《人文英语1》国开参考资料2

《人文英语1》国开参考资料2
《人文英语1》国开参考资料2

《人文英语1》国开参考资料2 一、选择填空

–I can show you around, if you like.

–________________

选择一项:

Sure. Thank you.

–Do you like seafood.

–_________________

选择一项:

Not really.

- Can we _________ you anything? Coffee? Whiskey?

- No,thank you.

选择一项:

offer

The number of these families has increased ______ 40 percent in the past ten years. 选择一项:

by

- Are you a member of the _________?

- I'm her brother.

选择一项:

household

–Thank you for sharing this with me.

–_________________

选择一项:

My pleasure!

You'll _________ have your own room.

选择一项:

each

Well, I heard him _________ he'd cover the afternoon shift.

选择一项:

say

They must try to _________ the boundaries of knowledge.

选择一项:

extend

–What is so special about this Social Work Center?

–_________________

选择一项:

It offers help to homeless people.

They live next to this mountain for _________.

选择一项:

generations

I saw him _________, and afterwards he was caught by the police.

选择一项:

steal

We lived in the same village then and had an amazing _________ together.

选择一项:

childhood

二、阅读理解:填空题(每空10分)

请选择适当的句子完成对话。

操作提示:通过题目中的下拉选项框选择恰当的词语补全填空。

A. Thank you for sharing this with me.

B. That's very interesting.

C. How is everything?

D. How about your children?

E. How is your family?

Bai Mei tells Liu Hui about her family.

Liu Hui: Hi, Mei.【C】Are you settling in well here in this city?

Bai Mei: Well, thank you very much for asking. Everything is going OK.

Liu Hui:【E】Did they all join you living here?

Bai Mei: Oh no. My parents have their own lives because my father has a grocery store. So he must take care of his business and my mother stays with him.

Liu Hui: Oh, I got it. 【D】Are they in their school years?

Bai Mei: Yes, they all attend the international schools here, but I still teach them Chinese at home.

Liu Hui:【B】What kind of food do you usually have with your family?

Bai Mei: Everyone in the family loves Chinese food. But we have western food on some special occasions, you know, I have an American hubby.

Liu Hui: Right. 【A】

Bai Mei: Pleasure.

二、听录音,完成对话(每空10分)

00:00/00:57

At the City Social Work Center, Zhang Hua is introducing the center to Liu Hui.

Liu Hui: Zhang Hua, I heard you work【part-time】at this City Social Work Center.

Zhang Hua: That's right. I love this job.

Liu Hui: What is【special】about this Social Work Center?

Zhang Hua: It offers help to people who are in【need】such as people who are homeless, sick, or having family problems, etc.

Liu Hui: Does it help children or adults?

Zhang Hua: Well, both. I would say we【look after】those who may be lonely ,weak or ill.

Liu Hui: That sounds interesting. You must feel happy to be able to help people.

Zhang Hua: Yeah. That's why I love working here. It's a very rewarding job. I can show you around, if you like. Liu Hui: That's【cool】. I can't wait!

二、翻译(每题10分)

操作提示:通过题干后的下拉框选择题目的正确答案。

1. Susan Brown was in a family way when she was seventeen.回答

A. 17岁时,苏珊正在回家的路上。

B. 17岁时,苏珊就怀孕了。

C. 17岁时,苏珊就结婚了。

2. Growing up, for Susan, was not exactly a fairy tale.回答

A. 对苏珊来说,成长是一帆风顺的。

B. 对苏珊来说,成长像童话故事一样美好。

C. 对苏珊来说,成长的过程充满艰辛。

3. In those years, a very young mother was not as common as it is now. 回答

A. 那些年,年轻的妈妈比现在普遍。

B. 那些年,年轻的妈妈不如现在普遍。

C. 那些年,年轻的妈妈跟现在一样普遍。

4. Her father put Susan into the hands of her grandmother.回答

A. 她的父亲将苏珊交给祖母抚养。

B. 她的父亲将苏珊交到祖母手里。

C. 她的父亲让苏珊赡养祖母。

5. A large family may have more than two generations, and there are more than two adults from different generations of a family. 回答

A. 一个大家庭的成员至少包括两代、含有超过两个来自不同辈分的成年人。

B. 一个大家庭的成员至少包括三代、含有至少两个来自不同辈分的成年人。

C. 一个大家庭的成员至少包括三代、含有超过两个来自不同辈分的成年人。

二、阅读理解:判断正误题(每题10分)

Extended family

In an extended family, all the people share one household. Apart from parents and children, there may be other family members: grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. That is to say, a large family may have more than two generations, and often there are more than two adults from different generations of a family.

The family members live together for many reasons. They may help to bring up children or to take care of an ill relative. They may also help with saving money. Sometimes children are brought up by their grandparents, for their parents have died or can never take care of them. Many grandparents look after the children, particularly when both parents are busy working. This large family is called extended family. It can be found all over the world. The number of these families has increased by 40 percent in the past ten years. Most of such families live happily together.

操作提示:句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”;句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。

1. In an extended family, people live in different houses.【F】

2. An extend family includes at least three generations.【T】

3.In an extended family, children are looked after by their grandparents because their parents are traveling around.【F】

4. Extended families can be found all over the world.【T】

5. Children can live happily with their parents and grandparents.【T】

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One important application of this method is the development of high-quality physical maps useful for improving the genome assemblies for various organisms. The natural banding pattern of polytene and mitotic chromosomes provides guidance for the precise ordering and orientation of the genomic supercontigs. Among the three mosquito genera, namely Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex, a well-established chromosome-based mapping technique has been developed only for Anopheles, whose members possess readable polytene chromosomes 1. As a result of genome mapping efforts, 88% of the An. gambiae genome has been placed to precise chromosome positions 2,3 . Two other mosquito genera, Aedes and Culex, have poorly polytenized chromosomes because of significant overrepresentation of transposable elements in their genomes 4, 5, 6. Only 31 and 9% of the genomic supercontings have been assigned without order or orientation to chromosomes of Ae. aegypti 7 and Cx.quinquefasciatus 8, respectively. Mitotic chromosome preparation for these two species had previously been limited to brain ganglia and cell lines. However, chromosome slides prepared from the brain ganglia of mosquitoes usually contain low numbers of metaphase plates 9. Also, although a FISH technique has been developed for mitotic chromosomes from a cell line of Ae. aegypti 10, the accumulation of multiple chromosomal rearrangements in cell line chromosomes 11 makes them useless for genome mapping. Here we describe a simple, robust technique for obtaining high-quality mitotic chromosome preparations from imaginal discs (IDs) of 4th instar larvae which can be used for all three genera of mosquitoes. A standard FISH protocol 12 is optimized for using BAC clones of genomic DNA as a probe on mitotic chromosomes of Ae. aegypti and Cx.quinquefasciatus, and for utilizing an intergenic spacer (IGS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a probe on An. gambiae chromosomes. In addition to physical mapping, the developed technique can be applied to population cytogenetics and chromosome taxonomy/systematics of mosquitoes and other insect groups. Video Link The video component of this article can be found at https://www.360docs.net/doc/2714258985.html,/video/4215/ Protocol 1. Chromosome Preparation Mosquito larvae were reared using a standard protocol described in Methods in Anopheles Research available at the website of the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center(MR4) 13. The temperatures of mosquito rearing were modified to provide the highest number of chromosomes in imaginal discs and lowest mortality of the larvae. The stages of mosquito larvae development were determined based on the sizes of their head capsules 13. 1.Hatch mosquito eggs at 28 °C, and after 2-3 days, transfer 2nd or 3rd instar larvae to 16 °C for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus and to 22 °C for An. gambiae. 2.Place 4th instar larvae on ice for several minutes for immobilization. 3.Transfer larva to a slide with a drop of cold hypotonic solution (0.5% sodium citrate or 0.075 M potassium chloride), and place it under the stereo microscope. 4.Select larva with oval IDs (Figure 1B) for further dissection. 5.Decapitate larva, and cut the cuticle from the ventral side of the larval thorax using dissecting scissors (Figure 2A). Make additional cut in second or third abdominal segment to dissect the gut from the larva. The directions of the cuts are shown by arrows. 6.Open the cuticle, and remove the gut and fat body from the larva. Remove the hypotonic solution from the slide using filter paper, and add a fresh drop of hypotonic solution directly to the IDs (Figure 2B). Keep larva in hypotonic solution for 10 min at RT. 7.Remove hypotonic solution using filter paper, and apply Carnoy's solution (ethanol/acetic acid in 3:1 ratio). After adding fixative solution, IDs immediately turn white and become easily visible under the microscope (Figure 2C). https://www.360docs.net/doc/2714258985.html,ing dissecting needles, remove IDs from the larva (Figure 2D), and transfer them to a drop of 50% propionic acid. Remove any other tissues, such as the gut and fat body, from the slide. Cover IDs with an unsiliconized 22x22 cover slip, and keep for 10 min at RT. 9.Cover the slide with filter paper, and squash the tissue by tapping the eraser of a pencil on the perimeter of the cover slip. 10.Briefly analyze the quality of the slide using the phase-contrast microscope at 100x or 200x magnification (Figure 3). 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