英国文学简史期末考试复习要点资料
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点
一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）
?《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）
?《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )
杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)
“英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry）
《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）
二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）
?托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）
《乌托邦》（Utopia）
?埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）
《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)
?弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）
《论说文集》（Essays)
克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe
?《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）
?《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）
?《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）
威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare ）
《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet） SONNET18
三、17世纪文学
约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton
《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）
?约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）
《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）
四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）
18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。
亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。
?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift
《格列佛
?丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父
《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）
?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding
《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones）
?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift
《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels
?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding
《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones）
托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray
《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard）
五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）
?罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns
?威廉·布莱克 William Blake
?威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth
?塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge
《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）
一. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485)
Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.
e.g. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey
Artistic features:
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2514711640.html,ing alliteration
Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound （头韵）
Some examples on P5
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2514711640.html,ing metaphor and understatement
Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas
Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400
(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)
The father of English poetry.
It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
B. Matin Luther
C. William Langland
D. John Gower
writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.
①
first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English
Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)
Famous three：King Arthur
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Beowulf
II The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期文学
（15世纪后期—17世纪初）
A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.
Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.
Two features
1. a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature
2.the keen interest in the activities of humanity.
The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:
(1)to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,
(2)to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,
(3)to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:
1.new discoveries in geography and astrology
2.the religious reformation and economic expansion
3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture
The most famous dramatists:
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
Ben Johnson.
English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century.
1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599
（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey
12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet’s poet”? ( B )
A. Spenser’s idealism
B. his struggle for criteria
C. his love of beauty
D. his exquisite melody
①
The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull loves”.
Artistic features:
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2514711640.html,ing Spenserian Stanza
Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.
②
The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.
2. Thomas More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535
One of the greatest English humanists
①
3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626
（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）
Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.
Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.
①
②
The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.
5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595
“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）
Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
14. Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his “mighty lines” ( D )
A. the Petrarchan sonnet
B. sestina
C. terza rima
D. blank verse
①
②
③
6. William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616
②Four Comedies:
③Four Tragedies:
④Shakespeare Sonnet :154
Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg
A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.
III The 17th Century17世纪文学
1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674
（诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）
①Epics:
②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙
2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688
（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）
Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)
①Religionary Allegory:
3. John Donne
the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人).
Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）
Artistic features:
1.conceits or imagery奇思妙喻
The Flea 虱子
③Valediction:
IV The 18th Century启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）
：Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
A revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感) and accuracy
The Age of Enlightenment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18th century)
小说崛起：In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel现实主义小说)
1. Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744
（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）
As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England....
Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C )
A. John Bunyan
B. Daniel Defoe
C. Alexander Pope
D. Jonathan Swift
①
Artistic features:
https://www.360docs.net/doc/2514711640.html,ing “heroic couplets”
②
③
3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745
（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）
①
Four parts:
Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国
Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛
②
③ 木桶的故事
④
4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731
（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）
He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.
①
It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.
Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.
It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.5. Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁
1707~1754
（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。）
He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
① novels:
7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816
①
②
8. William Blake威廉?布莱克1757~1827
①
A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.
②
A word of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes.
Include:
Lamb is a symbol of peace and purity
Tyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence
9. Robert Burns罗伯特?彭斯1759~1796
The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th century.
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
② 一朵红红的玫瑰
③
④ 不管那一套
⑤
V The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832）
The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
Romanticism:It emphasize the special quality of each individual’s mind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
In it, emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.
Two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).
“The Lake Poets”湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.
William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey
1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850
（与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。 The Lake Poets）
①
②
Theme:1.Nature embodies human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him “strength and knowledge fullof peace”
2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.
Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水仙) and poet’s philosophical ideas and mystical
thoughts.
③Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey
④The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女
②
2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834
The Lake Poets
①
②
③
Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory
④
⑤
⑥
3. George Gordon Byron乔治?戈登?拜伦1788~1824
（拜伦式英雄Byronic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德·哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个“拜伦式英雄”。）
“Byronic hero”is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.
①
4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822
①Poetic Drama：
Theme: the drama celebraies man’s victory over tyranny and oppression
②
③Lyrics:
Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill
come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just
an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.
Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree
that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.
Artistic features:
Using rerza rima(三行诗aba bcb cdc ded efe …)
5. John Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821
(“美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。)
① Four great odes:
②
Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.
Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change.
One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.
6. Jane Austen简?奥斯丁1775~1817
She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory only inches squire.
①
【Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy】in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved
【Collins & Charlotte Lucas】see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood
【Lydia & Wickham】shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.
【Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh】comic characters
题型1.配对（10）2.判断正误（10）3.选择（30）4.术语（20）5材料分析（20）6.问答（10）Ballad(民谣) In m ore exact literary terminology, a ballad is a narrative poem consisting of quatrains of iambic tetrameter alternating with iambic trimeter. Common traits of the ballad are that(a) the beginning is often abrupt ,(b) the story is told through dialogue and action (c) the language is simple or “folksy,” (d) the theme is often tragic---though comic ballads do exist, (e) the ballad contains a refrain repeated several times. The ballad became popular in England in the late 14th century and was adopted by many writers. One of the most important anthologies of ballads is F. J. Child’ s The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. 在更为精确
的文学术语中，民谣指的是抑扬格四音步与抑扬格三音步诗行交替出现的四行叙事诗。民谣的共同特
色包括：（a）诗歌的起首通常十分出其不意。（b）故事通过对话和行为讲述。（c）语言简单，民风
十足。（d）尽管存在喜剧民谣，但大多数民谣的主题具有悲剧意味。（e）民谣通常包含重复多遍的
叠句。民谣这种诗歌形式在14世纪晚期的英格兰十分盛行，从此以后许多作家对其进行模仿创作。历
史上最为知名的民谣集之一为恰尔德收集出版的《英格兰和苏格兰流行歌谣》。
Epic(史诗) A n epic is a long oral narrative poem that operates on a grand scale and deals with legendary or historical events of national or universal significance .Most epics deal with the exploits of a single individual and also interlace the main narrative with myths, legends, folk tales and past events; there is a composite effect, the entire culture of a country cohering in the overall experience of the poem . Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history. 史诗是长篇口头叙事诗，内容广泛，通常以重要
传说或者重大历史事件为题材。大部分的史诗歌颂个人的英雄事迹，同时也在叙述中插入神话、传
说、民间故事以及历史事件；一个民族的整体文化与全诗所讲的经历紧密联系，造成一种复合的效
果。史诗不仅仅是愉悦人的传奇故事或者历史英雄事迹，它们总结以及表达了一个民族在其历史上一
个重要或者关键时期的本质或者理想。
Humanism(人文主义) Broadly, this term suggests any attitude which tends to exalt the human element or stress the importance of human interests, as opposed to the supernatural , divine elements ---or as opposed to the grosser, animal elements.In a more specific sense, humanism suggests a devotion to those studies supposed to promote human culture most effectively----in particular, those dealing with the life,thought, language, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. It proclaimed that man is the most important noble creature in the world; the goal of life is to enjoy oneself in this present world instead of afterlife. According to the humanists ; both man and world are hindered by external checks from infinite improvement. Man could mould the world according to his desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks by the exercise of reason. In literary history the most important use of the term is to designate the revival of classical culture which
accompanied the Renaissance. 这个术语广义上是指一切提升人类因素或重视人类利益，反对超自然的、超人的因素或反对粗野的、动物的因素的态度。更确切地来讲，人文主义意味着投身到最有效地促进人类文化的研究当中——特别涉及到古希腊和罗马的生活、思想、语言和文学的研究。人文主义宣称人是世界上最高贵的动物；生活的目标就是要享受现世的生活而不是期望来世。人文主义学者认为，只有外部阻碍才能阻止人类和世界的无限进步，人类可以根据自己的欲望来改造世界，并且可以通过理智的锻炼驱除外部障碍来获得幸福。文学史中，用到这个术语的最重要时刻是指文艺复兴时期对古典文化的复兴。
Spenserian stanza
A nine-line stanza with the following rhyme scheme: ababbcbcc. The first eight lines are written in iambic pentameter. The ninth line is written in iambic hexameter and is called an Alexandrine. The Spenserian was invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem the Faerie Queene. The Spenserian was also used by Robert Burns, John Keats, and Shelley.
Heroic couplet a rhymed pair of iambic pentameter lines:
Named from its use by Dryden and others in the heroic drama of the late 17th century,the heroic couplet had been established much earlier by Chaucer as a major English verse-form for narrative and other kinds of non-dramatic portry: it dominated English poetry of the 18th century,notably in the couplets of Pope,before declining in importance in the early 19th century.
Soliloquy a dramatic speech uttered by one character speaking aloud while alone on the stage (or while under the impression of being alone).The soliloquist thus reveals his or her inner thoughts and feelings to the audience,either in supposed self-communion or in a consciously direct address. Soliloquies often appear in plays from the age of Shakespeare, notably in his Hamlet and Macbeth. Soliloquy is a form of monologue,but a monologue is not a soliloquy if (as in the dramatic monologue) the speaker is not alone.
Sonnet a lyric poem comprising 14 rhyming lines of equal length:iambic pentameters in
English,alexandrines in French,hendecasyllables in ltalian. The rhyme schemes of the sonnet follow two basic patterns.
The Italian sonnet comprises an 8-line ‘octave’of two quatrains,rhymed abbaabba, followed by a 6-line
‘sestet’ usually rhymed cdecde or cdcdcd.
The English sonnet (also called the Shakespearean sonnet after its foremost practitioner) comprises three quatrains and a final couplet,rhyming ababcdcdefefgg.An important variant of this is the Spenserian sonnet (introduced by the Elizabethan poet Edmund Spenser),which links the three quatrains by rhyme,in the sequence ababbabccdcdee.In either form,the ‘turn’comes with the final couplet,which may sometimes achieve the
neatness of an epigram.
Metaphysical poetry a derogatory term invented by John Dryden(1631-1700 ) and later adopted by Samuel Johnson(1709-1784) describing a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold and ingenious conceits,incongruous imagery,complexity of thought,frequent use of paradox,and often by deliberate harshness
or rigidity of expression.The main themes of metaphysical poets are love,death,and religion.According to them,all things in the universe, no matter how dissimilar they are to each other,are closely unified in God.The chief representative of this school was John Donne.
4.Alliteration
5.The repetition of the beginning accented syllables near to each other with the same
consonantal sound, as in many idiomatic phrases: “safe and sound”; “thick and thin”; “right as rain”. Alliteration is thus the opposite of rhyme, by which the similar sounds occur at the ends of the syllables.
6.
V Answer the following questions:
1. Briefly comment on the characteristics of Hamlet’s personality.
1. Hamlet is the typical of humanists under the pen of Shakespeare, who is characteristic of the perfection and perseverance in personality embodied in the Renaissance superman. As Ophelia tells us that he had been the ideal Renaissance prince___ a soldier, scholar, courtier, “the glass of fashion and the mold of form.” But since his father died and his mother hastily remarried, there is transition in his character. He was in the state of depression, melancholy and delay of revenging. Why Because he realizes, as a humanist, what his real duty lies in. So he pretended to be mad, melancholy, depressed and slow in action. By large, he is very sensitive, resourceful and has his own ideas, and the essence of his revenging his father is not for himself or for the bloody family feuds and hatred but lies in punishing the social corruptions, the wrongs, praising the good, and setting it right. As humanist himself he is all alone, detaching himself from the mass, which is the major reason why he failed himself.
2. Analyze the main idea and artistic features of Paradise Lost.
a.Theme of Paradise Lost
Paradise Lost is Milto n’s masterpiece. Its story is taken from the Bible, about “the fall of man: that is, how Adam and Eve are tempted by Satan to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and how they are punished by God and driven out of Paradise. In Milton’s words, the purpose of writing the epic is to “justify the ways of God to men”, but apparently with Satan as his mouthpiece, Milton is uttering his intense hatred of tyranny in the capacity of the revolutionary. By depicting Satan and his followers as well as their fiery utterance and brave actions, Milton is showing a Puritan’s revolt against the dictator and against the established doctrines of the Catholic and the Anglican Church.
b. Artistic features:
Milton is not only a revolutionary, but also a glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry. The chief characteristic of the poem is the long, involved and sometimes seemingly interminable sentence structure, so that a passage frequently goes on and on through ten or twenty or even more lines of verse, and the meaning of the whole thing is suspended and not completed, while clause after clause are added to enrich the complexity of thought or to increase the effect of the description, till the end of the sentence comes with the periods, and only then does the reader grasp the full significance of the utterance. The method is usually extremely effective and makes the verse sound, sometimes oratorical and sometimes elaborately logical or picturesque, and this richness of the st yle has frequently been called “Miltonic”.
3Talk about the common features of Romanticism.
The most characteristic features of the works of the romanticism are: (1) their own aspiration and ideals are in sharp contrast to the common, sordid daily life under capitalism; (2) their writing are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic pictures.
Sometimes they restored to symbolic methods, with active romanticists, symbolic pictures represent a vague idea of some future society, while with some of the lake poets, these pictures often take on mystic color. (4) The romantics paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. Personified nature plays an important role in the pages of their works
4Briefly talk about the image of Satan in Paradise Lost.
Satan is created by Milton in the poem as a very brave rebel against authority and tyranny, who loves freedom. Facing god and his powerful army, Satan s till perseveres in his fight against God’s reign. He encourages his followers never to subdue. He is a born leader. Just because of him, he, at last, attempts Eve to eat forbidden fruit so as to defeat God’s control over human beings. In this sense every t hing about Satan really reflects the characteristics of humanists’ ideals. But in the Bible he is a devil, from which we can see something contradicted in Milton’s deep thought of religion. From the creation of the epic Paradise Lost, the two most essentia l things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and republicanism.
材料分析：
1.I wandered lonely as a cloud （William Wordsworth）
2.培根
3.西风颂
4.汉姆雷特
5.SONNET 18
6.弥尔顿
思修期末复习要点
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英国文学简史问答题期末考试复习提纲教学教材
1. How much do you know about the English literature in the Romantic Age? ①The Romantic Age in England was like the Elizabethan Age, distinctively an age of poetry. It was regarded as the second great age in English literary history; for poetry is the highest form of literary expression, and seems to have been most in harmony with the noblest powers of the English genius. The glory of the age is in the poetry of Scott, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelly, Keats, Moore, and Southey； ②Women novelists appeared in this age. It was during this period that women assumed for the first time, an important place in English literature. Mrs. Anne Radcliff was one of the most successful writers of the school of exaggerated romance. Jane Austen offered us her charming descriptions of everyday life in her enduring work her masterpiece----Pride and Prejudice; ③The greatest historical novelist Walter Scott also appeared in this period. His historical novels combine a romantic atmosphere with a realistic description of historical background and common people life. Scott marked the transition from romanticism to the period of realism which followed it; ④Romantic prose was represented by Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey and Hume. Lamb was the best essayist, whose familiar essays are very famous. 3.What are the major features of Dickens’ novels? ①Dickens’ novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. His novels tell much of the unhappy experiences of his own childhood. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation, and criticize the vices of capitalist society. ② The success of Dickens novels also lies in his character-portrayal. Not only are the major characters in his novels very carefully delineated and given distinctive individual characteristics but also his minor figures create in the readers’ mind strong impressions of their personalities. Some of Dickens’characters are really such “typical characters under typical circumstances”that they become proverbial or are representative of a whole group of similar persons. ③Dickens is a great humorist and satirist. His novels are full of humor and satire ④Dickens is not especially known for the construction of plot in his novels. There is in his novels often more than one minor thread of story beside the major one, and these threads are generally very loosely woven together. He seems to love a complicated and involved plot. ⑤In almost every one of Dickens’ novels there is a happy ending, which points to the author’s optimism which is an admirable thing for a critical realist because that means his still has his hopes after seeing the gloomy world all around him and one hand, and as a petty-bourgeois intellectual, could not overstep the limits of his class on the other hand. ⑥Another feature in Dickens’novels is his adroit use of language. On the whole Dickens has a richness of expressions and generally succeeds in using the right words and phrases at the right moments for the right characters to attain the right effects. 12. What are the characteristics of Dickens’ novels?(同第三题)
英美文学考试复习点重点整理
1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P292 2.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？ 3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现) 4.三姐妹指的是？ 5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P303 6.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？ 7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？ 8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P116 9.乌托邦is written in form of ?P33 10.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P50 11.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？ 12.最著名作家：乔叟P19 13.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P5 14.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年
1.John Milton He was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. 2.Romance Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. 3.the Enlightenment It is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, social
最新大学思修期末考试题(含答案)
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西南大学思修期末考试重点知识
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英国文学简史期末考试复习要点 刘炳善版
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
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思修期末考试重点
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英国文学简史期末考试复习要点资料
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点
一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485） ?《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf） ?《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight ) 杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer) “英国诗歌之父”。（Father of English Poetry） 《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales） 二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初） ?托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ） 《乌托邦》（Utopia） ?埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser） 《仙后》（The Faerie Queene) ?弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon） 《论说文集》（Essays) 克里斯托弗·马洛 Christopher Marlowe ?《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine） ?《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus） ?《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta） 威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare ） 《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet） SONNET18 三、17世纪文学 约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton 《失乐园》（Paradise Lost） ?约翰·班扬（John Bunyan） 《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress） 四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期） 18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。新古典主义推崇理性，强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅，追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。 亚历山大·蒲柏（Alexander Pope）是新古典主义诗歌的代表。 ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛 ?丹尼尔·笛福 Daniel Defoe 英国小说之父 《鲁滨孙漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe） ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） ?乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》Gulliver’s Travels ?亨利·菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 《汤姆·琼斯》（Tom Jones） 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray 《墓园哀歌》（Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard） 五、浪漫主义时期文学（1798-1832） ?罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns ?威廉·布莱克 William Blake ?威廉·华兹华斯 William Wordsworth ?塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）
英国文学简史复习资料
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大学一年级思修期末考试试题
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英美文学期末复习
1.Climax is the point at which one opposing force overcomes the other and conflict is resolved. 高潮在这一点上,一个反对力量克服了其他和冲突解决。 2. round character and flat character: flat character is cartoon like, usu. exaggerated. Round character is lifelike, who has both advantages and disadvantages, grows as the plot develops and usu. undergoes some change.一样和平板字符:平淡的角色动画,usu.夸大。圆形人物栩栩如生,谁都有各自的优势和劣势,随着情节发展,usu.经历一些变化。 3. Journey story is also called Picaresque novel, in which there is always a trip, and characters grow and develop along the journey, such as A Journey to the West, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.In this kind of story, there are lots of interesting episodes instead of all-unifying plot旅程的故事也被称为流浪汉小说,总有一个旅行,和人物沿途的成长和发展,比如《西游记》、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。在这样的故事,有很多有趣的情节,而不是all-unifying阴谋 4. Gothic novel is an old genre since 18th century, from which detective story, fantasy story, mystery story derive. 哥特式小说是一个古老的风格自18世纪以来,侦探小说,幻想故事,神秘的故事中。 5. Novels of the soil focus on country life, and usu. more on its hardship than on its pleasure.土壤的小说关注乡村生活,和usu.更困难比快乐。 6. The plot development in a fiction or drama can be divided into five stages: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. 小说或戏剧的情节发展可分为五个阶段:博览会,上行,高潮,下降动作,决议。 7. Essays can be divided into narration, description, exposition, argumentation论文可以分为叙述、描述、博览会、论证 8. American literature can be divided into5 stages:Colonial Period, Reason and revolution, romanticism, realism, modernism美国文学可分为5个阶段:殖民时期,理性和革命浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义 9. Figure of speech: personification treats objects as human beings, which are described with human emotion and action.图的言论:化身把对象作为人类,与人类情感和行为描述。 10. Poetry can be divided into three types: narrative(ballard, epic, etc), dramatic, lyric.诗歌可分为三种类型:叙事(巴拉德、史诗等),戏剧性,抒情。 11. Allegory is a story in which events and human characters represent abstract ideas and teach a moral lesson. While fable is usu. Written for kids, and the characters are often animals.寓言故事的事件和人物代表抽象的概念和给一个道德教训。而寓言一般,为孩子们写的和人物往往是动物。 12. Noah Webster is a lexicographer, who onc e said “America must be as independent in literature as she is in politics, as famous for the arts as for arms.”诺亚·韦伯斯特词典编纂者,曾说过“美国必须像她那样独立的文学在政治、艺术作为武器一样出名。” 13. Washington Irving is the father of American Literature. His style includes entertainment, humor, vivid plot and characters, musical rhythm, historical elements. He wrote Rip V an Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, A History of New York, The Sketch Book华盛顿·欧文是美国文学之父。他的风格包括娱乐、幽默、生动的情节和人物,音乐节奏,历史元素。他写了里普·万·温克尔,无头骑士的传说,纽约的历史素描的书 14. James Cooper is first major frontier novel writer, who starts the tradition of writing western frontier life. His Leatherstocking Tales center around the hunter Natty Bumppo, including Deerslayer, Pathfinder, The Last of Mohicans,