(整理)高考真题答案与解析

2005年3月年高口真题答案与解析

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST

PartA: Spot Dictation

【答案】

1. spent talking 1. works of subordinates and their superiors

2. 1/3 and 90% 2. five universal rules

3.Working relationships 13. Respect the other’s privacy

4. informal contacts 18. in confidence with

5. cooperation at work 15. favors or compliments

6. job satisfaction and well-being 28. nobody breaks these rules

7. as general markers 29. good social skills

8. Through interviews with 30. never or hardly ever

9. ask others to rate 31. monitor their reactions

10. relationships with spouses 20. look quite frequently at the person

Part B: Listening Comprehension

Questions 1 to 5

【原文】

M: Yes, talking about illnesses, I’m quite surprised to see that in the UK, illnesses are very different from those in Algeria, to some extent. For instance, in the UK people seem to

suffer from heart disease and stress quite a lot, whereas in Algeria, they seem to suffer from bowel problems more often than in Britain by the sound of it. The reason for the being, I think, is diet, is connected with diet, in the way people eat. In Algeria, they tend to eat hot, spicy food, peppery things, very hot things, which I can’t take myself. But the tendency is to

eat hot food, and it seems to result in that. If you look at the pace of life in Algeria and in Britain, you’d find that this explains quite a bit of differences in terms of illnesses. In Algeria, people I think, lead a much slower pace, because life is less hectic, less industrial

for a start. And so they don’t tend to get this type of il lnesses that are related to stress, such

as heart attacks.

W: Do you get … What else do you get here? You get quite a bit of cancer.

M: Cancer? Well, cancer exists there as well. But I think it’s more frequent in Britain than it is there. The reason for it, I think, is mainly to do with pollution, the levels of pollution that Britain has. It goes again with industry, and of course, stress. Algeria is slightly developed in the north, and that’s where we record, I think, I’m not an expert in the matter, most cancers, whereas the south is pretty healthy. So there is that kind of illness that is recorded there, but

not very frequent. Other types of illnesses that people suffer from, especially young children here is asthma. There’s a lot of asthma. When it comes to other types of illnesses, like psychological disturbances and psychiatric related problems, it appears to me that in Britain people are more mad than in Algeria.

W: Really?

M: It seems to be so. In the sense that less people go to the psychiatrist in Algeria than here. Is it a fashion? Is it a true reflection of the state of the society? I’m not sure.

W: Are there more psychiatrists here?

M: Oh, far more psychiatrist here than in Algeria. Yes. And people in Algeria would resort to a

psychiatrist almost as a last resort for mental illnesses. They tend to rely on the family, because the family structure is again very different from that one in Britain.

W: Much stronger.

M: It’s much stronger. So the family would tend to support, or even hide, in some cases, they’re mentally ill. And try to help them within the family, often by ignoring their illness. Saying

you are normal, therefore behave normally. And that’s what expected from you. And it

seems to work. But when you move away from these cases or psychological problems, you

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end up… you fall into the category of normal medicine. Like, if you have a broken limb,

you end up in hospital. And you find hundreds of people with broken limbs being treated the same way as they would be treated in Britain. Really. 99% of the cases will be treated the same way as in Britain. Yes, perhaps one thing to mention is that people use herbal medicine,

or used to use herbal medicine more than in Britain. But I think now Britain uses it quite a

lot as well.

W:Well, it certainly has developed, yes.

M: It has developed, hasn’t it? The recipes may differ. People there, you know, they all seem to have their secret recipes coming down from their granny, whatever. But if you analyze them, you’d find that the same ingredients for the same cures come and crop up in the books of herbal medicine.

【大意】本文有关阿尔及利亚和英国医疗情况的对比，及导致各种区别的原因。得出的结论是，工业的发展与人们所患的疾病密切相关。同时，文化的差异也使不同国家

的人们对病人及治病手段持有不同态度。

【解析】

1. What are the man and the woman mainly talking about?

答案为C）。文章在第一句话就开宗明义，点明题旨，talking about illnesses。

2. According to the conversation, there are several factors which can explain why people contract different illnesses. Which of the following is not one of these factors?

答案为D）。本题为正题反问。人们患上不同疾病的原因分散在各个段落中。听力时需注意the reason, explain 等解释性的词汇。

3. In which part of Algeria do people record most cases of cancer?

答案为D）。文章中只提到南方及北方，干扰性不强。但作者使用了插入语，如that’s where we record, I think, I’m not an expert in the matter，需留心插入语前后意思的连贯。

4. What would people in Algeria tend to do for mental illnesses?

答案为B）。考点非常具体，阿尔及利亚人如何治疗精神疾病。与之相关的词汇包括psychological problems 或psychiatric disorders。听力时需将阿尔及利亚人对精神疾病的治疗方法和对普通疾病的治疗方法区别开来。

5. If you have a broken limb in Algeria, how would you be treated?

答案为A）。本题难度不大。但由于治疗断肢与使用草药两部分联系太紧，间隔不明显，导致考生容易误判。

Questions 6 to 10

【原文】

Jerusalem

US Secretary of State Collin Powell yesterday called for an end to violence, and asked Israel and Palestinians to facilitate Palestinian elections as he sought to revive a long dormant US

peace-making role. Powell, on his first visit to Israel and West Bank in 18 months, met Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, and was to hold talks later with Palestinians leaders, who have taken interim control following President Yasser Arafat’s death on November 11th. Powell said Israeli leaders told him yesterday that Israel would cooperate and coordinate with the

Palestinians over the presidential election they plan to hold in January. Israeli foreign minister Sylvan Shalom, at a news conference with Powell, said Israel would do everything in its power to ensure smooth the running of the January 9th ballot to choose a successor to Arafat.

New Orleans

More than 60 countries agree to ban the killing of sharks for their fins in the Atlantic Ocean, a move that conservationists hope will increase protection of the threatened species around the world. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, ICCAT, drew up the agreement at its annual meeting being held in New Orleans on Sunday. The agreement bans the practice known as shark finning, in which fish ermen slice off a shark’s fin and throw the

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carcass overboard, leading room for more fins. Shark fins are delicacy in Asian countries, and command high prices. Shark fin soup sells for more than 100 US dollars in Singapore, according toWild Aid, an environmental group.

Colombo

Pakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said yesterday that his visit to India this week will improve the atmosphere of relations between the two long time rivals, but warned against expectations for a breakthrough. Aziz, speaking in Colombo during a South Asia tour, said his trip to New Delhi, which begins today, was part of Pakistan’s commitment to peaceful relations with its neighbors, including India. “My visit should not be viewed as a transactional process, but as an ongoing pr ocess.”Aziz told a group of businessmen and journalists at the end of his two-day-tour of Sri Lanka.

Munich

Germany, the world’s 3rd biggest economy, can no longer rely on exports to fuel domestic spending, prompting economists to cut their growth forecast for next year to as low as 1%. A

year long export bloom ended in the 3rd quarter, and investment and spending did not rise enough to make up the difference, dragging the pace of growth to the slowest in more than a year. Investment in Germany is weakening as companies including Volkswagen AG, Europe’s biggest car maker, use their profits to build factories and hire outside their home market. “The link between exports, investment and consumption is getting weaker,” said Hans-Werner Sear, president of the Mu nich based IFO Institute, who coined the term “bazaar economy”to describe the transfer of large parts of Germany’s Industrial production to lower wage economies. “I’m afraid the period of stagnation will continue for some years to come.”

Tokyo

Nissan Motor Corporation, Japan’s second biggest car maker, said total vehicle sales in the United States next year may be similar to 2004, even as the price of petrol rises and growth slows in the world’s largest economy. “Sales will probably reach 17 million vehicle s in the United States, the world’s largest auto market next year, compared with an estimated 16.9 million units this year, as auto makers release new models and increase incentives,”said Nissan executive vice president Norio Matsumira in an interview in Tokyo. Last year, 16.67 million vehicles were sold in the United States, according to Auto Data.

【解析】

6. Which of the following statements is true about US Secretary of State Collin Powell’s visit to the Middle East?

答案为B）。此题涉及巴以冲突，为高级口译新闻部分常考内容。巴以问题于2000 年大卫营会谈后陷入僵局，致2004 年阿拉法特逝世，美国在巴以问题上一直发挥不了大的作用。阿拉法特逝世后，巴勒斯坦进行选举，推出新的领导人。到目前为止，巴以问题仍然是中东无法解决的问题之一。本则新闻考点为facilitate 一词，意为促进，推动，与B）选项中contribute to the smooth running 意思吻合，因此为正确答案。

7. What agreement did the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas reach at its annual meeting?

答案为C）。考点在新闻第一句话。达成此项协议的目的在于加强保护濒危动物。然而加强保护濒危动物毕竟不是协议的内容。干扰处为词组a move that，相似词组有a note of, an indication to, a signal of 等等。

8. What did Pakistani Prime Minister say before his visit to India?

答案为C）。印巴冲突也是高级口译常考内容。到目前为止，印巴问题虽有缓和，但仍未出现决定性的转机。印巴领导人虽时有互访，但都只是试探性的举动。因此此题A）、D）项都是错误的。

9. According to the report, what prompts economists to cut their growth forecast for German economy next year?

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答案为B）。考点出现在新闻第一句。注意为fuel 一词，本意是“为… 添加燃料”，引申意为“刺激… 的发展”。

10. What will total vehicle sales in the United States probably reach next year?

答案为D）。对数字的考察。新闻中共出现三个数字，去年为16.67 million，今年为16.9 million，明年为17 million。

Questions 11 to 15

【原文】

W: Forget drink and drug abuse. Rock stars now face a new hazard, voice abuse. After last week’s announcement that Genesis singer Phil Collins might give up touring because live concerts are ruining his voice, doctors are counseling stars about the dos and don’ts of voice care. Here in the studio with us today, we have Mr. Paul Philips. Mr. Philips is a consultant laryngologist at the Highfield Hospital, London, and counts many pop and rock stars among

his clients. Mr. Philips, what advice would you give to singers facing voice problems?

M: If pop singers have got voice problems, they really need to be more selective about where they work. They shouldn’t work in smoky atmospheres and of course, they shouldn’t smoke themselves. They also need to think about resting their voices after a show. For instance,

they should rest their voices instead of straining them at parties or chatting to friends. Something else they need to be careful about is medicines, aspirin, for example. Singer should avoid aspirin. It thins the blood. And if a singer coughs, this can result in the bruising

of the vocal cords.

W: And, is it true that some singers use steroids before concerts to boost their voices when they have voice problems?

M: Yes, this does happen on occasions. They’re easily available on the Continent. And they’re useful if the singer has inflamed vocal cords an d has to sing that night. But if they’re taken regularly and long term, they cause a thinning of the voice muscle. Most pop singers suffer from three things: lack of training, overuse and abuse of the voice, especially when they are young. They had difficult lives. When they go on tour, they do a vast number of concerts,

sing in smoke-laden places, and they go after the next gig in an air-conditioned bus or on a plane. Now both of these have low humidity, and this damages the vocal cords. Then they’re expected to do very long tours, three months or so. No opera singer would ever dream of doing a tour that long. And they abuse their voices by forcing them so as to be heard over background noise.

W: So what advice would you give to rock and pop singers?

M:Warm your voice up before a show, and warm it down after.

W: So, whereas late parties, pill-popping and cigarettes used to be derigueur for pop and rock stars, they’re now recommended to warm up their voices before a concert, and go straight

home to bed with a cup of nice, hot coco after.

【大意】本文探讨“歌手如何保护嗓音”的问题。话题略显生僻。一般认为，歌手的嗓音受到药物，烟雾等外部原因的损害。本文中的专家则认为，要保护好自己的嗓音，

歌手在演出前需要warm up，在演出后需要warm down。一些专业词汇，如laryngologist, vocal chord, steroid 等也是本文的难点。

【解析】

11. What’s the main topic of this interview?

答案为D）。文章开宗明义提到voice abuse。abuse 意为滥用，乱用，对应voice problems。

12. Who is Mr. Paul Philips?

答案为A）。文章对Mr. Paul Philips 的身份有清晰的介绍。对于考生来说，若laryngologist 一词是生词，则需根据该词的发音判断出正确答案。

13. Which of the following statements is true according to the interview?

答案为B）。文章提到，歌手们应当注意自己打工作环境，同时小心使用阿斯匹林之类的179

药物，因为药物会稀释血液。如果歌手咳嗽，则会导致声带瘀伤。如果歌手服用steroid（类固醇），则会损害发声肌肉。另一方面，流行歌手经常要开巡回演唱会，声带没有得到适当的休息，过度疲劳，也会受到损害。剧院歌手则不同，他们不需要长途跋涉，举办一场耗时两到三小时的演唱会。综合看来，只有B）选项是正确答案。

14. Which of the following things do most pop singers not suffer from?

答案为D）。原文为Most pop singers suffer from three things: lack of training, overuse and abuse of the voice, especially when they are young。

15. According to the interview, which of the following factors is good for the voice?

答案为C）。A）、B)、D）三个选项都会损害声带，只有C）选项是正确答案。Questions 16 to 20

【原文】

We live in a society increasingly obsessed with material success. We’re exhorted to get on,

get ahead, or make it to the top. If you don’t prosper, it’s easy to feel like a flop, that you’ve wasted your life, and failed your family. But is such success open to all? Do we all have the potential to be millionaires? And can success be taught? What can we learn from those who do make it to the top?

Becoming a millionaire is a surprisingly haphazard affair. At school, we’re told that if we

work hard and pass exams, we will do well. But a recent study by Professor Kerry Cooper of the University of Manchester refutes this advice. When he studied the lives of successful entrepreneurs, he found that nearly 60% left school early, either because they were thrown out or were bored. Other studies suggest there is little correlation between how well children do at school and the salary and job satisfaction they achieve as adults. The most certain route to riches is to start out wealthy. Over half the people in the most recent Sunday Time’s survey of the richest 200 people in the country inherited money. 25% of those who head large corporations were born into affluent families.

If you’re not born wealthy, you may be able to capitalize on another advantage --- good

looks. Good looks make early life easier. Teachers and other children will expect you to be kinder, cleverer, and to do better than plainer peers, explains Dr. Raymond Bow of Portsmouth University, expert on the effects of facial appearance. Being tall is also an advantage. Other qualities being equal, employers are more likely to select taller and more attractive people. However, unless you want to work with children, it can be a handicap having too pretty a baby face. You’re likely to be regarded as kind, but not very efficient. You may fare better by taking to crime. Juries are far more likely to acquit you.

In a new book, Business Elites, Profess Cooper compares a number of successful

entrepreneurs with people Cooper calls “intrapreneurs”. He define s intrapreneurs as those who rise through the ranks to the top of large corporations. Cooper found major differences between the two groups. Intrapreneurs tended to be the kids everyone thought would do well. Over half went to university. They’re good orga nizers, and get on well with people. But the entrepreneurs often had early reputations as trouble makers. They probably left school early, had several business disasters, and are of awkward personalities. They’re also intuitive and very determined. The most dramatic difference between entrepreneurs and corporation highfliers was that only 5% of Cooper’s entrepreneurs had both parents present throughout childhood, compared with 91%

of the intrapreneurs. In some cases, the parent had died. In others, they had been absent for long periods. Coping with disaster early in life appears to give people vital resilience later on, suggests Cooper.

But even if you’re born poor and ugly, to parents who refuse to absent themselves from you, there’s still plenty you can do to influence your chance of success. A range of courses and

self-help manuals are available to help you forge your way to the top. Go into any large bookshop, and you’ll find a section with title such as The Magic of Thinking Big, or Riches While You Sleep. There’s even a magazine called Personal Success, filled with ads for courses 180

that will unleash the power within, or transform your thinking, behavior, and relationships. Successful people, says Breen, an organizational consultant, are the ones who, when something doesn’t work, try something else. Unsuccessful people keep on doing the same thing, only harder.

【大意】本文提出了两个概念，entrepreneur（企业家）与intrapreneur（准企业家），探讨“如何才能成功”这个已被广泛讨论的问题。最后得出的结论是：成功的企业家

通常有苦难的童年；成功的准企业家通常有出色的外表。如果两者皆无，就要读

书自助了。

【解析】

16. Wha t’s the speaker mainly talking about?

答案为C）。文章用几个排比的问题来点出主题，“如何才能成功”。注意不要受第一句话干扰选择B）。

17. According to the passage, what’s the most certain route to riches?

答案为B）。原文为The most certain route to riches is to start out wealthy。

18. What’s the definition of an“intrapreneur”given by Professor Cooper?

答案为A）。原文为He defines intrapreneurs as those who rise through the ranks to the top of large corporations。Intrapreneur 的概念在文章倒数第二段才出现。在此之前作者讨论了成为一个成功人士必备的条件。听力时需将这些条件和“准企业家”的定义区别开来。19. What’s the most dramatic diffe rence between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs?

答案为D）。原文为The most dramatic difference between entrepreneurs and corporation high fliers, was that only 5% of Cooper’s entrepreneurs had both parents present throughout childhood, compared with 91% of the intrapreneurs。文章还提到了intrapreneur 和entrepreneur 其他方面的区别，包括性格上的，经历上的等等。但是问题非常具体，即：两者之间最显著的差别是什么？

20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is not true?

答案为C）。从全文看来，intrapreneur 和entrepreneur 最大的区别就是父母是否双全。根据文章，缺少亲情，艰苦的童年反而可以助人成功，这虽然和The most certain route to riches is to start out wealthy 略显矛盾，但却是文章最后得出的结论。因此选择C）。

SECTION 2: READING TEST

Questions 1~5

【概要】

本文讨论了在公园中是否应该使用手机的问题。第一、二段通过一个具体的例子，说

明目前公园中建设手机信号中转站，使用手机的情况。第三段进一步说明人们对于这种现象的反应：反对有之、支持有之。第四、五段提供了正方双方观点的交锋：正方强调手机在紧急情况下的作用，反对者坚称那不过是个借口而已。第六段介绍了相关法案（比如1996 年电信法案）的影响。第七段预测了不久的将来，事态会有什么发展。

【解析】

1. 答案为C）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为last，答案出处为第一段。选项D）具有很大的迷惑性，它的错误在于过度概括。选项C）、D）都和文章的主题――是否应该在

公园使用手机无关。

2. 答案为B）。词义句意题。确定题干关键词为ire。答案出处为第三段。similarly 等词提示读者，第三段仍然是第一、二段内容的延续：在公园使用手机让人心烦。

3. 答案为A）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为A1 Nash。答案出处为第三、五段。Safety 告诉我们说话者持的是肯定态度，而可供选择的A）和D）两个选项中，选项D）很

容易被排除，因为它跟主题毫无关联。

4. 答案为D）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为Brian Goemmer。答案出处为第四、五段。181

既然说话者是手机紧急救助相关负责人，他当然支持公园中可以使用手机。比较几个

选项很容易找出答案选项D）。

5. 答案为D）。事实细节题。确定题干关键词为Telecommunications Act。答案出处为第六段。既然1996 年的法案是policy 之一，当然选项D）是最贴切的选项，因为它只不过

是它原句重新解释了一下而已。选项A）有一定的迷惑性，它的错误在于完全等同了

1996 年法案与其他法案政策。

【难点】

1. last：本词与主题紧密相关。理解了这个词，整个文章的线索立刻就会很清楚：有些人

不喜欢有人在公园使用手机。

Questions 6~10

【概要】

本文讨论了对基因处理改变人类行为的问题。第一段提出，对某种基因的改变能够改

变人类行为。第二、三段介绍了动物试验以及改变基因对人类工作态度的可能改变。第四段提出了科学家的观点：尽管目前研究还不完善，但改变基因的手段不久将积极影响人类。第五段提供了人们对于该项研究开展的工作。

【解析】

6. 答案为A）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为Aldous Huxley。答案出处为第一、四段。Complaint creatures 和slaves 告诉我们选项A）是合适的选项，although 一词帮助我们

肯定自己的判断：although 前后的句意应该是相反的。

7. 答案为A）。事实细节题。确定题干关键词purpose。答案出处为第一段。选项A）仅仅

是简单的语意重述。

8. 答案为D）。事实细节题。确定题干关键词为gene D2。答案出处为第一、二、三、四段。选项D）很容易被选出，因为它跟主题――改变基因是为了治疗精神疾病，而并不是

为了提高人的智能――毫无关联。

9. 答案为B）。词义句义题。确定题干关键词为Barry Ruichmond。答案出处为第四段。选项A）与主题无关。选项C）原文未提及。选项D）与Barry Richmond 作为支持者的

逻辑相反。

10. 答案是B）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为conclude、Yuri Verlinksky。选项A）、C）、D）均为贬义，而Yuri Verlinksky 是类似研究的参与者。

【难点】

1. manipulate：manipulate 一词反复出现，意为“处理”。

Questions 11~15

【概要】

本文介绍了一种新的广告形式――互动游戏广告。第一段通过三菱汽车的例子，说明

互动游戏广告的巨大影响力。第二段提出互动游戏广告区别于传统广告。第三段提供了几个运用互动游戏广告的公司实例。第四段说明了互动游戏广告的巨大优势所在。第五段是互动游戏在军方征兵中的运用。

【解析】

11. 答案为B）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为show。答案出处为全文。选项A）不正确，因为它仅仅是作者在文章开始引出主题的一个例子而已。这是英语文章很常见的

一种写作手法。选项B）提出了全文的中心――前所未有的互动游戏广告。选项C）

明显跟全文的主题无关：文章跟运动车的开发毫无关联。选项D）把文章的中心扩大

化了，因为文章只不过是介绍了一种，而不是多种公众媒体形式和手段。

12. 答案为A）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词DanFergeson。答案出处为第二、三段。选项A）正好跟全文的中心相符。选项B）属于过度概括：文章的第二段并非强调这种

新型广告的有效性，而是提出一种不同于传统手段的广告。判断选项C）错误的关键

182

在于对于advertisement 一词的理解。选项D）错误地把customers 作为文章探讨的主

题对象。

13. 答案为C）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为Casey Wardynski。答案出处在第五段。选项A）错误，因为作者通篇想说明的都是互动游戏广告的问题，而非谈论传统广告

如何，更不可能提及以往广告形式的好处。选项B）偏移了全文的中心，文章第五段

同第一段一样，只不是是个例子，说明互动游戏广告的有效性。选项D）把传统的广

告与互动游戏广告相提并论，很明显是不正确的。

14. 答案为D）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为ending paragraph，选项D）误解了原文的主旨。互动游戏广告确实很有效，但并不能完全否定传统的广告形式。

15. 答案是C）。主旨大意题。确定题干关键词为summary, main idea。选项A）偏移了文章的中心。因为advergame 仅仅是原文中一段内容而已。选项B）更是具体说明了advergame 的一个优势。选项D）错把一个例子当成全文的中心。实际上，文章中的

例子往往是为了引出文章的中心而已。

Questions 16~20

【概要】

本文介绍了星期天的历史发展。第一段介绍了星期天一直都不同寻常。第二段提出，

星期天实际上就是休息日。第三段指出：现在的周日活动较以前丰富多了。第四段介绍了星期天作为休息日的一个插曲。第五段提出，很多人都想恢复原来过星期日的方式。第六段指出，现在人对于如何度过星期日是左右为难。

【解析】

16. 答案为C）。事实细节题。确定题干关键词为blue。答案出处为第二段。根据第二段中

a gift as much as a duty 这个对比，再结合第二段后半部分星期天的演化，可以得出选

项C）正确。

17. 答案为A）。事实细节题。确定题干关键词为support。答案出处为第二段。根据第二段的中心――星期天实际上就是娱乐休息的日子，可以排除选项A），因为它与改段

中心相悖。

18. 答案为A）。结论推断题。确定题干关键词为author。答案出处为第四段。从作者使用的词汇may, want, need 可以看出作者客观的立场和语气。

19. 答案为D）。结论推断题。确定提干关键词为attitude, evolution of Sunday activities。答案出处为第四段乃至全文。解决了第18 题后，19 题也就迎刃而解了。因为它同样是

评价作者观点倾向的题目。

20. 答案是C）。主旨大意题。确定题干关键词为main idea。答案出处为全文。选项A）、D）过于片面。选项B）的侧重点inevitable and necessary 不正确。

【难点】

1. blue laws：在美国历史上，一种禁止在星期日进行某些非宗教性活动的律条。SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST

【主题点睛】

买地、卖地，受益的是法国人、美国人，受苦的是海地人。

本篇原文两段，第一段指出路易斯安那交易使美国人获益非浅；第二段述说了海地人

民所遭受的巨大痛苦。

【翻译解析】

1. Broke after its Haitian defeat, France sold a large region to the U.S. for $15 million.

1）关于拆译技巧

英语句子往往含有多个层次，汉译时可以断开，拆成中文的几个小句。拆句时，首先

应考虑英语句子的深层结构，并以此作为拆句的依据。从本句看，存在着三个深层结构：183

Broke，after its Haitian defeat 和France sold a large region to the U.S. for $15 million，因此，应该译为三个汉语小句。

2）关于四字词组

在参考译文中，broke (adj 破了产的；分文不名的) 译为“财力上捉襟见肘”，其中“捉襟见肘”为四字词组。在英译汉时适当地运用四字词组可以提高译文质量。

2. Napoleon would not have sold his claims except for the courage and obstinate resistance of Haitian inhabitants.

1）关于except for

本句参考译文为：要不是海地人民高昂的士气和顽强的抵抗使拿破仑头痛不已，他是

不会卖掉自己手中的领地的。

except for 一般用于排除否定句。如果一个句子中有两个部分，一部分被肯定，另一部

分就被否定；反之亦然，这样的句子就称为排除否定句。例如：

The composition is not bad except for the spelling mistakes.

除了一些拼写错误之外，整篇文章写得不错。

except for 作为介词词组还可用于虚拟条件句，后接名词或名词词组，解释“要不是”，相当于but for。例如：

“Except for one old lady, the bus would be empty.”

要不是坐了一位老太太，公共汽车就是空的。

3. Meanwhile, Haiti, burdened by its post-independence isolation and the 100 million francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition, began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency, resulting in a 19-year U.S. occupation and two subsequent interventions in the past 100 years.

1）关于英文树型结构

英文善于运用树形结构来表达一连串的意思, 树形结构中的主干部分表达主要意思,

枝叶部分表达次要意思。本句中Haiti began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency 是主干，表达了句子的主要意思；其余部分是枝叶部分，表达了次要的含义。比如，过去分词短语burdened by its post-independence isolation and the 100 million francs in payment it was forced to give France for official recognition 表达了Haiti began its perilous slide toward turmoil and dependency 的原因。译成汉语后，应该运用先因后果的原则调整先后顺序，不一定要用“因为，所以”这一类词。因为中文习惯于采用意合法来表达此类逻辑关系。4. Given a fair chance, Haiti could have flourished and prospered.

1）关于given句型

given后接名词或名词词组，可以用于表达条件，代替条件状语从句。例如：

Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening.

要是天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。

I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance.

如果有机会,我就到纽约来看你。

由上例可见，given既可用于真实条件句，又可用于虚拟条件句。

【参考译文】

美国周边的殖民地争端使其从中获益匪浅。法国在海地遭遇失败后，财力上捉襟见肘，将一大块地皮以一千五百万美元的代价卖给美国。路易斯安那交易可以算作是有史以来购买者获益最丰厚的地产交易了。要不是海地人民高昂的士气和顽强的抵抗使拿破仑头痛不已，他是不会卖掉自己手中的这块领地的。

美国经过六十年才最终承认海地的独立。而这段时间里，海地承受巨大压力：独立后

孤立无援，加之必须向法国支付一亿法郎以换取法方的正式承认，它开始滑向动荡和丧失主权的危险境地，最终导致美国对其长达十九年的占领和其后一百年中两次的入侵。杰弗逊曾经对美国政治体系可能出现的最坏情况进行过警告，但他那些令人心惊胆战的话语恰184

恰精确地预告了美国身边这个屡遭劫难的邻国所发生的一切：“时代的精神将改变。我们的统治者们将腐朽堕落。我们并没有因为战争的结束而挣脱枷锁，它将继续禁锢我们，而且日益沉重。”海地如果能够得到公平的机会，也许会繁荣兴旺。如果真是这样，今年海地庆祝独立二百周年时，它所戴着的枷锁一定会轻些，少些。

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST

PartA: Note-taking And Gap-filling

【原文】

It is impossible to wear clothes without transmitting social signals. Every costume tells a story, often a very subtle one, about its wearer. Even those people who insist that they despise attention to clothing, and dress as casually as possible, are making quite specific comments on their social roles and their attitudes towards the culture in which they live.

For the majority of people, clothing signals are the result of a single daily event, the act of dressing performed each morning. At the top and bottom of the social scale, this activity may lose its once-a-day frequency, with rich socialites changing several times daily as a matter of course, and poor vagrants sleeping rough in the same clothes they wear by day. Between these two extremes, the once-a-day routine is usually only broken for the dawning of specialized clothing. The man who gets dirty wears working clothes. The sportsman wears high-activity clothes, People attending special ceremonies, weddings, funerals, garden parties, dances, festivals, club meetings, formal dinners, change into the appropriate costumes. But although these pursuits mean the doubling of the once a day act of dressing, the change is nearly always from everyday clothes into specialized clothing. The old pattern, in which social rules demanded the changing from morning dress to afternoon dress to evening dress as a matter of regular routine, has now virtually vanished.

The modern trend in dressing behavior is usually referred to as one of increased informality. But this is misleading. In reality, there is no loss of formality, merely the exchange of old formalities for new. The wearing of a pair of jeans by a young male today is as much of a formality as was the wearing of a top hat by his equivalent in the previous epic. He may feel that he is free to wear anything he pleases, and is rid at last of the suffocating rules of costume etiquette that once dominated social life. But what he wears is as much a uniform today as the costumes of his predecessors were in earlier times.

The written rules of yesterday may have been scrapped, but they have rapidly been replaced

by the unwritten rules of today. There are many interwoven trends that can be observed in the complex world of clothing signals. Some are long term, lasting for whole decades, while others are short term, surviving only for a season or two. Not all are easy to explain. One of the most mysterious is the relationship between female skirt length and economic conditions. During the