北师大版初二(上)英语重点词汇汇总

北师大版初二(上)英语重点词汇汇总
北师大版初二(上)英语重点词汇汇总

初二(上)重点词汇汇总

Unit1

重点词汇

1.something difficult/special 难的、特别的东西

2.It is/was +序数词+time +that从句表示是某人第几次做某事

It was the last time I saw him.

3.give up + doing 放弃

4.in top form 最佳竞技状态

https://www.360docs.net/doc/474443033.html,plain about 抱怨

Unit2

重点词汇

1. return v. 还回;回来n. 返回

return用作及物动词,意为“归还;拿回”。return sb. sth.相当于return sth. to sb. 意为“将某物归还给某人”。例如:

Don’t forget to return my book. 不要忘了还我的书。

return用作不及物动词,意为“返回,回来”,常与介词from或to连用。例如:

When did you return from the trip? 你什么时候旅行回来的?

2. bring, take与get

bring指从某处将某物或某人“带来”,后面常接双宾语。例如:

Remember to bring me the pictures. 记得把照片给我带来。

take指将某人或某物从说话人处“带到”另一处。例如:

I won’t take you there. 我不会带你去那的。

get指从某处经某人或某物带到说话人处。例如:

Please get some paper for me. 请帮我拿点纸。

3. alone与lonely

alone用作副词,意为“独自地,单独地”,在句中作状语;alone也可作形容词,意为“独自的,单独的”,在句中作表语。

lonely用作形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,带有一定的感情色彩。例如:

The old man is alone in the room. He feels lonely.

这个老人独自在房间里,他感到孤单。

4. share v. 分享;共有

share sth. with sb. 意为“与某人分享/共用某物”。例如:

I share the bedroom with my sister. 我和妹妹共用这间卧室。

5. mind v. 介意

mind用作及物动词,意为“介意”。mind doing sth. 意为“介意做某事”,常用于否定句或疑问句中。例如:

Would you mind closing the window? I feel cold. 你介意关上窗户吗?我感觉有点冷。

6. stand 站立;忍受

stand用作不及物动词时意为“站立”;用作及物动词时,意为“忍受;容忍”。

can’t stand意为“不能忍受”,例如:

I really can’t stand the noise. 我真的不能忍受那噪音了。

7. divide…into… 把…分成…

divide指把整体分成几份,例如:

The teacher divides the class into three groups. 老师把学生分成三个组。

8. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事,例如:

My uncle encouraged me to work hard. 我叔叔鼓励我努力学习。

encourage v. 鼓励;encouragement n. 鼓励

9. decide to do sth. 决定做某事。例如:

We decided to tell Tom about it. 我决定把此事告诉Tom。

decide v. 决定decision n. 决定

make a decision 做决定,例如:

At last, they made a decision. 最后,他们做出了一个决定。

10. have fun 玩得高兴

have fun与have a good/ great/wonderful time或enjoy oneself意思相近。

have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心。例如:

The boys had fun drawing the pictures. 那些男孩画画画得很开心。

11. It + be + adj (for sb.)+ to do sth. 对于某人来说,做某事是...

It作形式主语用来代替形容词后面的动词不定式。例如:

It is important for us to speak English. 对于我们来说,说英语是重要的。

12. It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth. “花费某人多少时间做某事”。例如:

It took me one hour to do my homework last night. 昨天晚上我做作业花了一个小时。

【关于“花费”的知识拓展】

spend, cost, take, pay

spend (spent, spent) 主语是人

spend some time /some money on sth. 花时间/钱在某事上

spend some time /some money (in) doing sth. 花时间/钱做某事

例如:I spent 10 dollars on the book. / I spent 10 dollars (in) buying the book.

我花10美元买了这本书。

cost (cost, cost) 主语是物,例如:

take (took, taken)

固定搭配“It takes/took sb. some time /some money to do sth.”做某事花费某人…时间/钱,例如:

It took me 1 hour to do my homework. 做家庭作业花了我1个小时的时间。

pay (paid, paid),主语是人pay some money for sth. 为某物支付…钱,例如:

I paid 10 dollars for the book. 我花10美元买了这本书。

Unit3

重点词汇

1. compete v. 竞争,对抗

compete常用于下列短语:

compete with意为“与…媲美;比得上”,例如:

She competes with her best friend. 她和她最好的朋友互相竞争。

compete for 意为“为…竞争”,例如:

They competed for the gold medal. 他们为了金牌而竞争。

competition n. 竞争,比赛

2. prepare v. 准备

常与for一起连用,构成短语prepare for 意为“为…做准备”,例如:

I can’t go to the movie with you because I have to prepare for an exam.

我不能和你一起去看电影,因为我不得不为考试做准备。

3. arrive v. 到达,抵达

arrive不及物动词,后接表地点的名词时,要使用介词in或at。其中arrive in后接比较大的地点,如国家或城市等;arrive at后接具体的小地点,如车站、学校、公园等。

例如:

He arrived in England last week. 他上周抵达英国。

When did you arrive at the bus station. 你什么时候到达公共汽车站的?

4. spend v. 花费

过去式、过去分词spent, spent 主语是人

spend some time /some money on sth. 花时间/钱在某事上

spend some time /some money (in) doing sth. 花时间/钱做某事

例如:I spent 10 dollars on the book. / I spent 10 dollars (in) buying the book.

我花10美元买了这本书。

【“花费”知识拓展】

cost (cost, cost) 主语是物,例如:

take (took, taken)

固定搭配“It takes/took sb. some time /some money to do sth.”做某事花费某人…时间/钱,例如:

It took me 1 hour to do my homework. 做家庭作业花了我1个小时的时间。

pay (paid, paid),主语是人pay some money for sth. 为某物支付…钱,例如:

I paid 10 dollars for the book. 我花10美元买了这本书。

5. success n. 意为“成功,胜利”,例如:

The film was a great success. 这部电影大获成功。

【知识拓展】

successful adj. 成功的,如愿以偿的,successfully adv. 用来修饰动词,例如:

His experiment is greatly successful. 他的实验很成功。

He worked out the maths problem successfully. 他成功地解出了那道数学题。

succeed v. 成功succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事,例如:

He succeeded in passing the entrance examination. 他成功地通过了考试。

6. million 百万

million为数词,意为“百万”,million 前有具体数字时,不管其后是否有of,都使用单数形式;million单独与of连用时,用复数millions,意为“数百万的”,例如:

There are about 6 million people in this city. 这座城市大约有600万人。

Millions of people are watching the basketball game. 数百万的人正在观看这场篮球赛。

7. unlike 不像

unlike为介词,意为“不像;与…不同”,多指外表和性质上的不同。其反义词为like(像)。

例如:

Unlike his father, he is outgoing and creative. 不像他的爸爸,他外向又有创造力。

【知识拓展】

dislike v. 意为“不喜欢”,后跟名词、代词或动名词。其反义词为like(喜欢)。例如:

I dislike maths. It’s too boring. 我不喜欢数学。它太无聊了。

8. both…and 和,两者都

both…and,用于连接句中的两个并列成分。该结构做主语时,谓语动词用复数。

【知识拓展】

both…and…同义短语为“not only…but also”意为“不但…而且…”。但not only…but also 连接的两个成分做主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。

9. get ready for 为…做准备,例如:

We are getting ready for the final exam. 我们正在为期末考试做准备。

get ready to do sth. 为…做准备,例如:

We are getting ready to spend the holiday. 我们正在为度假做准备。

10. take place 发生,举行

take place 意为“发生,举行”,主要指有安排或计划的“发生”。例如:

The party will take place on Friday evening. 晚会将在星期五晚上举行。

【知识拓展】

happen不及物动词,也可意为“发生”,指一些不可预见的、偶然的事件的发生,例如:An accident happened to him last week. 他上周发生了一起事故。

11. at the age of 在…岁的时候,例如:

Danny was abroad at the age of 20. Danny在20岁的时候出国了。

12. be good at 擅长

be good at后接名词、代词或动名词,与do well in是同义词组。例如:

Mary is good at Chinese. = Mary does well in Chinese. Mary语文学得很好。

be good for 对…有好处/益处,反义词组为be bad for对…有坏处

be good with sb. 与某人相处得好

13. What …think of…….认为…怎么样?

用于提问对人或事物的看法。类似表达方式还有:“How…like…?”“How…feel about?”例如:

What do you think of the weather in Beijing?= How do you like the weather in Beijing?=How do you feel about the weather in Beijing? 你认为北京天气怎么样?

14. So is Tina. Tina也是。

“so+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“…也…”,是一个表示肯定的倒装句。

表示主语所做的动作与前面句子的动作一致,前后两个句子的主语指不同的人或物,其中的系动词be、助动词和情态动词在时态上与前句保持一致,而在单复数上与其后的主语一致。例如:

Peter is interested in English. So am I .

Peter对英语感兴趣。我也是。

【知识拓展】

“so+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词”是对前句主语和动作的重复与强调,意为“的确…”,前后主语一致。例如:

She is a good student. So she is. 她是个好学生。她的确是。

Unit4

重点词汇

1. health n. 健康healthy adj. 健康的

health n. in good/poor health 身体好/不好,例如:

This old man is in good/poor health. 这个老人身体好/身体不好。

healthy adj. 相当于fit,look healthy 看上去健康的,例如:

These children look healthy. 这些孩子们看上去很健康。

healthy 有益于健康的,例如:

That book is not a healthy reading for a child. 对于一个孩子来说,这本书不是健康读物。

2. cold n. 冷;感冒adj. 寒冷的

have/catch a cold 患感冒,这里have是“患/得病”,不能用进行时态。例如:

She had a bad cold. 她感冒很严重。

类似短语:have a stomachache 胃痛/肚子痛have a sore throat 嗓子痛

have a headache 头痛have a backache 背痛

3. advice n. 建议

advice 不可数名词。a piece of /some advice 一条建议/一些建议,例如:

My mother gave me some advice on my study. 关于我的学习,妈妈给了我一些建议。【知识拓展】

advise v. 建议advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

suggestion n. 建议,可数名词。suggest v. 建议suggest doing sth. 建议做某事

4. harmful adj. 有害的

be harmful to…对…有害。例如:

Fruit juice can be harmful to children’s teeth. 果汁可能会损坏儿童的牙齿。

harm n. 伤害,损害,do harm to…对…有害,例如:

Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟有害你的健康。

5. hold v. 拿着;举办,举行,例如:

The sports meeting will be held next week. 运动会将于下周举行。

hold on 坚持下去;(电话)别挂断,例如:

He said he would hold on the truth with his blood and life.

他说他会为坚持真理而奉献自己的鲜血和生命。

Hold on, please. I will call my mum. 请稍等,我去叫妈妈过来(接电话)。

6. waste n.废物,浪费v. 浪费adj. 废弃的,无用的

waste为不可数名词,但可以与a连用用在词组“a waste of…”意为“浪费”。例如:It is a waste of time to do that job. 做那个工作就是浪费时间。

waste 做不及物动词,意为“浪费”。例如:

Don’t waste such a golden opportunity. 不要浪费这样一个千载难逢的机会。

waste做形容词,意为“废弃的,无用的”。例如:

Waste water from that factories should be treated before flowing into rivers.

工厂里的废水在流入河流之前应该经过处理。

7. enough adj. 足够的adv. 足够地,充分地

enough做形容词,修饰名词位置放于其前后均可,例如:

We have enough time to do this job. 我们有足够的时间做这个工作。

enough 做副词,修饰形容词或副词时要后置,例如:

He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大去上学了。

8. whole adj. 全部的,整个的

whole 只可修饰单数可数名词,用于冠词或其他限定词后。例如:

It took her a whole day to finish her homework. 她花了整整一天才写完作业。

all可修饰可数名词和不可数名词,用于冠词或其他限定词前。例如:

She spent all her money travelling. 她花光了所有的钱去旅行。

9. stop v. 停止

stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来正在做的事去做另一件事。例如:The two girls stopped talking when they saw me. 那两个女孩一见到我就停止了说话。

He watched TV for one. At 8 he stopped to do his homework.

他看了一个小时电视,八点钟的时候他停下来(看电视)去做作业。

10. keep v. 保持

keep为及物动词,后可接形容词、介词短语、现在分词充当宾语补足语。

keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事,例如:

He kept me waiting for one hour. 他让我等了一个小时。

常用短语:

keep doing sth. 继续做某事,强调同一动作的持续性。

keep on doing sth. 继续做某事,强调动作的反复性。

11. however与but 辨析

两者都可表示语义上的转折,但用法上有区别:

首先,but 是连词,however是副词。but表示非常明显的对比,转折的意味比however 强;

其次,but 位于它所引出的分句之后,并且之后不用逗号,而however位置比较灵活,可以位于分句之中的任何位置,且通常用逗号隔开。

12. every day与everyday辨析

every day为副词短语,意为“每天”,表示频率;everyday为形容词,意为“每天的,日常的”,后接被修饰的名词。例如:

Some parents collect their children from school every day. 有些家长每天去学校接孩子。

Let’s begin with everyday English. 让我们从日常英语开始学起。

13. through, across与cross辨析

through介词,“通过,穿过”,表示动作在某一物体内部空间进行,例如:go through the forest穿过森林;

across介词,“横过,穿过”,表示动作在物体表面进行,从一端到另一端,例如:go across the bridge 过桥;

cross 动词,“穿过,越过”,相当于go across。

14. too much, too many, much too

too much的中心词为much,修饰不可数名词,意为“太多”;

too many 的中心词为many,修饰可数名词复数,意为“太多”;

much too中心词为too,修饰形容词或副词,意为“太”。

注意:too much还可作名词性短语,用作宾语;也可作副词性短语,在句中做状语,修饰动词,例如:You have given me too much. 你给我的太多了。

15. the same as 和…一样

用于两个事物的比较,例如:

This coffee is the same as we had at Mrs. Dawson’s.

这个咖啡和我们在Dawson夫人家喝的一样。

【反义短语】be different from 和…不同

16. What’s the matter? 怎么了?

What’s the matter with sb. 某人怎么了?用来询问对方情况或询问病人病情。句中的matter意为“问题,事情”,前面必须加定冠词the。

同义句:What’s the trouble? What’s wrong with sb.?

17. Take it once a day in the morning. 每天早上吃一次。

once 副词,“一次”。在英语中表达两次用“twice”;三次及以上次数用“数词+times”。例如:

She exercise three times a week. 她每周锻炼三次。

【知识拓展】对once, twice这类表示频率的副词常用how often提问。

其他关于how的短语:

how long 多久how much 多少钱how many 多少how soon 多久之后how far 多远

Unit5

重点词汇

1. protect v. 保护

protect是及物动词,其后所接的通常是要保护的对象。例如:

We should protect the environment. 我应该保护环境。

常用短语:protect sb. / sth. from sth. 保护某人/某物免受某物的伤害,例如:

You had better wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun.

你最好带上太阳镜,保护眼睛免受阳光的伤害。

2. complete v. 填写,完成adj. 完全的,例如:

Can you complete your task on time? 你们能按时完成工作吗?

He turned off the light and the room was in complete darkness. 他关上了灯,室内一片漆黑。

completely adv 完全地

They have already finished the task completely.他们已经完全完成了那个任务。

3. notice v. 意识到,注意n. 通告;通知;注意

(1) notice既可做可数名词,也可做不可数名词,意为“通告,注意”。例如:

Her appearance attracted my notice. 她的外表引起了我的注意。

(2) notice 做动词,意为“意识到,注意”。其后可接从句,也可接复合宾语,即notice

sb. do/ doing sth.,意为“注意到某人做/正在做某事”。例如:

I did not notice you come in. 我没注意到你进来。

4. fight v. 打架;与…斗争n. 打斗

fight做不及物动词,意为“打架,与…斗争”,常与介词with或against连用。二者都可以表示“与…斗争”;fight with指“和…一起斗争,用(某种武器)斗争”;fight against 指“和坏的人或事做斗争”。例如:

We cannot control life, but we can fight with it. 我们不能控制生活,但我们能够和它斗争。

Now we fight with guns. 现在我们用枪打仗。

We should fight against the illegal behaviors. 我们应该和那些违法行为做斗争。

fight也可做及物动词,后面直接跟宾语,意为“反对;战斗”。

5. polite adj. 有礼貌的

常用句型“It is + polite+ of sb. + to do sth. ”某人做某事是有礼貌的。例如:

It is not polite of you to cut the speaker short. 你打断发言的话是不礼貌的。

反义词:impolite 不礼貌的,粗鲁的副词politely 礼貌地

6. avoid v. 避免,防止

avoid及物动词,后接动名词,不可接动词不定式。例如:

You had better avoid losing your job. 你最好避免丢掉你的工作。

7. surprise v. 使惊奇,使感到意外n. 吃惊,意想不到的事

surprising和surprised都是由surprise变换而来的,都是形容词。surprising意为“令人吃惊的”,用来修饰物;surprised意为“感到吃惊的”,用来修饰人。

surprise n. 常用短语:to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是,例如:

To her surprise, she was awarded first prize. 令她吃惊的是,她竟然得了一等奖。

【知识拓展】to+ one’s + n.

to one’s joy/happiness/ disappointment/ amazement/excitement令某人高兴/失望/吃惊/兴奋的是

8. lie v. 平躺,平放;说谎

lie意为“平躺,平放”过去式、过去分词为lay, lain

lie意为“说谎”过去式、过去分词为lied, lied

9. shout v. 呼叫,呼喊

shout to意为“呼喊,对…大声喊叫”,多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊,否则对方无法听见,例如:

Didn’t you hear me shout to you? 没听见我喊你吗?

shout at意为多指因为生气等非善意而对某人吼叫或喊叫。例如:

He was so angry that he shouted at everyone present. 他如此生气因而对在场的每个人大喊大叫。

10. warn v. 提醒注意,警告

warn是及物动词,常用句型有:

warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告/告诫某人(不要)做某事

warn sb. of sth. 提醒/警告某人注意某事

warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人不要做某事

11. dream n. 梦,梦想v. 做梦,梦想

dream做名词时,为可数名词,“梦,梦想”。例如:

She has a dream of being a doctor.

dream做动词时意为“”,常用于dream of/ about(doing) sth. 结构

12. raise v. 举起,筹集,抚养

raise one’s hands 举起手来raise money 筹集钱raise a family 养家

13. seem v. 看起来,好像

(1) seem to be + n/ adj,意为“似乎是,好像是”。例如:

They seem to be teachers. 他们好像是老师。

(2) seem to do sth.,意为“似乎做某事”,例如:

She seems to go travel this weekend. 她好像这个周末去旅游。

(3) It seems + that 从句,意为“好像…”,例如:

It seems that she is unhappy. 好像她不高兴。

(4) seem like 意为“似乎,好像”,例如:

The sound seems like the singing of a bird. 这声音似乎是鸟儿在唱歌。

14. pay attention to 注意

pay attention to sth./ doing sth. 注意某事/做某事

Pay attention to your pronunciation. 注意你的发音。

Please pay attention to taking care of your baby. 请照顾好你的小孩。

15. die from 死于…

die from 死于,表示死亡原因,尤其指死于外伤、事故、劳累过度,例如:

The engineer died from overwork. 这位工程师死于操劳过度。

16. be similar to 与…相似

similar adj. 意为“相像的,类似的”,在句中做定语或表语。与like同义,但like只能做表语。

We have similar opinions. 我们的看法相同。

be similar to 与…相似/相仿; be similar in 在某方面相似/相仿

17. some…others 一些…另一些…

others 代词,泛指其他的人或物,常与some连用,构成some…others…结构,例如:There are many students on the playground. Some are playing basketball. Others are running.

操场上有许多学生。一些在打篮球,另一些在跑步。

Unit6

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1. search v. 搜索,搜寻

常用短语“search for”搜寻,找寻,其后既可跟人也可跟物。例如:

They searched for the little boy in the forest. 他们在森林中搜寻那个小男孩。

search既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,意为“搜查,在…中搜索”。例如:

He searched every room in the house. 他搜查了这所房子的每个房间。

2. throw v. 扔,投

其过去式threw,过去分词thrown。throw的常用词组:throw sth. at sb.朝某人扔某物。

与throw相关的短语:

throw away 扔掉throw about 乱扔,乱丢throw off 匆匆脱掉,扔掉

3. active adj. 活跃的

其名词形式为activity,“活动”;副词形式为actively,“积极地,主动地”。

常用短语:take an active part in “积极参加…”,例如:

They take an active part in scientific experiment. 他们积极参加科学实验。

4. common adj. 普通的,常见的

in common 共有,相同have sth. in common with sb. 和某人有…共同之处,例如:

I have much in common with my good friend. 我和我的好朋友有很多相同之处。

5. realize v. 意识到,领会

realize常用作及物动词,意为“意识到,认识到”,其后可接名词、代词或从句。例如:

At last, he realized his fault. 最后他意识到了自己的错误。

realize还可意为“实现(梦想、希望)”,相当于achieve。例如:

In order to realize my dream, I will study harder and read more books about medicine.

为了实现我的梦想,我会更加努力地学习,阅读更多有关医学的书籍。

注意:realize是美式英语;realise是英式英语。

6. never adv. 永不,决不,从不

表示否定意义的频度副词,用法如下:

(1)never通常用于实义动词之前,系动词be、助动词之后。例如:

A clever politician never promises too much. 一个聪明的政治家从来都不会承诺太多。

I was never good at maths. 我在数学方面从来就不好。

(2)never放于祈使句之前,表示“不要,永不”。例如:

Never give up! 永不放弃

7. dream v./ n. 梦想,做梦

dream about意为“梦见”,与dream of同义,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如:

Many boys dream about becoming pilots. 许多男生梦想成为飞行员。

8. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友

make friends 也可单独使用,意为“交朋友”。需要注意的是这两个词组中,friend必须是复数。例如:

If you want to make friends with others, you must be willing to listen to them.

如果你想和他们交朋友,你必须愿意倾听。

9. get hurt 受伤

get后还可以直接跟形容词,例如:get hungry 生气;get scared 害怕;get hot 变热;

get nervous 紧张不安

10. wake up 叫醒,醒来

Wake sb. up 把某人叫醒,人称代词作宾语时必须放在wake与up之间。例如:

His mother often wakes him up at 6 o’clock in the morning. 他妈妈经常早上6点把他叫醒。

11. go on a hunting expedition 进行一次猎险

go on常与旅行、远足、野餐、航海类名词连用,意为“去…”,例如:go on a picnic 去野餐

go on 还表示“继续”。go on doing sth. 继续做某事go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事12. smell v. 闻到,n. 气味;taste v. 尝n. 味道,滋味

(1) smell, taste等表示感觉的动词,一般不用进行时态。例如:

I could smell that the milk was not fresh. 我能闻得出这牛奶不新鲜。

(2) smell, taste (等感官动词)+形容词,说明主语的状态。意思分别是“闻起来,尝起来”。例如:

These flowers smell very sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。

感官动词还有:look看起来, sound听起来, feel感觉, touch摸起来

13. in, wear, put on与dress辨析

in和wear都表示状态,in的宾语为颜色、衣服。例如:the girl in red穿红色衣服的女孩;

wear的宾语为衣服、鞋帽、眼镜、首饰等。例如:wear glasses 戴眼镜;

put on意为“穿上”,表示动作,宾语为衣服。例如:Put on your clothes. 穿上衣服;

dress意为“给某人穿衣服”,表示动作,宾语为人,常用短语:dress sb. “给某人穿衣服”。

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