落花生 张培基译文 The Peanut
The Peanut
Xu Dishan
At the back of our house there was half a mu of unused land. “It’s a pity to let it lie idle like that,” Mother said. “Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids. And then some went to buy seeds, some began to dig up the ground and others watered it and, in a couple of months, we had a harvest! “Let us have a party tonight to celebrate,” Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to join us for a taste of our fresh peanuts. What do you say?” We all agreed, of course. Mother cooked the peanuts in a variety of styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.
The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Father came all the same.
“Do you like peanuts?” Father asked.
“Yes!” We all answered eagerly.
“But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?”
“It is very delicious to eat,” my sister took the lead.
“It is good for ma king oil,” my brother followed.
“It is inexpensive,” I said. “Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it. I think this is what is good for.”
“Peanut is good for many things,” Father said, “but there is one thing that is particularly good about it. Unlike apples, peaches and pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colors, peanut buries its fruit in the earth. It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and, unless you dig it out, you can’t tell it bears fruit or not just by its frail stem quivering above ground.”
“That’s true,” we all said and Mother nodded her assent, too. “So you should try to be like the peanut,” Father went on, “because it is useful, though not great or at tractive.”
“Do you mean,” I asked, “we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?”
“Yes,” Father said. “This is what I expect of you.”
We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us. But father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.
（刘世聪译）
Peanuts
Xu Dishan
Behind our house there lay half a mou vacant land. Mother said: “It’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so very much, why not plant some here?” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!
Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.
It looke d like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came nevertheless.”Do you like peanuts?” asked father.
“Yes, we do!”we vied in giving the answer.
“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”
“Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister.
“Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder sister.
“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyone’s favourite. That’s why we call peanuts good.”
“It’s true that peanuts have many uses,” said father, “but they’re m ost beloved in one respect. Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches, and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people’s admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they’re ripe. When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.”
“That’s true,” we said in unison. Mother also nodded. “So you must take after peanuts,” father continued, “because they’re useful though not great and nice-looking.”
“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,” I said.“That’s what I expect of you,” father concluded.
We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night. Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, father’s words remain engraved in my mind.
（张培基译）
张培基散文翻译 张培基散文翻译108篇
张培基散文翻译张培基散文翻译108篇 转] 张培基散文翻译语言点精要 xx-6-1614:19阅读转载自甲壳虫 · · · · · · 赞赞赞赞评论转载分享复制地址编辑上一篇| 下一篇：此文胜过你上三年、、、 1、It is sometimes beset with …有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2、 Nothing short of a … can help …唯有…才能/全靠…才能够 3、 Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles、一泻千里 4、 Fare likewise、正如这样 5、 Now … , now …有时…，有时… 6、 Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of …更能让人产生一种…之 感
7、… is now confronted with a … section of its course、…现在正遭遇进程上的 一段… 8、… , however, can only be shared by …而…，只有…样的人才可体会到 9、 The present … crisis can never obstacle the advance of …目前的…危机绝 不会阻碍…的进步 10、 Let us pace up our spirits and march through ...让我们鼓起雄健的精神 (1) 1、The greatest joy of …, is to … during its most difficult days、在最艰难的日 子里…，亦是最大的乐趣 12、 Grow restless 变得焦躁不安 Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反对意见 13、 Dash here and there in search of …跑来跑去的寻找 14、 He is going to … so that he could …他决定…以便… 15、… is not groundless because ……并非空害怕/没依据，因为… 16、 Keep moving around in a hurry 慌慌张张地走/跑
翻译理论知识
《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲 一、翻译定义: 1、张培基——翻译就是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。 3、刘宓庆——翻译的实质就是语际的意义转换。 4、王克非——翻译就是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 5、泰特勒——好的翻译应该就是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言,以使译入语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受,如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。 6、费道罗夫——翻译就就是用一种语言把另一种语言在内容与形式不可分割的统一中所业已表达出来的东西准确而完全地表达出来。 7、卡特福德——翻译的定义也可以这样说:把一种语言(Source Language)中的篇章材料用另一种语言(Target Language)中的篇章材料来加以代替。 8、奈达——翻译就就是在译入语中再现与原语信息最切近的自然对等物,首先就意义而言,其次就就是文体而言。 “Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style、”---Eugene Nida 纽马克——通常(虽然不能说总就是如此),翻译就就是把一个文本的意义按作者所想的方式移译入另一种文字(语言)。“Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language、”--- Peter Newmark 10、“Translation is the expression in one language (or target language译入语) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences、”--- Dubois 12、13、Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text、 二、翻译标准 1、翻译的标准概括为言简意赅的四个字:“忠实(faithfulness)、通顺(smoothness)”。忠实指的就是忠实于原文。通顺指的就是译文的语言必须合乎规范、通俗易懂。 2、严复对翻译曾经提出“信(faithfulness)、达(expressiveness)、雅(elegance)”的标准:“译事三难:信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣,顾信矣不达,虽译犹不译也,则达尚焉。” 3、“泰特勒三原则”:(1)That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work;(2)That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original;(3)That the Translation should have all the ease of original composition、”(1)译作应完全复写出原作的思想;(2)译作的风格与手法应与原作属于同一性质;(3)译作应具备原作所具有的通顺。”(谭载喜,2006)泰特勒指出,这三项原则就是好的翻译所必备的条件,它们次序的排列就是恰当的、自然的,就是按重要顺序排列的,如果在不得已的情况下要牺牲某一个原则就要注意到它们的次第与比较上的重要性,决不能颠倒主次,以牺牲思想内容的忠实来求得译文的优美与流畅。 5、奈达提出了著名的“动态对等”。她对翻译所下的定义: 所谓翻译, 就是在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现源语的信息, 首先就是意义, 其次就是文体。
张培基英汉翻译教程框架
英汉翻译教程— 张培基编著上海外语教育出版社 翻译:是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
第一节翻译的标准忠实：忠于原作内容、保持原作风格 通顺：通顺易懂、符合规范 语言现象(词汇含义、句法结构、惯用法) 理解逻辑关系 原文所涉及的事物 第二节翻译的过程表达直译：保持内容、形式(比喻、形象等) 意译：正确表达原文内容，不拘泥于形式 人名、地名、日期、方位、数字 段、句、重要的词 校核错或不妥的词、句 无生僻字、陈腔滥调、标点符号 校核两遍：内容、润饰蚊子 对照原文通读一遍 第二节对翻译工作者的要求 1.坚定的无产阶级立场和较高的马克思主义、毛泽东思想的理论水平 2.努力提高本族语和外语的水平 3.不断吸收和丰富各种基础知识，对有关国家的历史、地理、政治、外交、经 济、文化、科学、风俗习惯等。 完全对应:已有通用译名的专用名词、术语、日常生活事物 词义部分对应:概括的范围有广狭之分 无对应：英中新词、反映英美社会特俗风气及事物的词 多对应 第一节词汇词的搭配能力单词作定：英名前后，汉一般前置 定语的位置短语作定：英名前，汉视习惯 饰形或状英汉均前 词序单词作状饰动英动后汉动前 状语的位置程度状饰状英前后汉视习惯 短语作妆英汉动前后均可 英地点时间(小到大)，汉时间地点（大到小） 英简单句→汉复合句 英复合句→汉简单句 句子结构英复合句→汉其他句(英主从→汉其他、英并列→汉偏正) 英倒装句→汉正装句 英主\被→汉被\主 时间英灵活，汉有先后 句序英灵活，汉前因后果 逻辑英灵活，汉前条件假设后果 第二节句法英汉前行后目 英汉前理后果 句子内容的一些其他表达手段：增补、省略、变此类、正反表达
张培基散文翻译语言点精要
张培基散文翻译语言点精要 1. It is sometimes beset with…有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2. Nothing short of a…can help…唯有...才能/全靠…才能够 3. rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles一泻千里 4. Fare likewise.正如这样 5. Now…, now….有时…，有时… 6. Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of…更能让人产生一种…之感 7.…is now confronted with a…section of its course……现在正遭遇进程上的一段… 8.…, however, can only be shared by…而…,只有…样的人才可体会到 9.Thepresent…criscanneverobstacletheadvanceof…目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步。 1 0." Let us brace up our spirit and march through…让我们鼓起雄健的精神… 1 1." The greatest joy of…, is to…during its most difficult days.在最艰难的日子里…，亦是最大的乐趣。 1 2." Grow restless变得焦躁不安Beg to differ恕不同意/持反对意见 1 3." Dash here and there in search o f…跑来跑去的寻找 1
落花生翻译赏析
《落花生》翻译比较与赏析 08341228 易俊俊 标题：落花生 译文1译: peanuts 译文2译：The peanut 译文3译：The peanut 分析：The＋单数名词：以个别的、具体的事物来象征一类相关的综合的抽象事物。The Peanut 让人联想到各种有关花生的东西。而文章主要是赞扬花生这一物种的优良品格以及其所传达的精神，所以The Peanut比peanuts 要好。 译文3 Behind our house there was a patch of land. "It would be a pity to let it go wild.” said Mother. “I suggest that since you are all so fond of peanuts you should grow some there.”We children and the little maidservants were all delighted. Some of us bought seeds, some dug up the plot and others watered it. In just a few months we had a harvest. 分析：“屋后”从逻辑上讲应该是房子的”后面”Behind，而不是房间的”后部”At the back of。“有一亩空地”用lay比用was更具动感。将“半亩”译为“half a mu”不如将其虚化为“a patch of”. mu这个词虽说已存在于英语词汇中，
但是英美的很多词典并没有收入。另外，文中妈妈说的话很长，译文2和3译中把Mother said放在句中作为插入语，使句子的结构更加平衡也更符合英文的行文特点。“爱吃花生”应该表达的是一种习惯，而like to eat一般表示某次心血来潮的想法。因此，enjoy eating比like to eat要好。在翻译“我们姐弟几个”时my brother, sister and I显得比较冗长，而us/we children则简洁精练。但译文1后面的servant girls和译文3 the little maidservants均有丫环的意思，与文中意思相悖。中文喜用排比，或者“有的……有的……”句式，用some …Some… others 显然比we … 更加准确。翻译本段最后一句时，译文2和3使用we had a harvest 既简练又把“居然收获”的惊喜表达出来了。翻译本段最后一句时，译文2和3使用we had a harvest既简练又把“居然收获”的惊喜表达出来了。然而，就“开辟出来种花生吧”一句，两种译文似乎都不尽完美。译文2 let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.首先open sth up 是“打开、开发”的意思，一般意义比较抽象。另外garden虽然有花园菜园的意思。可是a peanut garden显得比较艰涩难懂。而译文3的peanut plot似乎更好一些，另外，译文1 have them planted here.又显得过于简单。 选段二：妈妈说：“今晚我们可以做一个收获节，也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们的新花生，如何?”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样食品，还吩咐这节期要在园里的茅亭举行。那晚上的天色不大好，可是爹爹也到来，实在很难得! 译文1：Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and invite your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot. It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, Father came nevertheless. 译文2："Let us have a party tonight to celebrate," Mother suggested, "and ask Dad to come for a taste of our fresh peanuts. What do you say?" We all agreed, of course. Mother cooked the peanuts in different styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration. The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Dad came all the same. 译文3：Mother said, "Let' s have a harvest festival tonight and invite your father to taste our fresh peanuts. "We all agreed. Mother made a variety of dishes using our peanuts and instructed that the festival should be held in the thatched pavilion in the garden. The weather was not very good that evening, but even Father put in an appearance, which was a rare event.
落花生作者
《落花生》的作者许地山（1893－1941）笔名就叫“落华生”，他取这个笔名，说明他崇尚“落花生”的精神：生长在泥土里，不好看，但是很有用，词浅而意深。作者在生活中，正是这样，追求多做贡献，做有用的人，而不计报酬。他的夫人曾回忆说：“豪华酒楼没有他的足迹，乘轮船、火车都是买普通票，喜爱与劳动人民接触，对人真挚谦虚，对名利从来淡薄。” 许地山出生于台湾，1921年入燕京大学攻读，毕业后曾去美国哥伦比亚大学和英国牛津大学深造。归国后又回到燕京大学当教师。 1935年，香港登报征聘文学院教授，许地山以杰出的才能应聘，任香港大学中文学院主任。他在教育、生话及工作中，从不崇拜任何偶像，不盲目信赖任何权威，他鼓励学生独立思考。 许地山在香港还兼任香港中英文化协会主席，努力开展进步文化活动。 卢沟桥事变后，许地山走出书斋，积极投入抗日救亡运动。他团结爱国志士，教育革命青年，写文章、做讲演，宣传抗日。当时为抗日工作从北方到南方的人，大多经过香港，他们人生地疏，又不懂粤语，许地山热情地为他们解决困难
或给予资助，他家成了迎来接往的接待站。 许地山从1921年起开始写小说、散文、诗歌、剧本，并从事翻译工作。．他的作品无论长短篇，都文字简洁，有独特风格，引人入胜。著名作家郁达夫夸奖他的小说：“像这样坚实细致的小说，不但在中国小说界不可多得，就是寻遍1940年的英美小说界，也很少有可以和他比并的作品。”他写的《春桃》，描写了生活在社会最底层的老百姓的生活。 许地山1941年8月4日因病逝世，宋庆龄、郁达夫、徐悲鸿等都送了花圈。郭沫若在悼文中这样写道：“他不仅是一个诚实的创作家，真挚的学者，而且是一个极其健全的社会人……他有献身精神，对于名利竞逐，极其恬淡……” 许地山生前是老舍的好友，他逝世后，老舍先生曾流着眼泪说：“地山是我的绝好朋友，他竟死了”， 许地山——落华生，他的一生做到了“对人有好处”。 花生又名落花生，属蝶形花科落花生属一年生草本植物。原产于南美洲一带。世界上栽培花生的国家有100多个，亚洲最为普遍，次为非洲。据中国有关花生的文献记载栽培史约早于欧洲100多年。花生被人们誉为“植物肉”，含油量高达50%，品质优良，气味清香。除供食用外，还用于印染、造纸工业。花生也是一味中药，适用营养不良、脾胃失调、咳嗽痰喘、乳汁缺少等症。花生的栽培管理技术性也相对较
许地山《落花生》翻译赏析(张培基-译)
许地山《落花生》翻译赏析（张培基译） 原文： 落花生 许地山 我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然称们那么爱吃花生，就辟来做花生园罢。”我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园；过不了几个月，居然收获了! 妈妈说：“今晚我们可以做一个收获节，也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们的新花生，如何?”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样食品，还吩咐这节期要在园里的茅亭举行。 那晚上的天色不大好，可是爹爹也到来，实在很难得!爹爹说：“你们爱吃花生么?” 我们都争着答应：“爱!” “谁能把花生的好处说出来?”。 姊姊说：“花生的气味很美。” 哥哥说：“花生可以制油。” 我说：“无论何等人都可以用贱价买它来吃；都喜欢吃它。这就是它的好处。” 爹爹说：“花生的用处固然很多；但有一样是很可贵的。这小小的豆不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴，把它们的果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜色，令人一望而发生羡慕的心。它只把果子埋在地的，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知道。” 我们都说：“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说：“所以你们要像花生，因为它是有用的，不是伟大、好看的东西。”我说：“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说：“这是我对于你们的希望。” 我们谈到夜阑才散，所有花生食品虽然没有了，然而父亲的话现在还印在我心版上。译文：
Peanuts Behind our house there lay half a mu of vacant land. Mother said, “It’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not plant some here?”That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months! Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot. It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came nevertheless. Night sky is not very good, but the father has come, it is hard to come by. “Do you like peanuts?” asked Father. “Yes, we do!” We vied in giving the answer. “Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”“Peanuts taste good,”said my elder sister. “Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder brother. “Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyone’s favorite. That’s why we call peanuts good.” “Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are
落花生翻译比较与赏析
落花生翻译比较与赏析 《落花生》翻译比较与赏析苏慧敏2004020337 商英学院 04英语国际贸易3班前言 这是一篇比较赏析为了阅读的方便我将其按照原文的顺序分析。因为篇幅的关系我 只选了前面几段赏析。下文中画线表示译的好的部分数字表示建议改进的地方。翻 译原文落花生许地山我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说“让它荒芜着怪可惜既然称们 那么爱吃花生就辟来做花生园罢。”我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买 种动土的动土灌园的灌园过不了几个月居然收获了妈妈说“今晚我们可以做一个收 获节也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们的新花生如何”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样 食品还吩咐这节期要在园里的茅亭举行。那晚上的天色不大好可是爹爹也到来实在 很难得爹爹说“你们爱吃花生么” 我们都争着答应“爱” “谁能把花生的好处说出来”。 姊姊说“花生的气味很美。” 哥哥说“花生可以制油。” 我说“无论何等人都可以用贱 价买它来吃都喜欢吃它。这就是它的好处。” 爹爹说“花生的用处固然很多但有一样
是很可贵的。这小小的豆不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴把它们的果实悬在枝上鲜 红嫩绿的颜色令人一望而发生羡慕的心。它只把果子埋在地的等到成熟才容人把它 挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上不能立刻辨出它有没有果实非得等 到你接触它才能知道。” 我们都说“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说“所以你们 要像花生因为它是有用的不是伟大、好看的东西。”我说“那么人要做有用的人不要 做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说“这是我对于你们的希望。” 我们谈到夜阑才散所有 花生食品虽然没有了然而父亲的话现在还印在我心版上。本文是1892-1941的一篇 久为流传的散文。作者回忆自己童年时代的一个小小片段以朴实无华、清新自然的 笔调从花生的平凡而有用谈到做人的道理富于哲理反映他身处旧社会的污泥浊流而 洁身自好、不慕虚名的思想境界。标题落花生刘士聪先生下称”刘”译The Peanut 张 培基先生下称”张”译: Peanuts 分析The Peanut 让人联想到花生的种类。例如the rich 或者 the poor 从整体来看文章主要是赞扬花生这一物种的优良品格所以The Peanut
落花生 张培基译文 The Peanut
The Peanut Xu Dishan At the back of our house there was half a mu of unused land. “It’s a pity to let it lie idle like that,” Mother said. “Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids. And then some went to buy seeds, some began to dig up the ground and others watered it and, in a couple of months, we had a harvest! “Let us have a party tonight to celebrate,” Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to join us for a taste of our fresh peanuts. What do you say?” We all agreed, of course. Mother cooked the peanuts in a variety of styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration. The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Father came all the same. “Do you like peanuts?” Father asked. “Yes!” We all answered eagerly. “But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?” “It is very delicious to eat,” my sister took the lead. “It is good for ma king oil,” my brother followed. “It is inexpensive,” I said. “Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it. I think this is what is good for.” “Peanut is good for many things,” Father said, “but there is one thing that is particularly good about it. Unlike apples, peaches and pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colors, peanut buries its fruit in the earth. It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and, unless you dig it out, you can’t tell it bears fruit or not just by its frail stem quivering above ground.” “That’s true,” we all said and Mother nodded her assent, too. “So you should try to be like the peanut,” Father went on, “because it is useful, though not great or at tractive.”
实用英汉翻译教案(第一)
1. 翻译的定义 1) To render in another language. --American Heritage Dictionary 转换成另一种语言。--《韦氏大词典》 2) “Translation is the expression in one language (or target language 译入语) of what has been expressed in another language (source language 原语), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.”–Dubois 3) “把一种语言的文字用另一种语言表达出来”--《辞海》、《现代汉语词典》 翻译是许多语言活动中的一种，它是用一种语言形式把另一种语言形式里的内容重新表现出来的语言实践活动。这一活动分为口头和书面两种形式，有时在不同的语言之间进行，有时在同一国家的不同民族和地区之间进行，这种实践活动更多的应用于前者。 2. 翻译的目的 翻译作为一门课程，其目的就是在掌握汉语和英语这两种语言的基础上，结合不断的翻译实践，学习翻译的各种技巧，提高翻译水平。翻译是较高层次的一门课程，其主要对象为英汉两种语言都达到了相当水平的学生和自学者。因此通过翻译，对已掌握的听说读写的能力可以进行一次全方位的检验，找出漏洞，弥补不足，并使这些能力在应用中得到巩固和提高。学习英语的主要目的是搞翻译，而翻译又可以反过来进一步促进学习。 3. 翻译的历史 1）Translation in Bible On the history of translation there is a central paradigm in the western countries. That is the history of translation in the Bible, the most translated book in the world. Now the whole earth had one language and few words. And as men migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there… Then they said, ―Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest (otherwise) we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.‖And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men had built. And the Lord said, ―Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.‖ So the lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of the earth. 上帝造人之后，赐福于人，人们安居乐业。然后，一群无聊人士希望后世记住这个时代，决心合力修建一座通天高塔，即Babel Tower。上帝恐慌，不希望这个奇观建成，于是让人们分化成不同的语言，令其不能交流。之后，因为沟通不畅，工程被迫放弃，而且人类从此不再团结，因为语言不通而分化成不同部落，并由于沟通问题，经常发生战乱，因此再无力撼动上帝的权威。巴别塔就是通天塔，比喻不可能完成的工程，也表示变乱（人类不再团结）。拜Lord所赐，我们今天要拼命学英语，外国人也要受汉语煎熬。而且，各种分歧，甚至战争，都或多或少由语言文化沟通不良引发。 2) Translation in China Actually the earliest translation can be dated back to ancient time. Versions in two languages used in
张培基散文翻译语言点精要
1. It is sometimes beset with … 有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴 2. Nothing short of a … can help … 唯有…才能/全靠…才能够 3. Rolling on non-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. 一泻千里 4. Fare likewise. 正如这样 5. Now … , now … 有时…，有时… 6. Better able to generate in oneself a sensation of … 更能让人产生一种…之感 7. … is now confronted with a … section of its course. …现在正遭遇进程上的一段… 8. … , however, can only be shared by … 而…，只有…样的人才可体会到 9. The present … crisis can never obstacle the advance of … 目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步 10. Let us brace up our spir its and march through … 让我们鼓起雄健的精神… 11. The greatest joy of …, is to … during its most difficult days. 在最艰难的日子里…，亦是最大的乐趣 12. Grow restless 变得焦躁不安 Beg to differ 恕不同意/持反对意见 13. Dash here and there in search of … 跑来跑去的寻找 14. He is going to … so that he could … 他决定…以便… 15. … is not groundless because … …并非空害怕/没依据，因为… 16. Keep moving around in a hurry 慌慌张张地走/跑 17. What’s the rush? 为何这般慌？/怎么这么着急？ 18. Behind … lay half a dozen of … near … 注意学习地理方位和位置的表述 19. look like rain, yet, to our great joy … [口语]像是要下雨，然而让我们高兴的是… 20. whic h of you could … 你们谁能……？(别用who 了，太土了！！) 21. they are most beloved in one aspect. 有一点最受人爱/有一点最为可贵 22. Unlike … , which … , … it just … to … 不像…的…一样，它只是…，来… 23. You can never immediately tell whether or not it … until … 你不能立刻判断它是否…，非得等到… 24. One should be useful rather than great or nice-looking. 应该成为有用的人，而不是伟大或体面的人 25. Engraved in my mind. 深深地刻在脑海 26. … is a household name all over the country. ……是家喻户晓/名遍全国的。 27. … is always on the lips because … 把…天天挂在嘴上，因为… 28. What’s the use of being … ……又有什么用/有什么必要呢？ 29. Uttered intermittently. 断断续续地说 30. Never calculating or particular about personal gains and losses. 不计较个人得失 31. Honor … with a posthumous reverent … 追授…一个… 的谥号/称号 32. Become more and more … with the passing of time. 随 着时间的流逝变得越来越……/越久越…… 33. Never give up the pursuit of … 不要放弃… / 不要放 弃对…的追求 34. Out of sheer necessity. 仅仅为了需要 / 纯粹因为需要 35. Be free to follow your own bent. 可以依自己的喜好去… / 自由自在地去追求自己的喜好 36. Be in the prime of life. 正当盛年 / 年富力强 37. … will soon be gone never to return. 一去不复返。 38. Be in one’s declining years. 风烛残年 / 精力衰微之时 39. As a means of subsistence. 作为生计 / 为了吃饭 / 作为谋生的手段 40. Remedy the situation by … 用……来补救 41. Come up against the urgent problem of … ……问题 急需解决 42. How can one manage to … while … 人怎么能在…的同 时还…呢？ 43. Cut down on food and clothing and do everything possible to … 节衣缩食想尽办法去…… 44. Time is no object. 时间不是问题。 45. … will be quite enough to make … a … …足够让 一个…成为…了 46. The choice lies with you. 选择权在你们手里。 47. Henrik Ibsen says, “it is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement.” 你最大的责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。 48. Forsake … , and you will ruin yourself. 抛弃…， 你便毁了你自己。 49. To go into scholarship, to engage in learning. 做 学问 50. the only things of some value under my roof, if any, are …在我屋子里唯一贵重的东西就是… 51. Entertain ambition of making a profound study of … 怀有对……做一番高深研究的野心 52. It seemed that … can better satisfy … than … … 比…更能满足…的需要 53. At one sitting. 一口气地… 54. It is completely subjected to the whims of the moment. 全凭当时的兴趣和念头。 55. Liken myself respectively to … 把我自己比作…… 56. Thread-bound Chinese book. 线装书 57. My obsession of … have been very much on a decline. 我对……的狂热/着迷消除了不少。 58. To eat into one’s whole pocket. 花掉某人所有的 钱。 59. But not all acquaintances are friends. 不是所有认 识的都是朋友。 60. Have more scruples about this and that. 对身边的一切都有更多的顾虑。 61. We each followed a different course of life. 我们各