英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南

英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南
英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南

英语阅读理解长难句分析技巧指南

英语长句和难句一般结构复杂,逻辑层次多;并列成分和插入成分多;修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;各种从句多,并且从句与从句之间的关系复杂;省略和倒装经常出现;由于结构的需要,常见的搭配常常会颠倒或提前等等。

长难句分析方法指南

英语句子无论多么复杂,它们都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的。所以,在理解英语句子的时候,理解并且拆分句子的语法结构和逻辑结构就自然而然成为了我们解题的突破口。

怎么拆分呢?我们可以把主句和从句拆分出来,即找出全句的主语,谓语和宾语;找出句中所有的谓语结构,非谓语结构,介词短语和从句的引导词;分析各从句的作用以及它们之间的关系。说的具体一点,可以寻找下面一些“信号词”来对英语句子进行拆分,进而更加有效地理解英语原文。

长难句分析注意事项

在分析句子成分时,还应该特别注意下列几点:

1 是否有同位语和插入语。

2 是否有省略,倒装和分隔等现象。

3 替代词的所指对象。

4 判断并列成分的层次。

5 并列连词and, or, but, for通常起承上启下的作用,不要将它们归入后文的句法分析。

6 在从句多的句子中,从句中又包含从句的现象。

7 非谓语动词短语在句中作次要成分(定语和状语)时又带着自己较长的从属成分,尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。

8 在有多个的复合句和并列句中,状语(单个词,短语或从句)究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。

长难句分析实例

1. Decision-thinking is unlike poker---it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.

分析:这句话不长,但是由于有多个从句,并且还有省略,所以难度很大。破折号把这个长句分成为两个句子,前边是简单句,其中not unlike构成双重否定表肯定;后面的是复合句,进一步说明前面的内容。在这个复合句中it是形式主语,matters是谓语,意思为“要紧,重要”,not only---but also和and引导的是并列的名词性从句,在句中做真正的主语。其中后边的两个句子省略了matters。在主语部分中,matters not only what you think 的顺序应该是not only

what you think matters。后边的两个句子省略了matters,原句的顺序应该是but also what others think you think (matters) and what you think they think you think (matters)。

译文:决策思维就象打扑克一样,不仅自己的想法很重要,而且别人对你的想法怎样考虑,你对别人对你的想法又怎样考虑也很重要。

2. However, those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students graduate with the belief that the future workplace may not have a place for them.

?分析:本句的主干是:those of us know that---.know 有两个由that引导的宾语从句,其中第二个宾语从句that many liberal-arts---省略了know;;在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位语从句修饰the belief。在主句中有一个由who引导的定语从句修饰those of us.

?译文:然而,我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家长们都知道,这样的机会少得可怜;我们也知道,许多文科毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。

3. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build

more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.

分析:这句话的主句是:They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years; giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, 是现在分词短语作伴随状语;called moai是过去分词短语作定语,修饰stone figures; for which the island is most famous 是定语从句,修饰moai.

译文:一千多年来,他们与外界没有联系,这使他们有大量的时间来修建1000多座被称为“ moai”的石像,该岛就以这些石像著称。

4. In particular, he showed that all games fall into tow classes: there are what he called games of “perfect information”, games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks; they don’t win by chance, but by means of logic and skills.

分析:冒号后面的句子there are what he called games of “perfect information”---是对前面two classes的说明。句中的games like chess where the players can’t hide anything or play tricks是前面games of “perfect information”的同位语,加以补充说明。分号后面的句子they don’t with by chance---

则是对前面句子中the players can’t hide anything or play tricks进行补充说明。

译文:他特别指出所有的游戏都分成为两类:其中有他称之为可以获得我们信息的游戏,比如下棋。在这类游戏中,对弈双方不可能隐藏任何东西或是捣鬼。他们只能够靠逻辑判断和技巧来赢,而不是靠运气。

长难句分析小窍门

有时候,分析长难句时可以在每个句子的结构后面标上相应的符号,避免将句子各个部分之间的关系搞混。

1 Finally, ⑴although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, ⑵recent graduates report that ⑶they don’t regret their choice of study.(NMET2004) 分析:⑴是第一个主谓结构,由于有although引导,所以它是个让步状语从句;⑵是第二个主谓结构,是全句的主句;

⑶是第三个主谓结构,是宾语从句。

译文:最终,尽管有些主修社会科学的学生在找第一份工作时比学工科的同学要困难些,但是一些刚刚大学毕业的社会学专业的学生并不后悔他们的专业选择。

2 ⑴The woman at the desk gave him a bright smile ⑵as he

entered and ⑶after Peter had explained what sort of room ⑷he was looking for, ⑸he paid two pounds for a list of about half a dozen landladies ⑹who had rooms to let.(NMET2004)

分析:这个句子共有6个主谓结构,and连接了两个并列句,而这两个并列句又都是复合句。⑴是主句的第一个并列句;

⑵是第一个复合句的时间状语从句;⑶是第二个复合句中的时间状语从句;⑷是时间状语从句中的定语从句;⑸是主句的第二个并列句;⑹则是第二个并列句中的定语从句,修饰landladies,其中let意思是“出租”.

译文:当Peter进来时,坐在桌边的女士向他爽朗地笑了笑。在告诉她他在找什么房子后,她让交了两镑买一份大约有六个要出租房子的女房东的名单。

长难句实战演习

根据句子意思,选出正确答案,并且尝试将句子翻译成为中文。

1 Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind unless they kill them for food.

A.Most animals have little connection with other animals.

B.Most animals have little connection with each other.

C.Some animals kill another kind of animals for food.

D.Some animals, such as human beings, kill each other for

food.

2 It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.

A.The ability to do the job is important.

B.Where you come from is important.

C.What you are is important.

D.It doesn’t matter whether to do the job or not.

3 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.

A.The managers would like to carry out the plan the next

year.

B.The managers would like to discuss the plan the next year.

C.The plan which the managers discussed would be carried

out the next year.

D.The plan which would be carried out would be discussed

the next year.

4 A friend of his introduced a doctor named Tom, an amateur painter, living 20 miles north of the city in a house

full of works given to him in return for medical advice.

A.He lived 20 miles north of the city.

B.A friend of his was a doctor.

C.His friend gave the doctor many works.

D.There were many works in the doctor’s house.

5 The present question is that many people consider impossible hat is really possible if effort is made.

A.The things are really impossible

B.Effort can make many things possible.

C.Many people have made great effort.

D.The things are considered possible.

C A C

D B

高考英语阅读理解中的长难句3

如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍-A 高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章,原汁原昧”,考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么,这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外.就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂,搀杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪,影响其对短文内容的理解。 1 When a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it was n’t unusual to hear a tan say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. 2 He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill,in Bedfordshire,and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well,but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词and,but,or等连接;复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词,找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构,清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的: 《 so that,for the purpose that,in order that等;表示结果:so…that…,such…that…,as a result,therefore,thus等;表示条件:if,on condition that,unless等;表示原因:because,since,as等。 【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better.(NMETl995 C篇) 析:这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句内有not only…but also…连接的并列结构。句意:噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要使用消声器.这不仅减轻了轿车的重量。而且使发动机耗油更少,运转更好。 【例2】We even have different words for some tools, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming,while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.(NMET2001D篇) 析:whether…or…表示判断选择的搭配结构,which 引出定语从句,指代前文中的事实,that引出同位语从句,while引出状语从旬,表示对比。句意:我们甚至用不同的词语来表示食物,特别是肉类,取决于它们是否还在田问里,还是即将就厨。这表明撒可逊农民干的是农活而上层的诺曼人干的是吃喝。 【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car,as the owner,you have to pay for any damage done to the car,even if your dog has been killed in the accident.(NMETl997 C篇)

高考英语阅读长难句

高考英语阅读长难句 1 Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication —e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news 2 Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. 3.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. 4 CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. 5 To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 6 For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. 7.But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. 8 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. 9 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 10.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 11 TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.

英语长难句的翻译

英语长难句的翻译 1.英语句子的扩展 英语长难句翻译是翻译中极为重要的课题,有志于翻译的工作者必须潜心学习与研究长难句翻译的各种手段,做到心中有数,才能在实际的翻译中运用自如。 所谓难句就是难译的句子,难句不是语法上的概念,而是翻译上的概念。难句一般都是含有几个错综复杂关系的复杂句;少数是难用汉语表达的简单句,但本节只讨论较长的难句的翻译。我们知道英语句子不管多长,变化多么错综复杂,它都是基本句型的扩展和变化。其扩展与变化的方式可以简要归纳如下: (1)增加句子的修饰语:定语或状语。 (2)增加并列成分(并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语、并列定语或并列状语)或并列句。 (3)增加附加成分:插入语、同位语划独立成分。 (4)出现倒装和省略现象。 (5)增加由短语或多级短语充当的成分。 (6)增加由从句和多级从句充当的句子成分。 2.英语长难句分析的步骤 (1)结合具体语言环境了解全句大意。 (2)剖析全句,分清主要成分和次要成分,主句和从句。 (3)紧缩主干,确定句子的主、谓语,找出句子的基本构架,以其所属句型。 (4)疏通脉络,清理枝蔓,分清主关系,注意上下层次,前后引衬及其逻辑关系。 翻译的整个过程分为两步—理解与表达。还要注意下面几点: (1)按汉语造句的规律,进行选词和语序的调整。 (2)反复研究译文,进行词句锤炼的润饰工夫,最后定稿。 3.英汉句子结构的主要差异 英语在一个句子里往往先说个人感受,再说产生个人感受的原因,汉语则相反,往往按照事情发生的顺序来叙述,最后才说个人的感受。也就是说英汉句子的论理逻辑与叙述逻辑不同。英语往往先讲结果后讲原因,汉语则先说原因,后说结果。 还要认识英汉的主要特点: 英语特点:重形合。爱用关系词;惯用介词表动作;没有固定时序,即英语造句时常打破时间顺序;名词用得多; 代词用得多;主语出现多,等等。 汉语特点:重意合。爱用动词;不爱用关系词;爱用由远及近的时序;实词用得多;主语能免就免,等等。 英语长句虽然结构复杂,但描写细致,逻辑严谨。汉语句子则结构弹性大,简短轻快,先后有序,眉目清楚,节奏感强。 因此,英译汉时,首先要透彻理解原文,抓住句子的中心思想,上下文关系,弄清主次,然后按汉语动词动作的时间顺序或逻辑顺序,重新加以组合。这样,就不会拘泥于原文的语言形式,使译文生硬难读。 1)顺序译法;2)逆序法;3)分句译法;4)综合译法。在实际翻译中,往往需要同时并用几种方法。因为一个句子中往往有多种语言现象交错出现。翻译长句是一种难度较高的综合技能。至于翻译手段的取舍,应取决于要求序文的效果。 (1)顺序译法 有些英语长句所叙述的一连串动作基本上是按动作发生的时间先后安排,也有些英语长句的内容是按逻辑关系安排,这与汉语表达方法比较一致。因此翻译时,一般可按照原文顺序译

分析经典长难句攻克高考英语阅读

I. For example, adolesce nt boys are more likely to buy computer games tha n any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如,进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏,因此,针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义 【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句,同时又含有一个than 引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】1)likely adj.可能的;常用于句型:sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that…可能做 He' s very likely to send me an email tonight. =It ' s very likely that he ' ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It ' s likely that the compa ny will set up a branch in our city. 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。 2) make sense 有意义;讲得通;make sense of 理解 I can ' t follow these instructions -- they don ' t make sense. 我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. 我们把句子看了一遍,但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to 吸弓丨;appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干 某事;求助于 Blue and red appeal to me, but I don ' t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色,而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sin cerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the in formatio n we n eed. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的than any other …,意为"比其他任何一个......... ",所谈论的 对象在比较的范围之内;若不在范围之内,则不用other。如: China is larger tha n any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。

破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法(最新整理)

破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料,文中含有一些长难句,比较难以理解,对做题会有影响。没关系,看看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招,再瞅瞅历年高考长难句精析,10分钟就能教你搞定高考英语中的那些长难句。 英语句子之所以难以理解,有许多原因,其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。 方法1:找谓语,定主语 一般情况下,一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语),我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。如:

People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 【句意】二十一年来,象牙交易一直被明令禁止,人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎,导致大象数量减少。 【分析】that引导宾语从句,从句中谓语动词是encourage 和hurt,根据逻辑意义,可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 方法2:提主干,去枝叶(从句、状语和定语等) 一般情况下,一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来,就不能完全把握句子的核心意义,从而导致思维混乱,主次不分。如: Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings

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实例教你学会分析长难句,高中英语阅读理解满分必备!

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学姐亲授英语长难句翻译答题注意事项_毙考题

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3.如何辨别简单句与复合句? 所谓简单句,就是句子中只有一套主谓结构的句子,复合句则是指句子中有多于一套的主谓结构,因此,通过句子中能提炼出的主谓个数即可判断出来。另一种相对直观的方法是根据从句的引导词判断,例如:what,that,which等等,通常每一种从句都会有比较明显的引导词出现,对这些词进行积累就能很容易判断出来。当然,一般来说,考研英语翻译题中出现的绝大多数都是复合句,即使是简单句,翻译的难度也不亚于复合句。 4.如何提炼主句与从句? 提炼主句与从句是一项需要长期培养的能力,很多地方需要在练习和积累中慢慢体会。不过简单来说,提炼主句就是提炼出句子最主干的那套主谓宾,所以要对句子中的主语、谓语和宾语部分保持敏感。另外,就像前面所说的,从句一般都会有比较明确的引导词,根据引导词划分从句一般是比较便捷的方法。 5.是否应当把阅读理解当成翻译来做? 很多同学觉得考研英语翻译的真题偏少,为了增强自己的翻译能力,常常会犹豫是否应该把阅读理解当成翻译题来做。那么首先我们需要明确的是,阅读理解的选择题和翻译题对考

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