expenses and more precisely match staffing with ups and downs of customer demand.
The number of part-timers who really want full-time positions—so-called involuntary part-time employees—has risen from 8.4 million in January to 8.9 million last month, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The total has hung at 8.5 million to 9 million since early 2009 —double the pre-recession level.
By contrast, the total of unemployed Americans has stayed flat at about 13.9 million this year and is down from about 15 million in late 2009 as employers had added 2 million or so jobs. The gap shows how the nation’s official 9% jobl ess rate doesn’t fully reflect the effect caused by a half-speed economic recovery.
8. In America, “Black Friday” usually marks the beginning of ______.
A. 24-hour work shifts
B. Thanksgiving dinner
C. Christmas celebrations
D. a holiday shopping season
解析：D。由关键词Black Friday定位到原文第四段的第一句话，Black Friday后面的同位语正好是对其意思的解释说明：黑色星期五是假期购物热的开始，故D 正确。
(五) 观点态度题
阅读理解中的题目有的时候会问及作者对于某一事件或者某一问题的观点或者态度是什么，以及作者对文章继续展开的内容判断等，这样的题就是观点态度题。
解答这种问题时，考生首先应请注意篇章中的连词，这些连词的运用都暗含着作者的态度和观点，从中可以推敲出作者的意图。然后需要注意有些表明作者观点的词汇和语句，考生就可以根据这些词汇和语句的情感来判断作者的态度。总体来讲，观点态度的题比较难，对于这类问题的回答，考生应从篇章的体裁和风格入手，再从文章的论述方法、语气和措辞中把握作者对事物的喜好，从而了解作者的情感与态度。
1、观点态度题常见设问方式
What’s the tone of the passage?
Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward…?
How does the author feel abo ut…?
What’s the author’s opinion of/ about …?
What is the author’s overall attitude towards …?
What does the author think of…?
Which of the following is the author most likely to agree with?
The author seems to be in favor of the idea of ________.
The author probably feels that ________.
The author’s attitude towards …might be best summarized as ________.
In the writer’s opinion, ________.
According to the author, ________.
The author of the passage seems to be ________.
The tone of the author is ________.
2、态度观点题的解题技巧
(1) 对于态度观点题的解答，把握文章的体裁非常重要。如果文章是说明性文章，介绍某一事物或者是说明某一现象，由于说明文本身的客观性，通常情况下作者所持的态度会是中立的。如果是记叙文的话，作者的观点态度不会很明显的显示出来，但是会暗含于陈述的语句之中，这就要求考生好好推敲某些词汇的情感，找出那些渲染气氛和表现情感的语句。
(2) 注重表示观点或者态度的引导词，例如：in my point, as far as I am concerned, in my opinion, I think/ suppose/ argue/ believe/ claim等。它们后面所接的语句会是作者的观点，切忌注意。
(3) 注意转折和对比的地方，也会是作者观点态度的表现。转折或者对比处，也就是作者强调的地方，此处会反应作者的情感和倾向，考试的题目依据通常就会出现在此处。
(4) 掌握和熟悉一些表示观点的词汇和短语，例：
A. 表示赞同的
positive adj.肯定的, 实际的, 积极的, 确实的
favorable adj.赞成的, 有利的, 赞许的, 良好的
approval n. 赞成, 承认, 正式批准
enthusiasm n.狂热, 热心, 积极性
supportive adj.支持的，支援的
defensive adj. 为……而辩护
B. 表示否定的
negative adj.否定的, 消极的, 负的, 阴性的
disapproval adj.不赞成
objection n.异议
opposition n.反对
critical adj.批评的
criticism n批评批判
disgust vi.令人厌恶, 令人反感vt.使作呕
warning adj. 警告的
detestation n.憎恶, 厌恶的人, 嫌恶
indignation n.愤慨
contempt n.轻视, 轻蔑, 耻辱, 不尊敬compromising n.妥协, 折衷v.妥协, 折衷worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的
C. 表示怀疑的
suspicion n.猜疑, 怀疑
suspicious adj.(～of) 可疑的, 怀疑的
doubt n.怀疑
doubtful adj.可疑的, 不确的, 疑心的
question v. 质疑
puzzling adj.使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的
D. 表示客观的
objective adj.客观的
neutral adj.中立的
impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的
disinterested adj.无私的
imprejudiced adj.没有偏见的
unbiased adj.没有偏见的
unprejudiced adj.公平的, 无偏见的, 没有成见的detached adj.不含个人偏见的
E. 表示主观的
subjective adj.主观的, 个人的
indifference n.不关心
tolerance n.宽容，容忍，忍受
pessimism n.悲观, 悲观主义
gloomy adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的, 令人沮丧的, 阴郁的optimistic adj.乐观的
sensitive adj.有感觉的, 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的
reserved adj.保留的, 包租的
consent vi.同意, 赞成, 答应n.同意, 赞成, 允诺radical adj.激进的
moderate adj.中等的, 适度的, 适中的v.缓和
mild adj.温和的, 温柔的, 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的ironic adj.说反话的, 讽刺的
confused adj.困惑的, 烦恼的
amazed adj.吃惊的, 惊奇的
concerned adj.关心的, 有关的
apprehensive adj.担忧，担心
mixed adj.喜忧参半
biased adj.有偏见的
indignant adj.愤怒的, 愤慨的
F. 表示积极的
objective adj.客观的
concerned adj.关注的
confident adj.自信的, 确信的
interested adj.感兴趣的, 有成见的, 有权益的optimistic adj.乐观的
positive adj.正面的
impressive adj.给人深刻印象的, 感人的
G. 表示中立的
impartial adj.公平的, 不偏不倚的
neutral adj.中立的
impersonal adj.非个人的
factual adj.事实的, 实际的,根据事实的
detached adj.不含个人偏见的
H. 表示消极的
indifferent adj.漠不关心的
depressed adj.消沉的
subjective adj.主观的
pessimistic adj.悲观的
unconcerned adj.不关心的
contemptuous adj.轻蔑的, 侮辱的
hostile adj.敌对的, 敌方的
biased adj.片面的
For example:
2012年浙江省专升本阅读试题Passage One中第5题：
5. What is the writer’s attitude towards nuclear energy?
A. Indifferent.
B. Tolerant.
C. Negative.
D. Supportive.
解析：C。由文章的最后一段的最后一句：Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power. 可知，权衡过后可看出，除了核能源以外还有其他资源有利于经济和生态。故知，对核能源的态度并不乐观。
专升本英语阅读理解50篇
专升本英语阅读理解50 篇 (1) One sho u ld be moderate（适度）in a ll things. Moderation i s a l ways the safes t way to do t h ing s and a v irtu e（品质）we shou ld have. Let's take th e stodcnt Ii fe for exam pl e. The re arc some students who s tu dy too hard a nd play 100 little, while there are o th ers who play too mu c h and study too linle. On o n e hand, it is harm fu l 10 his heallh i f h c ha s too few exercises, and on the o th e r hand, i t is harmful 10 h is mind if h c pl ays t oo mu c h. In th e matter of eating, one a l so shou l d be m odera t e. Do not eat 100 much or 100 li ule. Too much eat in g wi ll m ake you s ick, whi l e 100 litt le eating will make yo u weak T h e man of progrcss i s h e who neithcr has I OO h ig,h an opin i on of h imse lf nor Ihin ks lOO poorly of h imse lf. l f a man thinks 100 hig h ly of h imse l f, he is sure 10 become very pro ud, but ifhe has 100 poor an o pini on of h i m self, h e w ill ha ve no courage 10 make an adva n ce. Bo 由lh c cond 山ons above wi ll make you l ose your advancing a im. A broad m i nded man i s he w h o a l ways moves with in the o rbit （轨道）of rca onab l cness. W h c1hcr in any aetivilies in life, moderation i s one of the be t ways 10enjoy re a l happin css. I . ''Someone c modcra1e" mea n s A.he wa l ks neither 100 fast nor 100 s l owly B.h e hasgood characters and good ways to do things C. h e i s not on l y safe bu1 a l so successful D. he i s e i1h crt a ll o r shor l 2.T h e ,vriter s u gge 1s that a st u dcn l shou l d A, have much more time to st ud y 1han10 play B.spend m ost of 1h c time playing difleren1 games C.on l y study hard w i t h o ut any 1irne to play D.correct l y arrange （安排）h i s time for study and play 3. Modcra1c eating m eans A.eating as much food as o n e ca n if 1he food i s 1a t y B.eating food ri ch of fa1 C.eati n g a proper amounl of food D.eating either too much or 100 l i1t l e 4 , If one want to be br oad-minded. he must A.believe in himself B.be full of co u r age C.enjoy rea l happine s D, do every1h ing that i s reasonable 答案：B D C D (2) Daniel Boone was born in the U n i ted States in 1734. He didn't go to schoo l a nd cou l dn't r ead, a lth ough h e l earned a ll about th e fo r csl , streams and hunting. He could move sile nt ly lik e an Indian l eaving no marks. He l oved to li ve alone in th e woods where nothing frightened him When he grew up, he married an d tri ed t o 沁ide down o n a farm. A year la t er, however, h e wasn't sa ti sfie d a nd decided t o go i nt o the unknown western land s, crossing the Appalachian Mou nt ai n s. Whe n he returned a 仆er l\vo years, hebecame famous for h is lo n g journey. He brought va lu ab l e an im a l sk in s and t o ld stories about the Indians. After thi s, he cho沁10 keep travelling to unknown places. Once he lost t o the Indians in batt le and was taken away. T h e Indian. li ked him and bec"1me his frie n岱 Daniel Boone died a t the age of86.He i s remembered as a n ex p lo r c（-r探险者）a nd a p i o n eer who lived an exciting li fe in the early years of American nation I . Daniel Boone's ea-rly li fe was mainly s p en t i n A. l earn ing about nature 8. hunting wi th his friends
2018年专升本英语复习资料全
专升本英语复习资料 1.able ability enable capable be able to do能够做… have the ability to do 能够做，有能力做…： He has the ability to make very good boat. enable ** to do 使…能做…： Internet has enabled us to get information from all over the world. Be capable of 能够做…：He is capable of drawing oil painting. He is able to read and write in English. 2.absent 反义词：present 3.abroad 国外，海外：live ~ go ~ Many young people are eager to go abroad to study. 4.access：入口，途径；机会，权利。Have access to sth Citizens in the town all have access to the books in the local（当地的）library. 5.absorb 吸收be absorbed in 全神贯注于… All the students are absorbed in Professor's lecture on China's economy. 6.accept 接受receive 收到（不一定接受） She received a gift from him，but she didn't accept it. 7.by accident=by chance 偶然地on purpose 故意地 8.according to 根据 According to the article，environmental pollution has been taken under control. 9.take…into account=take…into consideration 把…考虑在内 I hope my teacher will take into account my illness when he grades our test paper. Account 描述 She gave an account of what he saw in China. 10.accuse ** of sth = charge ** with（for）sth 指责…做了…；指控…犯了… He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in gail. His mother charged him with being lazy. 11.be accustomed to = be used to 习惯于后接sth 或doing sth used to 过去有过去常常后接do sth Mr. Smith is not used/accustomed to driving on the right. I'm already used to the life here. There used to be a house near the river. He used to get up while he was in the middle school. 12.achieve 获得，达到 You will achieve nothing if you waste your time this way. 13.adapt=adjust 适应~ adopt 收养；采用 You should adapt to college life as soon as possible. He adjusted himself very quickly to the weather in the country. 14.add to 增添add up to 总计达 15.in addition（to）=besides 此外 In order to master a foreign language，we should learn some grammar. In addition，we'd better learn some words. 16.adequate=enough
2018年北京专升本英语真题及答案
2018年北京高职升本科招生统一考试 英语试卷 本试卷共8页，共100分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or works from the 4 choices marked A.,B.,C. and D. then you should write the letter in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet. 1. —All the streets are wet. —Yes, didn’t you know? _______ for 20 minutes. A. It’s raining B. It’s been raining C. It was raining D. It had rained 2. Here’s your money—if I were you, I__________ it in the bank right now. A. put B. have put C. would put D. should have put 3. ________in 1896, Thomson School is proud of its excellent reputation. A. Establish B. Establishing C. Established D. To establish 4. I believe his design is ________, for it’s completely different from others ’. A. common B. original C. practical D. reliable 5. Being curious, working hard, and believing in____________ was true made Jenny a success. A. what B. that C. which D. whether 6. The painters say that _________ the downstairs rooms by Wednesday afternoon. A. They’ll finish B. they’ve finished C. they’re going to finish D. they’ll have finished 7. I am sick of all the quarreling among politicians who____________ be concentrating on vital issues. A. could B. must C. might D. should 8. The new law will have a great effect___________ the lives of most people. A. about B. in C. on D. of 9. More and more people are coming to appreciate the contribution______________ these talents make to our society. A. which B. where C. when D. whom 10. If you travel frequently, find an agency that will change one foreign currency directly into__________ . A. others B. another C. the other D. one another 11. The expression on her face suggested that she_____________ glad to go shopping with me. A. was B. is C. will be D. should be 12. Weather_________ , we will go boating this afternoon. A. to permit B. permit C. permitted D. permitting 13. All parents worry about_____ their children are getting enough of the right foods. A. how B. when C. whether D. where 14.The quickest way was to use the car. It was a risk_____________ he decided it had to be taken. A. and B. but C. for D. or 15.We are said__________ in the Digital Age. A. living B. lived C. to have lived D. to be living
专升本考试英语-单选题答题技巧
成考专升本考试英语单选题答题技巧，看了绝对拿高分 做选择题时，最头痛的是在经过筛选只剩下两个选项时，模棱两可，似是而非。那么如何在考试时间内迅速高效选出正确答案，是所有同学都要重视的问题 今天智睿乐德郑老师分享一篇专升本英语选择题作答干货，希望能够帮到大家。 一、单选的解题方法 1．直接法 直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法。例： --Will you come to the net bars(网吧)with me﹖ --Sorry．My mother always tells me______ there． A．not go B．go C．not to go D．to go 根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式，即tell sb．not to do sth．，故此题应选C。 2．关键词法 许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词key words。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口，例：--He hardly hurt himself in the accident，______ ﹖ A．doesn＇t he B．didn＇t he C．did he D．does he 该题中hardly与hurt是起关键词作用的。凡陈述部分含有hardly，never，little，few 等否定意义的词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式；而hurt一词的过去式与原形相同，此处hurt 未加s，应为过去式。因此本题答案C是正确的。 3.记准固定搭配 My cousin and I often ______ on Sundays. A. play football B. play the football C. plays the football D. plays football 在本题中，play football是固定短语，play和球类之间没有任何冠词，所以B和C 同时被排除了。主语是my cousin and I，所以play不加s，D也被排除了。只剩下A是准确答案了。 4.牢记动词的固定用法 I like_______very much and I’d like ______with my friends this afternoon. A. swimming；to swim B. to swim；swimming C. swimming；swimming D swim；to swim 在本题中，考查了两个固定短语，前者是like doing，后者是would like to do，分辨清楚这两个短语结构，就能准确选出A。 5.准确判断所需词性
专升本英语复习资料一
专升本英语复习资料一 1. have the ability to do能够做，有能力做…: eg. He has the ability to make very good boat. enable sb to do使…能做…: eg. Internet has enabled us to get information from all over the world. be capable of能够做…: eg. He is capable of drawing oil painting. be able to do能做…… eg. He is able to read and write in English. 2. absent 反义词: present absentminded 心不在焉的 3. abroad国外, 海外: live ~ go ~ eg. Many young people are eager to go abroad to study. 4. access: 入口, 途径; 机会, 权利have/get access to sth eg. Citizens in the town all have access to the books in the local（当地的）library. 5. absorb 吸收be absorbed in全神贯注于… eg. All the students are absorbed in Professor’s lecture on China’s economy. 6. accept接受receive收到（不一定接受） eg. She received a gift from him, but she didn’t accept it. 7. by accident=by chance 偶然地on purpose 故意地 8. according to 根据= in accordance with eg. According to the article, environmental pollution has been taken under control. 9. t ake… into account = take… into consideration 把…考虑在内 eg. I hope my teacher will take into account my illness when he grades our test paper. account 描述 eg. She gave an account of what he saw in China. 10. accuse sb of sth = charge sb with(for) sth 指责… 做了…；指控… 犯了… blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人 eg. He was accused of robbing the bank and sentenced ten years in jail. eg. His mother charged him with being lazy. 11. be accustomed to = be used to 习惯于, 后接sth或doing sth used to 过去有; 过去常常; 后接do sth eg. Mr. Smith is not used / accustomed to driving on the right. eg. I’m already used to the life he re. eg. There used to be a house near the river. eg. He used to get up early while he was in the middle school. 12. achieve 获得, 达到 eg. You will achieve nothing if you waste your time this way.
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专升本英翻汉 具体技巧 剖析 技巧一:语词搭配 某些动词,在汉语中只能用于人。而英语中既可以用于人,又可用于物。所以,汉译时要符合汉语搭配习惯。比如 see 或 witness。 1949 saw the founding of the People’s Republic of China. 1. Dusk found her crying at a corner of this street. 黄昏时,有人看见她在街上的一个拐角处哭泣。 2. His name escapes me for the moment. 我一时记不起他的名字。 技巧二:语词的引申 翻译中的引申,指的是在语言转换时,为适应译文表意或行文的需要,在原词或词组基本意思的基础上,对词义进行符合逻辑的调整或变动。翻译实践中常见的有:具体化、抽象化、逻辑化引申。 3. The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前面的那辆车停住了,我错过了可通行时间。 4. Please don’t wake a sleeping dog. 请不要惹是生非。
5. Don’t waste t ime on self-congratulation; there is still work to do. 不要因为沾沾自喜而浪费时间;还有工作要做呢。 技巧三:语词的增译和省译 6. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃点东西,喝点酒,因为他疲惫不堪了。 用增词法试着翻译: 1. 累得我走不动了。 2. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 1. It makes me so tired that I can’t walk any more. 2. While/Where there is life, there is hope. 7. As she sat down and began talking, words poured out. 她一坐下来就讲开了,滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 8. I could have skinned Rupert in front of the whole audience. 我真恨不得当着听众的面剥了鲁伯特的皮。 9. The doctor put the baby in her arms. She kissed it on the forehead. 医生将婴儿放到她怀里,吻了吻孩子的前额。 A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
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