英语阅读新视野第5课
新视野大学英语读写教程(第三版)第二册课文原文及翻译
新视野大学英语第二册读写教程课文翻译Unit 1 Text A An impressive Engli lsesson标题: 一堂难忘的英语课1. 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。
对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。
2. 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。
这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。
我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？” 3.她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” 4. 没了。
所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。
5. 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。
学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're 之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。
由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。
6. 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。
举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。
朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。
实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。
因此，批评学生不合乎清理。
7. 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。
学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。
可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。
还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。
学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架一一准确的语法和恰当的词汇一一充分地传授给学生。
新视野大学英语第三版电子教案Book3unit5
新视野大学英语第三版电子教案Book3unit5当工作是一种乐趣的时候9第1部分9理解和学习概述本单元的主题是工作——个人生活中不可或缺的一部分。
工作可能服务于不同的目的，对不同的人有不同的意义。
正文A认为，通过区分工作、劳动和娱乐，对工作的兴趣和享受对个人和社会都是重要的。
课文B，通过给我们讲一个鞋匠和作者的故事，激发了关于建立一种自豪、自尊和负责任的工作传统的思考。
所有这些要素，如两个文本所示，都不能在仅仅为了钱而做的工作中实现。
关于写作风格，文本A主要是通过对比来发展的，对比被有效地用来逐点突出工人和工人之间的差异。
文本B通过使用第一人称“我”的叙述方式，通过细致的描写和生动的对话，给读者一种身临其境的强烈感觉，达到了极其生动的效果。
为了让学生更好地理解单元主题，培养良好的工作态度，老师应该鼓励发人深省的讨论和活动。
讨论的主题可能包括我们为什么工作，我们如何培养对工作的热爱，我们如何在工作中获得快乐等等。
可能的活动包括同伴访谈、复述课文、问卷调查，以衡量特定职业的快乐程度，并找出如何在工作中获得更大的快乐。
你是工人还是劳工？背景信息1继续教育继续教育是指成人教育，通常在晚上上课，特别是与工作相关的科目。
2体验式学习体验式学习是从直接经验中创造意义的过程。
它是通过对做的反思来学习，这是由死记硬背来控制的。
19919体验式学习的例子是去动物园，通过观察和与动物园环境的互动来学习，而不是从书中阅读关于动物的内容。
因此，一个人用第一手知识进行发现和实验，而不是听或读别人的经历。
在一个严格意义上的奴隶制已经被废除的社会中，围绕工作的社会条件、工作的价值和工资，已经使许多劳动者沦为现代奴隶——“雇佣奴隶”。
(第106段)。
1)含义:在一个严格意义上已经结束奴隶制的社会里，工作的社会地位，工作的价值和工资，何说，中国政府将继续贯彻“一国两制”的方针。
监考老师警告学生不要在考试中作弊，以免他们侮辱自己。
注这里的“工资奴隶”是指那些仅仅为了赚取工资而工作的人。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程U1-8课文翻译
读写教程01课文翻译Unit01TestA奔向更加光明的未来1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。
你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。
在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。
2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。
妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。
”“等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。
”在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。
至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。
3 让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。
你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。
你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。
4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。
在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。
你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。
你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。
我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。
5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。
你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。
如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。
选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。
这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。
一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。
随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。
新视野大学英语第一册U5
diagnose v. 1.诊断 2.判断(If an illness or problem is diagnosed, it is indentified(doctor) diagnose (illness) as(sb) be diagnosed with /as.1.The doctor can not diagnose what is wrong with that dog.2. The teacher diagnosed the boy's reading difficulties.e.g. The soldiers were diagnosed with/as having flu.士兵们被诊断为患有流感Make a diagnosis/ diagnosis of …An exact diagnosis can only be made by obtaining a blood sample.in the late 1990sin the early 1990s 二十世纪90年代初期in the middle of 1990s 二十世纪90年代中期世纪之交at the turn of the century19世纪上半叶/下半叶in the first half of the 19th century / in the second half of the 19th centuryinfect vi. 1.传染（疾病）2. （情绪等）感染（别人）；使受影响Be infected with受······感染／腐蚀／影响e.g. People with the virus may feel perfectly well, but they can still infect others.携带这种病毒的人可能毫无症状，却仍可能传染他人。
《新视野英语教程(第三版)》教学资源book4Unit5-Section-A
Are Books an Endangered Species?
CONTENTS
Preparation Reading Through Exercises
Merry Learning
Preparation
elementary
mere
chancellor
presence
plentiful
participant
marketplace
outlet
slide
reverence
fiction
inspection
instance
primitive
>>>more
Phrases and Expressions come of age hand down close by carry around so far sit through time and again on the go
>>Key
Getting the Message
1. There were hundreds of books in that room. 2. The book is a symbol of the permanence of thought and the handing
down from one generation to the next. 3. Of those same college freshman, many had ranked in the top half of
their high school classes. 4. Commercial book sales are sliding quickly. 5. Because a cultural consumer prefers those passive activities－listening
新视野大学英语快速阅读第四册Unit 5,passage 3
Types of FriendsIt is impossible to live in this world alone. We need other people for help, company, entertainment, and more. Our friends may be the most important of all.Friends are the people who show you kindness. They are the people out there on the front lines, defending you from being lonely or bored. They call you up, they listen to your complaints, they celebrate your successes and curse your misfortunes, and you do the same for them in return. They hold out through countless crises before concluding that the person you are dating is no good, and even then understand if you ignore their good counsel. They accompany you to your favorite movie or to something else you like. They feed your cat when you are out of town and pick you up from the airport when you get back. They come over to help you decide what to wear on a date, even if they don’t like the person you’re going to meet. Mostly, our friends can go into the following seven categories.Relative FriendsWhat about family members? Most of them are people you just go stuck with, and though you love them, you may not have very much in common. But there is that rare exception, the relative friend. It is your cousin, you brother, maybe even your aunt. The two of you share the same views of the other family members. “Meg never should have divorced Martin. He was the best thing that ever happened to her.” You can confirm each other’s memories of things that happened a long time ago. “Don’t you remember when Uncle Hank and Daddy had that awful fight in the middle of Thanksgiving dinner?”“Grandma always hated Grandpa’s stamp collection; she probably left the windows open during the storm on purpose.”While so many family relationships are affected by guilt and obligation, a relationship with a relative friend is relatively worry-free. You don’t even have to hide your bad habits from this delightful person. When you slip out Aunt Joan’s back door for a cigarette, she is already there.Work FriendsThen there is that special guy at work. Like all the other people at the job site, at first he’s just part of the scenery. But gradually, he starts to stand out from the crowd. Your friendship is cemented by jokes about people you know and thoughtful favors around the office. “Did you see Ryan’s hair?”“Want half my bread?” Soon you know the names of his fish, what he did last Friday night, exactly which model CD player he wants for his birthday. His handwriting is as familiar to you as your own.Though you invite each other to parties, you somehow don’t quite fit into each other’s outside lives. For this reason, the friendship may not survive a job change. Discussions about work, once a sure source of entertainment, soon awkwardly increase the distance between you. But wait. Like school friends, work friends share certain memories which become more pleasant after about a decade.Faraway FriendsA faraway friend is someone you grew up with or went to school with or lived in the same town as until one of you moved away. Without a faraway friend, you would never get any mail addressed in handwriting. A faraway friend calls late at night, invites you to her wedding, always shays she is coming to visit but rarely shows up. An actual visit from a faraway friend is a cause for celebration.Faraway friends go through phases of intense communication, then may be out of touch for many months. Either way, the connection is always there. A conversation with your faraway friend always helps you to put your life in perspective: When you feel you’ve hit a dead end, come to a confusing fork in the road, or gotten lost somewhere in your life, the advice of the faraway friend—who has the big picture, who is so well acquainted with the route that brought you to this place —is indispensible.The faraway friend also helps you remember things from a long time ago, like the name of your seventh-grade history teacher or exactly what happened that night on the boat with the guys from Florida.Former FriendsAh, the former friend. A sad thing. At best a painful memory, at worst a dangerous enemy who is in possession of many of your deepest secrets. But what was it that drove you apart? A misunderstanding, a betrayed confidence, an un-repaid loan, an ill-conceived kiss? A poor choice of wife or husband can do in a friendship very quickly. And maybe that’s what happened. Going into business together can be a serious mistake, and has ruined many friendships. Time, money, distance and enthusiastic religions are all noted friendships killers. You quit doing drugs, and you’re not such good friends with your dealer anymore.Friends You Love to HateAnd lest we forget, there are the friends you love to hate. They call at inconvenient times. They say stupid things. They interrupt, they boss you around, and they embarrass you in public. They invite themselves over. They take advantage. You’ve done the best you can, but they need professional help. On top of all this, they love you to death and are convinced they’re your best friends on the planet.So why do you continue to be involved with these people? Why do you tolerate them? The real question is: What would you do without them? Without friends you love to hate, there would be nothing to talk about with your other friends. Their problems and their irritating acts provide a reliable source of conversation for everyone they know. What’s more, friends you love to hate make you feel good about yourself, since you are obviously in so much better shape than they are. No matter what these people do, you will never get rid of them. As much as they need you, you need them too.Hero FriendsAnd then there are hero friends. These people are better than the rest of us, andthat’s all there is to it. Their career is something you wanted to be when you grew up —painter, forest ranger, tireless doer of good. They have beautiful homes filled with special handmade things they bought during their travels. Yet they are modest. They never speak badly of others. They are always helping others, especially those who have suffered a death in the family or an illness. You would think people like them would just make you sick, but somehow they don’t.New FriendsA new friend is unlike any other friend. The first time you talk, you don’t believe how much you have in common. Suddenly, your life story is interesting again, your insights fresh, your opinion valued. Your various shortcomings are as yet completely invisible.It’s almost like falling in love.(1,148 words)1. If we ignore their good counsel, a friend will ______.A) celebrate B) defend us C) understand D) curse2. According to the passage, friends can go into ______ categories.A) 5 B) 2 C) 7 D) 43. What do relative friends share?A) The same views of family members. B) The same friends and dates.C) The same unforgotten memories. D) The same guilt and obligations.4. A work friend may end when ______.A) a person makes jokes B) a person goes to a partyC) a person stands out from the crowd D) a person changes jobs5. The advice of ______, who is well acquainted with your past, is indispensible when you are got lost in your life.A) the faraway friend B) the hero friendC) the work friend D) the relative friend6. A former friend can be dangerous enemy because ______.A) he reminds you of a painful memory B) he knows many of your secretsC) he can take your wife or husband D) he is always on your mind7. One reason why you continue to be involved with friends you love to hate is that ______.A) they can offer professional help B) they would not cause any troubleC) they love you to death D) they provide a source of conversation8. Friends you love to hate make you self-satisfied, for compared with them you are in much ____________________.9. The friends who are better than the rest us are ____________________.10. Making new friends is sort of like ____________________.。
新视野大学英语第三册读写教程furtherreading答案
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新视野大学英语第三册读写教程furtherreading答案篇一：新视野大学英语第三册读写教程furtherreading答案Unit1Reading1NNYYNNGNExposemoretobrightlightImmunesystemBehappywiththepurchaseReading2CADDBBCwhoyouareanover-muscledbodyyoungmenwiththesameproblemUnit2Reading1NNYYYNGNhallsoremptystoresmechanicandwatchmakerbettermechanicalequipmentReadi ng2CBCDACBalocalheroagoldmedalanunexpectedopportunityUnit3Reading1NYYNNGYNhelpyourbodyrelaxgetmoresleepslightlyonthecoolside/slightlycoolACDBCDBpooreatinghabitseatingroutinesandstructureFamilymealsUnit4Reading1NYNNYYNG20/twentymillionselectronicallyvirtualmarketplacesReading2YNYNNGYN realizetheireducationaldreamssmallprivatecollege privatecollegesanduniversitiesUnit5Reading1NYYNYNGYdeforestation1.5acreseverysecond40/fortyyearsReading2BBCBDCDothertypesofgamesmorallycomplexbooks,films,theInternetUnit6NYNGNYY thepowerofperseverancesomethingthatwill accomplishtheirdreamsReading2CCABDBCSoulandspiritualitynewideaslifelonglearningUnit7Reading1NNYNNGYNKelvinwavethecoastofAsiacomplexcomputermodelsReading2NNYNGYYYthecurrentenergysituation EnergyCharacterizationofPilotAreasaFinalReport Unit8Reading1YNYYNNGNlearnhowtorelaxrelievingtensionrelaxation,enjoymentandhealthReading2popularandtraditionalpublicofficialsfreedomofexpressionUnit9Reading1NNYNYYNGlaboratoryconditionsberestrictedfromworktransmissio nofHIVReading2CBDDBBCnewgunlawsyoungpeoplestrongergun-controllawsUnit10Reading1YNNNYYNGweighttraininginactivitytheseextracaloriesReading2NNYYNYNGunemploymentbrokenhomesyoutheducationprograms篇二：新视野大学英语读写教程第三册furtherReading答案新视野大学英语读写教程第三册furtherReading答案Unit1NNYYNNGN Exposemoretobrightlight Immunesystem Behappywiththepurchase Reading2CADDBBCwhoyouareanover-muscledbody youngmenwiththesameproblem Unit2Reading1NNYYYNGN hallsoremptystores mechanicandwatchmaker bettermechanicalequipment Reading2CBCDACBalocalheroagoldmedalanunexpectedopportunityUnit3Reading1NYYNNGYNhelpyourbodyrelaxgetmoresleepslightlyonthecoolside/slightlycool Reading2ACDBCDBpooreatinghabits eatingroutinesandstructure FamilymealsUnit4Reading1NYNNYYNG20/twentymillionselectronicallyvirtualmarketplacesReading2YNYNNGYNrealizetheireducationaldreams smallprivatecollege privatecollegesanduniversities Unit5Reading1NYYNYNGYdeforestation1.5acreseverysecond40/fortyyearsReading2BBCBDCDothertypesofgames morallycomplexbooks,films,theInternetUnit6Reading1NYNGNYY thepowerofperseverance somethingthatwill accomplishtheirdreamsReading2CCABDBCSoulandspiritualitynewideaslifelonglearningUnit7Reading1NNYNNGYNKelvinwavethecoastofAsia complexcomputermodelsReading2NNYNGYYYthecurrentenergysituation EnergyCharacterizationofPilotAreas aFinalReportUnit8Reading1YNYYNNGNlearnhowtorelaxrelievingtensionrelaxation,enjoymentandhealthReading2DDCABDApopularandtraditionalpublicofficialsfreedomofexpressionUnit9Reading1NNYNYYNGlaboratoryconditionsberestrictedfromworktransmissionofHIV篇三：新视野大学英语读写教程第三册further_Reading_答案新视野大学英语读写教程第三册furtherReading答案Unit1NNYYNNGNExposemoretobrightlightImmunesystemBehappywiththepurchase Reading2CADDBBCwhoyouareanover-muscledbody youngmenwiththesameproblem Unit2Reading1NNYYYNGN hallsoremptystores mechanicandwatchmaker bettermechanicalequipment Reading2CBCDACBalocalheroagoldmedal anunexpectedopportunity Unit3Reading1NYYNNGYNhelpyourbodyrelaxgetmoresleepslightlyonthecoolside/slightlycool Reading2ACDBCDBpooreatinghabits eatingroutinesandstructure FamilymealsUnit4Reading1NYNNYYNG20/twentymillionselectronicallyvirtualmarketplacesReading2YNYNNGYN realizetheireducationaldreams smallprivatecollege privatecollegesanduniversities Unit5Reading1NYYNYNGYdeforestation1.5acreseverysecond40/fortyyearsReading2BBCBDCD othertypesofgames morallycomplexbooks,films,theInternet Unit6Reading1NYNGNYY thepowerofperseverance somethingthatwill accomplishtheirdreams Reading2CCABDBC Soulandspirituality newideaslifelonglearningUnit7Reading1NNYNNGYNKelvinwavethecoastofAsia complexcomputermodelsReading2NNYNGYYYthecurrentenergysituation EnergyCharacterizationofPilotAreas aFinalReportUnit8Reading1YNYYNNGNlearnhowtorelaxrelievingtensionrelaxation,enjoymentandhealth Reading2DDCABDApopularandtraditionalpublicofficialsfreedomofexpressionUnit9Reading1NNYNYYNGlaboratoryconditionsberestrictedfromworktransmissionofHIV新视野大学英语第三册读写教程furtherreading答案全文结束。
新视野大学英语第二版第四册读写教程课文原文
Unit1Para1 An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction.Para2 "Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed. The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt. Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on. The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted.Para3Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur. Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there. Artists cannot remain idle, though. When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public. After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month. Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor. The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.Para4 Famous authors' styles a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliotare easily recognizable.The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou.Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune. However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.Para5 Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle－a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be. The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe.Para6 One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing. You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game. An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromisin g behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself. The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name. He should have hired a better attorney, though. The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde. He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and evenworse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor. When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense. His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most.Para7 Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom! They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans. Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing that they did not sell out. They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.Para8 Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated somefamous people to work even harder to succeed. Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education. Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull. Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning.Para9 I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck. But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted. The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail. The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good. So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do. Try to do work that you can be proud of. Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art.Unit2Para1 He was born in a poor area of South London. He wore his mother's old red stockings cut down for ankle socks. His mother was temporarily declared mad.Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin's childhood. But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of "the Tramp", the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.Para2 Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth.Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performers to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the king of Hollywood comedy films.Para3Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin's Tramp a bit, well, "crude". Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear. All the same, Chaplin's comic beggar didn't seem all that English or even working-class. English tramps didn't sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that. Then again, the Tramp's quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that's how foreigners behaved, wasn't it? But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.Para4 Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find "the right voice" for his Tramp. He postponed that day as long as possible: In Modern Times in 1936, the first film in which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality. He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman who'd come down in the world. But if he'd been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short comedies, it's doubtful if he would have achieved world fame. And the English would have been sure to find it "odd". No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to bring about his huge success.Para5 He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars. His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master. He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along. "It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.Para6 But that shock roused his imagination. Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along. Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as anartist. He turned them into other kinds of objects. Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones). This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy.Para7 He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed.The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster.Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations.The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.Para8 It's a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him. In Oona O'Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which had seemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who'd given notice of their wedding date, he said, "And where is the young man? "—Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside. As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin's life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.Para9 Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977. A few months later, a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money. The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Sennett's clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can't help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as a fitting memorial—his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many.Unit3Para1 A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it. Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars. They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars.Para2I have opted to live a life of complete honesty. So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons. I even tell welfare how much I make! Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table. But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation. They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government's computer. Very high-profile.Para3 As a welfare client I'm expected to bow before the caseworker. Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. I'm not being bitter. Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals. But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call "Suzanne", a detective in shorts.Para4 Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall. "Where'd you get the money for those? " she wanted to know.Para5 "Friends and family."Para6 "Well, you'd better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts."Para7 This was my cue to beg. Instead, I talked back. "I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that? "Para8 "Well, I'm sorry, but I don't make the rules, Mr. Callahan."Para9 Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won't spend money maintaining it properly."You know, Mr. Callahan, I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average."Para10 Of course I do. I'm an active worker, not a vegetable. I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair. I wonder what she'd think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work.Para11 Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me. But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs. Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn't work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture.Finally, she'd say, "Well, if I can find time today, I'll call the medical worker."Para12 She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem. Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid. Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital. They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move. Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair.Para13 When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started "visiting" every fortnight instead of every two months. She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny.Para14 There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare. I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market. It's impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair.Para15 There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients. Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies. I was, indeed: The hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking.Para16 While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it. The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little. Would I sit on the governor's committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time?Para17 Hell, yes, I would! Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating. They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear—or just hold a good, steady job.Unit4Para1 A transformation is occurring that should greatly boost living standards in the developing world. Places that until recently were deaf and dumb are rapidly acquiring up-to-date telecommunications that will let them promote both internal and foreign investment. It may take a decade for many countries in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe to improve transportation, power supplies, and other utilities. But a single optical fiber with a diameter of less than half a millimete can carry more information than a large cable made of coppe wires. By installing optical fiber, digital switches, and the latest wireless transmission systems, a parade of urban centers and industrial zones from Beijing to Budapest are stepping directly into the Information Age. A spider's web of digital and wireless communication links is already reaching most of Asia and parts of Eastern Europe.Para2All these developing regions see advanced communications as a way to leap over whole stages of economic development. Widespread access to information technologies, for example, promises to condense the time required to change from labor-intensive assembly work to industries that involve engineering, marketing, and design. Modern communications "will give countries like China and Vietnam a huge advantage over countries stuck with old technology".Para3 How fast these nations should push ahead is a matter of debate. Many experts think Vietnam is going too far by requiring that all mobile phones be expensive digital models, when it is desperate for any phones, period. "These countries lack experience in weighing costs and choosing between technologies," says one expert.Para4 Still, there's little dispute that communications will be a key factor separating the winners from the losers. Consider Russia. Because of its strong educational system in mathematics and science, it should thrive in the Information Age.The problem is its national phone system is a rusting antiqu that dates from the l930s. To lick this problem, Russia is starting to install optical fiber and has a strategic plan to pump $40 billion into various communications projects.But its economy is stuck in recession and it barely has the money to even scratch the surface of the problem.Para5Compare that with the mainland of China. Over the next decade, it plans to pour some $100 billion into telecommunications equipment. In a way, China's backwardness is an advantage, because the expansion occurs just as new technologies are becoming cheaper than copper wire systems. By the end of 1995, each of China's provincial capitals except for Lhasa will have digital switches and high-capacity optical fiber links. This means that major cities are getting the basic infrastructure to become major parts of the information superhighway, allowing people to log on to the most advanced services availablePara6 Telecommunications is also a key to Shanghai's dream of becoming a top financial center.To offer peak performance in providing the electronic data and paperless trading global investors expect, Shanghai plans telecommunications networks as powerful as those in Manhattan.Para7 Meanwhile, Hungary also hopes to jump into the modern world. Currently, 700,000 Hungarians are waiting for phones. To partially overcome the problem of funds and to speed the import of Western technology, Hungary sold a 30% stake in its national phone company to two Western companies.To further reduce the waiting list for phones, Hungary has leased rights to a Dutch-Scandinavian group of companies to build and operate what it says will be one of the most advanced digital mobile phone systems in the world.In fact, wireless is one of the most popularways to get a phone system up fast in developing countries. It's cheaper to build radio towers than to string lines across mountain ridges, and businesses eager for reliable service are willing to accept a significantly higher price tag for a wireless call—the fee is typically two to four times as much as for calls made over fixed lines.Para8 Wireless demand and usage have also exploded across the entire width and breadth of Latin America. For wireless phone serviceproviders, nowhere is business better than in Latin America—having an operation there is like having an endless pile of money at your disposal. Bellsouth Corporation, with operations in four wireless markets, estimates its annual revenu per average customer at about $2,000 as compared to $860 in the United States. That's partly because Latin American customers talk two to four times as long on the phone as people in North America.Para9 Thailand is also turning to wireless, as a way to allow Thais to make better use of all the time they spend stuck in traffic. And it isn't that easy to call or fax from the office: The waiting list for phone lines has from one to two million names on it. So mobile phones have become the rage among businesspeople who can remain in contact despite the traffic jams.Para10 Vietnam is making one of the boldest leaps. Despite a per person income of just $220 a year, all of the 300,000 lines Vietnam plans to add annually will be optical fiber with digital switching, rather than cheaper systems that send electrons over copper wires. By going for next-generation technology now, Vietnamese telecommunications officials say they'll be able to keep pace with anyone in Asia for decades.Para11 For countries that have lagged behind for so long, the temptation to move ahead in one jump is hard to resist. And despite the mistakes they'll make, they'll persist—so that one day they can cruise alongside Americans and Western Europeans on the information superhighway.Unit5Para1 Here we are, all by ourselves, all 22 million of us by recent count, alone in our rooms, some of us liking it that way and some of us not. Some of us divorced, some widowed, some never yet committed.Para2 Loneliness may be a sort of national disease here, and it's more embarrassing for us to admit than any other sin. On the other hand, to be alone on purpose, having rejected company rather than been cast out by it, is one characteristic of an American hero. The solitary hunter or explorer needs no one as they venture out among the deer and wolves to tame the great wild areas. Thoreau, alone in his cabin on the pond, his back deliberately turned to the town. Now, that's character for you.Para3 Inspiration in solitude is a major commodity for poets and philosophers.They're all for it. They all speak highly of themselves for seeking it out, at least for an hour or even two before they hurry home for tea.Para4 Consider Dorothy Wordsworth, for instance, helping her brother William put on his coat, finding his notebook and pencil for him, and waving as he sets forth into the early spring sunlight to look at flowers all by himself. "How graceful, how benign, is solitude," he wrote.Para5 No doubt about it, solitude is improved by being voluntary.Para6Look at Milton's daughters arranging his cushions and blankets before they silently creep away, so he can create poetry. Then, rather than trouble to put it in his own handwriting, he calls the girls to come back and write it down while he dictates.Para7 You may have noticed that most of these artistic types went outdoors to be alone.The indoors was full of loved ones keeping the kettle warm till they came home.Para8 The American high priest of solitude was Thoreau. We admire him, not for his self-reliance, but because he was all by himself outthere at Walden Pond, and he wanted to be—all alone in the woods.Para9 Actually, he lived a mile, or 20 minutes' walk, from his nearest neighbor; half a mile from the railroad; three hundred yards from a busy road. He had company in and out of the hut all day, asking him how he could possibly be so noble. Apparently the main point of his nobility was that he had neither wife nor servants, used his own axe to chop his own wood, and washed his own cups and saucers. don't know who did his laundry; he doesn't say, but he certainly doesn't mention doing his own, either. Listen to him: "I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude."Para10 Thoreau had his own self-importance for company. Perhaps there's a message here: The larger the ego, the less the need for other egos around. The more modest and humble we feel, the more we suffer from solitude, feeling ourselves inadequate company.Para11 If you live with other people, their temporary absence can be refreshing.Solitude will end on Thursday. If today I use a singular personal pronoun to refer to myself, next week I will use the plural form. While the others are absent you can stretch out your soul until it fills up the whole room, and use your freedom, coming and going as you please without apology, staying up late to read, soakin in the bath, eating a whole pint of ice cream at one sitting, moving at your own pace. Those absent will be back. Their waterproof winter coats are in the closet and the dog keeps watching for them at the window. But when you live alone, the temporary absence of your friends and acquaintances leaves a vacuum; they may never come back.Para12 The condition of loneliness rises and falls, but the need to talk goes on forever.It's more basic than needing to listen. Oh, we all have friends we can tell important things to, people we can call to say we lost our job or fell on a slippery floor and broke our arm.It's the daily succession of small complaints and observations and opinions that backs up and chokes us. We can't really call a friend to say we got a parcel from our sister, or it's getting dark earlier now, or we don't trust that new Supreme Court justice.Para13 Scientific surveys show that we who live alone talk at length to ourselves and our pets and the television. We ask the cat whether we should wear the blue suit or the yellow dress.We ask the parrot if we should prepare steak, or noodles for, dinner. We argue with ourselves over who is the greater sportsman: that figure skater or this skier. There's nothing wrong with this.It's good for us, and a lot less embarrassing than the woman in front of us in line at the market who's telling the cashier that her niece Melissa may be coming to visit on Saturday, and Melissa is very fond of hot chocolate, which is why she bought the powdered hot chocolate mix, though she never drinks it herself.Para14 It's important to stay rational.Para15It's important to stop waiting and settle down and make ourselves comfortable, at least temporarily, and find some grace and pleasure in our condition, not like a self-centered British poet but like a patient princess sealed up in a tower, waiting for the happy ending to our fairy tale.Para16 After all, here we are. It may not be where we expected to be, but for the time being we might as well call it home. Anyway, there is no place like home.Unit6Para1 Students taking business courses are sometimes a little surprised to find that classes on business ethics have been included in theirschedule. They often do not realize that bribery in various forms is on the increase in many countries and, in some, has been a way of life for centuries.Para2 Suppose that during a negotiation with some government officials, the Minister of Trade makes it clear to you that if you offer him a substantial bribe, you will find it much easier to get an import license for your goods, and you are also likely to avoid "procedural delays", as he puts it. Now, the question is: Do you pay up or stand by your principles?Para3 It is easy to talk about having high moral standards but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? Some time ago a British car manufacturer was accused of operating a fund to pay bribes, and of other questionable practices such as paying agents and purchasers an exaggerated commission, offering additional discounts, and making payments to numbered bank accounts in Switzerland. The company rejected these charges and they were later withdrawn.Nevertheless, at that time, there were people in the motor industry in Britain who were prepared to say in private: "Look, we're in a very competitive business. Every year we're selling more than a ￡1billion worth of cars abroad. If we spend a few million pounds to keep some of the buyers happy, who's hurt? If we didn't do it, someone else would."Para4 It is difficult to resist the impression that bribery and other questionable payments are on the increase. Indeed, they seem to have become a fact of commercial life. To take just one example, the Chrysler Corporation, the third largest of the US car manufacturers, revealed that it made questionable payments of more than $2.5 million between 1971 and 1976. By announcing this, it joined more than 300 other US companies that had admitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission that they had made payments of one kind or another—bribes, extra discounts, etc.—in recent years. For discussion purposes, we can divide these payments into three broad categories.Para5 The first category consists of substantial payments made for political purposes or to secure major contracts. For example, one US corporation offered a large sum of money in support of a US presidential candidate at a time when the company was under investigation for possible violations of US business laws.This same company, it was revealed, was ready to finance secret US efforts to throw out the government of Chile.Para6 In this category, we may also include large payments made to ruling families or their close advisers in order to secure arms sales or major petroleum or construction contracts. In a court case involving an arms deal with Iran, a witness claimed that ￡1 million had been paid by a British company to a "negotiator" who helped close a deal for the supply of tanks and othermilitary equipment to that country. Other countries have also been known to put pressure on foreign companies to make donations to party bank accounts.Para7The second category covers payments made to obtain quicker official approval of some project, to speed up the wheels of government. An interesting example of this kind of payment is provided by the story of a sales manager who had been trying for some months to sell road machinery to the Minister of Works of a Caribbean country. Finally, he hit upon the answer. Discovering that the minister collected rare books, he bought a rare edition of a book, slipped$20,000 within its pages, then presented it to the minister. This man examined its contents, then said, "I understand there is a two-volume edition of this work."Para8 The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied, "My company cannot afford a two-volume edition, sir, but we could offer you a copy with a preface!" A short time later, the deal was approved.The third category involves payments made in countries where it is traditional to pay people to help with the passage of a business deal. Some Middle East countries would be included on this list, as well as certain Asian countries.Para9Is it possible to devise a code of rules for companies that would prohibit bribery in all its forms? The International Chamber of。
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The Tour de France 环法自行车大赛Before You Read 阅前思考Answer the following questions.1. Do you like cycling? How popular is cycling in your country?2. What long-distance sporting events are popular in you country?3. What do you know about the Tour de France?Target Vocabulary 目标词汇Match each word with the best meaning.1. alien a. including everything; total2. clockwise b. a path along which one travels3. consist of c. to be made up of4. cycle d. ride a bicycle5. dot e. in the direction that the hands of a clock move6. honor f. one from another country, or from space7. neighboring g. a small circle or point8. overall h. located near9. route i. ride or run as fast as you can over a short distance10. sprint j. a special award for doing something goodThere is a saying in France that states: “The government could fall, the Louvre could be broken into, or aliens could land on Earth, but if any of the these things happened during the Tour de France, no one would notice.” The Tour de France is the most famous cycling race in the world. The race, which is held in July every year, consists of twenty one-day stages, plus several rest days. The course follows a clockwise route around France, and often neighboring countries, including Luxembourg, Belgium, and Italy. The winner is the rider who completes all twenty stages of the race in the shortest overall time.The Tour de France first started on July 1, 1903, when sixty cyclists left from in front of The Alarm Clock Café, just outside of Paris, and rode 467 kilometers to Lyon. The first time there were no rest days-the winner was the rider who finished the race in the shortest total time. The winner of the first Tour de France, Maurice Garin, the most popular cyclist in France at that time, received 2,000 francs (about $ 350). It took him 94 hours and 33 minutes to ride all 2, 428 kilometers of the race, three hours faster than the runner-up. Over the weeks during which the race, the idea of the Tour de France slowly caught on with the people of France. The race has been held every year since that time, except during the years of World Wars I and Ⅱ.The Tour de France has developed several special honors for which racers compete. The highest honor is the “yellow jersey.”Henri Desgranges, the founder of the race, introduced the yellow jersey in 1919 to show the leading racer each day of the Tour de France. Each day, the officials who keep track of the all of the rider’s times compare each rider’s total time up to that point. The racer with the lowest overall time wears the yellow jersey during the following day’srace. Other honors include the “green jersey,” which is given to the best sprinter, and the “polka dot jersey,” a white jersey with read dots, for the best rider in the mountains along the route.Over the years of the race, the competitors have gained a reputation for good sportsmanship. For example, if a lead rider falls off his bike, it is common for the following riders to slow down to allow the fallen rider to catch up. Some watchers are surprised by this, but as German rider Jan Ullrich, who came in runner-up in 2002 after waiting for winner Lance Armstrong, says, “Of course I would wait. If I would have won this race by taking advantage of someon e’s bad luck, then the race was not worth winning.”Circle the letter of the best answer.1. What is this passage mainly about?a. famous Tour de France winners c. the rules and history of the Tour de Franceb. sportsmanship in the Tour de France d. techniques of the Tour de France cyclists2. Who wins the Tour de France?a. the cyclist with the most points c. the first cyclist to finish the raceb. the cyclist with the shortest overall time d. the cyclist with the polka dot jerseyc. the first cyclist to finish the raced. the cyclist with the polka dot jersey3. Who was Henri Desgranges?a. a famous cyclistb. the man who won the first Tour de Francec. a café ownerd.4. Today, the Tour de France is different from the original race because cyclists…a. ride in a clockwise directionb. receive money as a prize.c. receive money as a prize.d. have to ride5. Who wears the yellow jersey?a. the fastest cyclist of the previous day c. the fastest cyclist over short distancesb. the fastest overall cyclist up to that time d. the winner from the year beforeidioms习语Find each idiom in the story.1. Keep track of-keep accurate information about something·The university uses special software to keep track of its students’·For her diet, Melanie keeps track of how many calories she eats every day.2. take advantage of —to use an opportunity; to cheat someone·I had a chance to buy a car for a low price, so I took advantage of it.·l an doesn’t know much about business, so people are always taking advantage of him.3. Catch up (with /to someone)—reach someone in front of you by moving faster; reach·I had to walk slowly to let him catch up with me.·Philip missed a lot of school while he was sick, and had to study extra hard to catch up to the rest of the class.A. Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best matches the word(s) in italics.1. According to a survey, more than fifty percent of Americans believe in aliens.a. dead people comeb. reading otherc. invisible peopled. people from space2. I’m not really very good at sprinting.a. cyclingb. running fastc. swimmingd. sportsmanship3. Which way did you take to get here?a. automaticb. factorc. circumstancesd. route4. Meeting the president was a special thing for me.a. notoriousb. an incidentc. humbled. an honor5. I’m going to take advantage of the quiet time at work and go on vacation.a. stand a chance withb. rely onc. keep track ofd. use the opportunity of6. He was walking so quickly that I had to ask him to slow down so I could reach him.a. make up withb. catch up toc. keep track ofd. take advantage of7. Her dress is covered in black dots.a. circlesb. squaresc. stripesd. dirt8. Many rock bands contain three guitarists and a drummer.a. restoreb. honorc. consist ofd. expectB. Complete the passage with items from the box. One item is extra.The Tour de France is the most famous (1) race in the world. The race follows a (2) route around France, and some parts of the race may go into (3) countries like Belgium and Italy. The race (4) twenty one-day stages, but there are a few rest days for cyclists during these twenty days. The judges of the race (5) the time each rider takes to complete each stage of the race. At the end of the race, the cyclist with the shortest (6)time is the winner.What Do You Think? 你怎么想？1. Do you agree with Jan Ullrich? Is sportsmanship more important than winning?2. Is there any athlete in your country who is famous for his or her sportsmanship?Part 1: Find the same meaning 同义替换Read the article and then answer the questions below.Not many people get the chance to ride in the Tour de France, but people all over the world ride bicycles. Bicycles are so common that we often take them for granted. In the Netherlands, people of all ages and lifestyles ride bicycles instead of using other types of transportation. Along any bike (1) path you’ll see businessmen with their briefcases, mothers with small babies, and elderly grandmothers bicycling home after food shopping. In Southeast Asia, goods are often transported from place to place on bicycles. High piles of boxes are taken by bicycle from one twon to a (2) nearby one. In India and Indonesia, bicycle rickshaw’s are used instead of taxis. It is cheaper to use bicycles than other forms of transportation, and it’s better for the environment, too, since bicycles create no air pollution.In other countries, people ride bicycles mostly for recreation as a hobby or sport. Recreational cycling (3) is made up of several different types of activities. Cycle touring involves riding bicyclesfor long distances, often in places with spectacular scenery. Touring cyclists carry everything they need with them in small bags called panniers that hang from their bicycles. They take their route into account and bring equipment, clothing, and everything needed for repairs if they are planning to travel far from towns. They can’t (4) depend on finding a garage or repair shop to fix problems. Although they travel with all their equipment, their bicycles are quite light so they don’t have to use a lot of energy to ride them.In recent years, mountain bikes have become popular. Cyclists use these bicycles off roads on rough dirt tracks to go up and down hills and mountains. Mountain bikes have to be strong to stand a chance in these environments. They have larger tires, many gears, and more powerful brakes to help cyclists ride up and down safely. After riding hard to get to the top of a hill, cyclists an (5) use the opportunity in the downhill sections to relax.Decide which words or idioms in the box mean the same as the underlined words in the article. Write the word on the line next to the number. There are three extra items.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Part 2: Read and answer 阅读并答题Read the passage and decide if the statement is true, false, or unknown. Circle your answer.1. true false unknown Only women regularly use bicycles in the Netherlands.2. true false unknown Bicycle transport costs less and is better for the environment.3. true false unknown Cycle touring is the most popular recreation activity amongIndonesians.4. true false unknown Traditional panniers were made of baskets.5. true false unknown Rickshaws have fewer gears than mountain bikes.。