【英语】初中英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)含解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Shenzhen, Jan 1st, 2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make about 16, 359, run on electricity （电；电能）. 12,518 taxis in the city are electric ones. "We will replace （替换） the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020." said Mr. Chen from the government.

"I have been a driver for twenty years," said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive electric buses a month ago. "We had a lot of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the electric buses."

The city has built 8, 000 charging poles （充电桩） and 501 bus charging stations. "A bus can be fully charged in two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus station has become quiet." said Mr. Guan, the manager of Qinghu Bus Station.

The use of electric buses and electric taxis plays an important role in making air fresher. In a year, the electric buses use 72. 9 % less energy than the traditional ones. The electric taxis will save the energy of 119, 000 tons of standard coal.

Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-Energy Vehicle Program. In 2017, the city spent 3. 3 billion yuan on electric buses and the charging equipment （设备）. The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money.（1）How many electric taxis were there in Shenzhen in January, 2018?

A. 8, 000

B. 12, 518

C. 16, 359

D. 11, 900

（2）To drive an electric bus, a driver should ________.

A. have at least 20 years' driving experience

B. charge the electric bus every day

C. take part in the National New-Energy Vehicle Program

D. have a lot of training and pass strict exams

（3）What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan?

A. 200 buses can be charged a day.

B. It causes air to be worse.

C. The bus station has become quiet.

D. People will pay more if they buy e-cars.

（4）The city encourages people to ________.

A. buy new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money

B. spending more money in buying new cars

C. use traditional cars as long as possible

D. avoid driving electric buses

（5）The passage is most probably taken from ________.

A. a textbook

B. a diary

C. a story book

D. a news report

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（4）A

（5）D

【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述是深圳是中国13座城市之一从事新能源工程，有望在2020年全部使用电动出租车和公交车，使空气变得更加清新。

（1）细节题。根据 12,518 taxis in the city are electric ones.可知，深圳2018年一月的电动出租车的数量达到12,218辆，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据 "We had a lot of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the electric buses.可知，电动出租车司机要进行许多培训和考试，合格者才能开电动出租车，故选D。

（3）细节题。根据 the bus station has become quiet.可知车站会变得安静，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据 The city also encourages people to bus new-energy cars or electric cars by spending less money。可知深圳市鼓励人们用更少的钱买新能源汽车或电动车，故A。（5）推断题。本文讲述深圳从事新能源工程，有望在2020年全面使用电动出租车和公交车，鼓励人们购买新能源汽车和电动车，可以推出这篇文章有可能来自新闻报道，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

2．根据短文内容，判断句子正误。

If someone says to you: "give me five", do not search your pocket to get five yuan! It will make others laugh! The person's not asking for your money, but your fingers.

In the US, "give me five" or "give me the high five" is a popular gesture （动作）. You can see it often in films or on TV. It means the clapping （拍） of each other's raised right hands together. People do it when they meet for the first time or something happy happens. For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket （彩票）.If a football team wins a game, the players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate.

This gesture may come from the old Roman gesture of raising the right arm for the emperor to show respect. This also showed that the person raising his arm did not have a sword （刀） in his hand.

Why not try to give the high five to your friends?

（1）"Give me five" is a gesture to ask for money.

（2）The gesture "give me five" is the clapping of hands .

（3）When you get good grades in your exam, you give your friends high fives.

（4）The gesture started in America according to the story.

（5）The Romans raised the right arm without a sword in his hand for the emperor to show their respect to the emperor.

【答案】（1）0

（2）1

（3）1

（5）1

【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了美国的交际用语give me five的含义和由来。

（1）句意：Give me five 是一个要钱的动作。根据The person's not asking for your money, but your fingers，这个人不是在问你要钱，而是你的手指，可知这不是要钱的动作，故答案为错误。

（2）句意：give me five的动作是拍手。根据It means the clapping （拍）of each other's raised right hands together，可知它意思是一起举起彼此的右手击掌，故答案为正确。（3）句意：当你考试取得好成绩时给朋友一个高举双手的手势。根据 For example, a student has good marks in exams or wins a lottery ticket （彩票）.If a football team wins a game, the players will give high fives to everyone around to celebrate，可知一个学生考试取得好成绩或者赢了彩票，如果一个足球队赢得比赛，运动员会高举双手来庆祝，故答案为正确。（4）句意：根据这个故事，这个动作起源于美国。根据This gesture may come from the old Roman gesture of raising the right arm for the emperor to show respect，可知这个动作来源于古罗马，为了向帝王表示尊敬，故答案为错误。

（5）句意：罗马人手里不拿刀，举起右手臂来向帝王表示尊敬。根据This also showed that the person raising his arm did not have a sword in his hand，这也表明举手的这个人手里没有刀，可知这是为了向帝王表示尊敬，故答案为正确。

【点评】考查阅读理解，注意理解选项意思，去文章找到相应内容，判断正误。

3．阅读理解

The Temple of Heaven, in southern Beijing, was first built in 1420

and was rebuilt during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was the place

where the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties would admire

the god and hope for good harvest（收获）. It is the largest group of

buildings in the world to pay homage（致敬）to god.

The Potala Palace was built in the seventh century and it has a long

history of over 1300 years. In 641, Songtsan Gambo, the ruler of the

Tubo kingdom, asked his people to build it for princess Wencheng of

the Tang Dynasty. It has 13 floors and is 117 meters high. And it is

made of wood and stone.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses （兵马俑） is the greatest

historical and cultural site （遗址）in Lintong, Xi'an, Shanxi

Province. Emperor Qin Shi Huang began to build it at the age of 13. It

took 11 years. The terracotta figures（秦俑） have the same size as a

real man. They have different heights, clothes and hairstyles because

of their different levels.

The Mogao Caves （莫高窟）is formed by 49.2 temples, 25

kilometers southeast of the center of Dunhuang. It is also called the

Caves of a Thousand Buddhas （千佛洞）. The largest statue（雕

像）in front of the cave wall is 34.5 meters high and the smallest is

only 2cm high. The art of Dunhuang covers more than 10 major

forms, such as wall paintings, music and dance and so on.

A. in 492

B. in 641

C. in 1311

D. in 1420

（2）Songtsan Gambo built the Potala Palace for __________________.

A. the god

B. princess Wencheng

C. his people

D. Emperor Qin Shi Huang

（3）You can visit _____________ if you are in Xi'an.

A. the Temple of Heaven

B. the Potala Palace

C. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses

D. the Mogao Caves

（4）The smallest statue of the Caves of a Thousand Buddhas is _______________ high. A. 20n B. 34.5m C. 25km D. 13cm

（5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The Pulala Palace is made of wood and stone.

B. The terracotta figures are bigger than real men.

C. The Mogao Caves is in the southwest of Dunhuang.

D. The emperors admired the people in the Temple of Heaven.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文讲述了四个中国有名的历史遗址。

（1）细节题。根据The T emple of Heaven, in southern Beijing, was first built in 1420可知天坛最早建于1420年，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据Songtsan Gambo, the ruler of the Tubo kingdom, asked his people to build it for princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty.可知松赞甘布为文成公主建造的，故选B。

（3）推理题。根据兵马俑（兵马俑）是最伟大的历史文化遗址（遗址）在西安The Terracotta Warriors and Horses （兵马俑） is the greatest historical and cultural site （遗址） in Lintong, Xi'an故去西安看这样看兵马俑，故选C。

（4）细节题。根据the smallest is only 2cm high可知一千尊佛像中最小的一尊高20厘米，故选A。

（5）细节题。根据it is made of wood and stone可知布达拉宫宫是由木头和石头制成的正确，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

4．阅读理解

People all over the world eat eggs. Most of the eggs we eat come from hens. Eggs are easy to cook. They can be cooked in lots of ways such as fried or hard-boiled. Eggs can be used with other things to make cakes and ice-cream.

The fresh test

Put your egg in a pan of water and use the guide below to find out how old your egg is.

What happens to the egg Age of the egg

Sinks（下沉）to the bottom of the pan and stays there Sinks, but floats at an angle（角度）

Sinks, and then stands on end

Floats on top or just under the surface 3-6 days old

Just over 1 week old About 2 weeks old Over 2 weeks old

Eggs last a long time. You can keep them for about four weeks in your fridge.

A. the birth of chickens

B. the difference between them

C. the use of eggs

D. the way of keeping them

（2）What makes a yolk dark orange?

A. The hen's food.

B. The colour of the shell.

C. The age of the egg.

D. The vitamins in the egg.

（3）What does the table above show?

A. How heavy an egg can be.

B. How long to cook an egg in a pan.

C. How to make an egg sink.

D. How to check the age of an egg.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍怎样测试鸡蛋的时间。

（1）主旨大意题。根据They can be cooked in lots of ways such as fried or hard-boiled. Eggs can be used with other things to make cakes and ice-cream.可知这段主要讲固定是

鸡蛋的用途。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据The yolk can be pade yellow to dark orange.The colour depends on what the hen eats，可知母鸡吃的食物决定蛋黄的颜色，故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据Put your egg in a pan of water and use the guide below to find out how old your egg is.可知这个图表是用来核查鸡蛋的时间。故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。先进行审题，弄清题意。然后带着问题阅读短文，从短文的信息中找出问题的正确答案。

5．阅读理解

When our son Bradley was ten, the new bicycle he had received earlier that year was stolen. Owning a bicycle was a big deal to our children when they were little. They spent hours and hours, day after day, on their bicycles, riding up and down the footpath, and at the front of the house. We also rode together as a family a lot. Bicycling was a great way to get the kids out of the house and into the fresh air without spending any money.

Bradley had discovered that his bicycle had been stolen from our backyard in Campbell town, South Australia, when he and his sister went outside for a morning ride. He couldn't believe that someone would do this.

He got a large piece of cardboard, painted a sign begging for the bicycle to be returned, and tied the sign to the letterbox. The following morning, when I went out to collect the mail, I found a white envelope with the magical words," Buy yourself a new bicycle". There was a $100 banknote inside.

We were very touched that someone had the heart to do this. We've never been able to thank the person but we suspect（猜想）that it may have been one of our wonderful neighbors. Bradley painted a big" !" on the sign and we left it outside for a couple of weeks afterwards, hoping the kind stranger would drive down our street.

A delighted Bradley was able to buy a new bicycle. As the years went on, the bicycles became bigger and more expensive but remained just as important for those family bicycle rides. Now Bradley is 25. Sometimes I miss the days when receiving a bicycle was the best thing in the world to them.

All these years later we are still thankful for the stranger's kindness. We were a young family with three little children and it meant a lot to us. We still talk about it and, even now, wonder who the kind stranger was.

（1）According to the passage, Bradley often when he was a child.

A. made signs

B. rode a bike

C. took a walk

D. collected mails

（2）Which of the following is the best to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4？

A. Thank you

B. Come back

C. A new bicycle

D. A good boy

（3）From the action of the stranger, we can learn that .

A. love builds a warm family

B. a special memory lasts long

C. a kindness helps others a lot

D. happiness makes a better life

（4）The best title for the passage can be .

A. A Rich Stranger

B. A Bicycle for Bradley

C. A Thankful Mother

D. A Banknote for the Family

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】文章讲述了作者的小儿子的自行车被偷了，小男孩期待它能回来，于是写了一个牌子，第二天他们在信箱发现100元钱，让他自己买个新自行车，我们一直不知道这个好心的陌生人是谁，我们一直很感恩。

（1）推理题。根据They spent hours and hours, day after day, on their bicycles, riding up and down the footpath, and at the front of the house. We also rode together as a family a lot.可知Bradley小时候经常骑自行车，故选B。

（2）推理题。根据We've never been able to thank the person but we suspect（猜想）that it may have been one of our wonderful neighbors,和hoping the kind stranger would drive down our street.可知应是“谢谢您”，故选A。

（3）推理题。根据All these years later we are still thankful for the strangers kindness. We were a young family with three little children and it meant a lot to us.可知善举能帮助其他人很多，故选C。

（4）主旨题。根据文章讲述了作者的小儿子的自行车被偷了，小男孩期待它能回来，于是写了一个牌子，第二天他们在信箱发现100元钱，让他自己买个新自行车，我们一直不知道这个好心的陌生人是谁，我们一直很感恩，故表示应是A Bicycle for Bradley 布拉德利的自行车，故选B 。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文推断题主旨题，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

6．阅读理解

How do you get to school every day? By bus or car? Song Kexin, a 14-year-old schoolgirl in Xiamen, prefers to go to school on her bike. "It's the quickest and easiest way to get to school," she said. "When there's a traffic jam, I feel the freedom while passing so many car lines."

China was once known as the kingdom of bicycles. But these years, the popularity of bicycles in Europe is rising. Last year, more bicycles were sold than cars in Europe, according to the BBC.

Cycling is a safe, clean and cheap way to get around the city. It makes both traffic jams and pollution less, and is great for our health.

Of course, Rome wasn't built in a day. The popularity of cycling in many European countries is greatly because of bike-friendly policies.

As the traditional "cycling capital" in Northern Europe, Copenhagen's roads keep bicycles and motor cars separated（分离）as much as possible. On these roads, there are pre-green lights

for cyclists. These kinds of bicycle traffic lights turn green a few seconds before car traffic lights do. They give the cyclists time to avoid traffic while they are crossing.

In Amsterdam, people can hire a bike from almost anywhere in the city. You can start from three hours and the average price for a full day is 8 euros （66.8 yuan）.

This year, in Ruian, there are also similar policies to hire public bikes. It's only 20 yuan for a full day. Do you see them around the city? It's important to be safe when you are cycling. If you remember the following ideas, you will be safer.

■Although you may think a helmet（头盔）is not cool, it can protect your head if you fall down. Just choose the one that fits you best.

■Stop at all stop signs and obey red lights just as cars do. It's a good idea to walk your bike across busy crossings by following traffic lights.

■If you are cycling with friends, ride in a line. Don't ride with each other side by side.

■Wearing headphones while you are biking is not a good idea. You need to hear what's going on around you.

（1）Which of these advantages of cycling are NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. Quick, easy and free.

B. Safe, clean and cheap.

C. Green, healthy and popular.

D. Convenient, traditional and comfortable.

（2）In Paragraph 5, the underlined word "They" refers to " ".

A. pre-green lights

B. car traffic lights

C. Copenhagen's roads

D. bike rental companies

（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Cycling is much better than driving cars.

B. It is helpful for cyclists to wear a helmet.

C. More bicycles were sold than cars in China last year.

D. In Amsterdam, the average price for a bike is 8 euros.

（4）What is the best title for the passage?

A. Be Careful While Biking

B. Bike-friendly Policies Around Us

C. Bikes' Rising Popularity in Europe

D. How to Solve the Problems of Transportation

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是中国曾经是自行车王国，但是这些年欧洲人们骑自行车的人的数量正在上升，人们为什么要骑自行车和怎样骑自行车更安全。

（1）细节理解题。根据 Cycling is a safe, clean and cheap way to get around the city. But these

years, the popularity of bicycles in Europe is rising. It makes both traffic jams and pollution less, and is great for our health. As the traditional "cycling capital" in Northern Europe, Copenhagen's roads keep bicycles and motor cars separated（分离）as much as possible. In Amsterdam, people can hire a bike from almost anywhere in the city. 文章提到自行车可租用，不是免费的，故选A。

（2）词意猜测题。根据 On these roads, there are pre-green lights for cyclists. These kinds of bicycle traffic lights turn green a few seconds before car traffic lights do. They give the cyclists time to avoid traffic while they are crossing. 在这些路上，对于骑行者有优先绿灯。这些自行车的交通绿灯在机动车交通绿灯前几秒钟变绿。当骑行者穿过马路时它们给他们时间来避免交通拥堵。可知此处they指的是优先绿灯。故选A。

（3）细节理解题。根据 Although you may think a helmet（头盔）is not cool, it can protect your head if you fall down. 虽然你可能认为头盔不酷，如果你摔下来它能保护你的头。可知戴头盔有用。故选B。

（4）主旨大意题。这篇短文讲的是现在自行车为什么在欧洲很受欢迎。故选C。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。解答细节理解题时，常用定位法，根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案。推理判断题既要透过文章表面文字推测文章隐含意思，又要根据作者的态度、意图和文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，不要固守自己的观点和看法，对于主旨大意题，要根据文章的中心思想确定。

7．阅读理解

Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their age. Especially, as children and teenagers, even adults, people make their friends based on proximity （邻近）more than anything else. Even in a college classroom, the students may not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests. It's the people they really sit next to. Clearly, who stands to you has the greatest influence on you. As Jim Rohn has widely said. "You are average （平均） of five people you spend the most little with."

Over the past ten months, I've paid Ryan, it Famous writer of several bestselling books, to help with the book I'm writing. Working with him has shown me just how low my standards for my work are. For example, every time I send him a drab （草稿）, he shows me how it could be 10 times better, and he holds me to that standard.

▲ It's because that I don't know what I don't know. Working with Ryan has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful.

Like Ryan, my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience than I have. He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers. He's been speaking and doing events for 20 years. Richard always performs at high levels, and he is also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection （反映） on him. It's not a bad thing because it creates high pressure

（压力） to help me make great progress in organizing author training.

In a word, you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and potential. Staying with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change. If you don't change your environment, your progress will be very slow. Who you stay with has huge importance. You can't ignore this.

（1）Why did the writer quote （引用） Jim Rohn's words in Paragraph 1?

A. To support the writer's opinion.

B. To introduce the writer's best friend.

C. To show Jim Rohn's working ability.

D. To prove Jim Rohn is a great person.

（2）Which of the following can be put at the beginning of Paragraph 3?

A. It's not that my workmates' abilities are low.

B. It's not that my working ability was born low.

C. It's not that' e friends based on proximity.

D. It's not that I've paid Ryan to help me with my book.

（3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to （指代）?

A. The writer's performance.

B. Jim Rohn's famous saying.

C. Richard's different experience.

D. Richard's strictness with the writer.

（4）The writer mainly wants to tell us that ________________.

A. we can improve our working abilities by ourselves

B. we must pay attention to our talent and potential

C. we'd better make friends with those who can hold us to higher levels

D. we should stay with those who have similar personalities and interests

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是你身边的人对你的影响很大，如果你想取得更的的进步，你就要和很优秀的人在一起，他能帮你实现你的目标和挖掘你的潜力。（1）推理判断题。 "You are average （平均） of five people you spend the most little with." 一个人就是你花费最多时间在一起的五个人的平均水平。根据下文内容讲的是你周围人对你的影响很大。可知作者在第一段引用Jim Rohn 的话很显然是为了支持自己的观点。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据 It's because that I don't know what I don't know. Working with Ryan has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful. 这是因为我不只是我不懂什么。和Ryan在一起使我意识到什么是可能的，它要花费什么来创造有能力的东西。可知我的工作能力不是生来就低。故选B。

（3）词意推测题。根据 he is also very strict with me.他对我也很严格，正是这种严格给我更高的压力，让我进步。可知it指的是对我的严格要求，故选D。

（4）主旨大意题。通过全文的理解可知知，本文的主旨就是建议我们多和优秀的人接触，从而帮助自己优秀。故选C。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。此题考查细节理解。推理判断，词意猜测和主旨大意题。对

于细节理解可知直接从短文中找出问题答案。对于推理判断题，要根据作者饿观点和文章的细节内容进行仔细推理，从而找出问题正确答案。对于主旨大意题要根据文章的主题句进行确定。

8．阅读理解

Do you have many passwords for your credit cards（信用卡） or different websites? Do you try to remember them all? As we are advised to have the passwords memorized by heart for safety reasons, not written down, lots of people find it hard to keep them in mind.

However, this problem has been solved by a microchip （芯片） company. The scientists there designed a very small microchip with an electronic circuit（线路）. It can identify（识别） you. By putting the microchip under the skin of your hand, you can have access to（有权进人）things with no need for passwords or cards. In this case, it means that you don't have to remember any passwords.

Office workers in Stockholm, Sweden were offered the chance to have the microchip put under their skin if they wish. It allowed them to get in and out of their workplaces and log into（登录）their computers without keys, Besides, they could also use the new technology to pay for the food in the cafe. But some of the workers thought it was a risky idea to have a microchip put under their skin. They considered that the microchip might cause health problems one day.

Anyway, this new technology is fun. With the rapid development of technology, we seem to be on our way to being part human, part machine, don't we?

（1）What does the underlined word "passwords" mean in Chinese?

A. 数字

B. 图案

C. 密码

D. 账户（2）The microchip is about _________________.

A. a card widely used in computers

B. something that can help identify people

C. a password for the credit cards or websites

D. a card with which you can go into your workplace

（3）If the microchip is put under the skin of your hand, you can _________________.

A. pay for your food without credit cards

B. play your computer as long as you like

C. go wherever you want without money

D. have access to things without passwords or cards

（4）Some of the workers thought the microchip was a risky idea because .

A. it might make people become lazy

B. it might be bad for health

C. it would change humans into machines

D. it might make people feel comfortable

（5）What's the best title for this passage?

A. The introduction of a microchip

B. A microchip company

C. How to make the microchip

D. A microchip widely used

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了一家微芯片公司设计了一个带有电子电路的微型芯片，解决了记忆秘密的问题。

（1）词义猜测题。根据credit cards（信用卡）or different websites? Do you try to remember them all信用卡还是不同的网站？你试着记住他们所有人吗可知passwords是密码的意思，故选C。

（2）推理题。根据It can identify（识别） you可知芯片是关于有助于识别人的东西，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据By putting the microchip under the skin of your hand, you can have access to（有权进人） things with no need for passwords or cards可知如果微芯片放在你的皮肤下，你可以不用密码或卡片就能接触到东西，故选D。

（4）细节题。根据But some of the workers thought it was a risky idea to have a microchip put under their skin. They considered that the microchip might cause health problems one day可知，一些工人认为微芯片是一个危险的想法因为这可能对健康有害，故选B。

（5）主旨题。根据本文介绍了一家微芯片公司设计了一个带有电子电路的微型芯片，解决了记忆秘密的问题可知The introduction of a microchip适合做标题，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，词义猜测题和主旨题四种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，词义猜测题需要根据上下文提炼相关信息锁定词意，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

9．阅读理解

In about 1503, during Christopher Columbus's fourth and final trip to America, his ship was seriously damaged in a storm. Columbus and his men had to live on a small island for several months while they tried to repair their ship and return to Spain.

At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive. However, as the months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them. Finally the locals decided to stop helping. Without food or any way to leave the island, Columbus's group was soon in serious trouble.

Luckily for Columbus, he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship. It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky. The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would be a total lunar eclipse（月食）and how long it would last.

Columbus worked out the difference in time between Germany and North America. He then had a meeting with the local leaders just before the eclipse would take place. In this meeting, Columbus told them his god was angry because the local people were no longer giving food. So his god would take away the Moon to punish them. At the moment Columbus finished talking,

just as he had planned, the Moon began disappearing.

The local leaders grew frightened and quickly agreed to provide Columbus with food and anything else he wanted. But first, Columbus's god had to return the Moon. Columbus told them he would have to discuss the idea with his god on his ship. Knowing the Moon would stay completely hidden for about 48 minutes, Columbus returned just before the Moon began to reappear. From that day on, until they finally left, Columbus and his men no longer had any trouble getting the food they needed.

（1）At first, the local people helped Columbus and his men by .

A. giving them food and clothes

B. building a house for them

C. repairing their ship

D. providing them with a book

（2）The local people became angry because the Europeans .

A. looked very different

B. had nothing to trade

C. were cheats and thieves

D. wanted to take their land

（3）Where did Columbus learn about the lunar eclipse？

A. From a book.

B. From the Moon.

C. From his group.

D. From the locals.（4）What can we learn about the Europeans from the passage？

A. They all believed in God.

B. They never returned to Spain.

C. They admired the local people.

D. They caused their own problems.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：大约在1503年，克里斯托弗·哥伦布第四次也是最后一次到美国旅行时，他的船在一场风暴中严重受损。哥伦布和他的部下在一个小岛上住了几个月。一开始岛上的人对他们很友好，但是后来他们偷盗当地人的东西，当地人就停止了所有的供应，哥伦布了解天文，他计算出了月食的时间，说是上帝对当地人不给他们提供帮助的惩罚，于是当地人就开给他们提供帮助了。

（1）细节理解题，根据At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive.可知一开始的时候，当地人给他们吃的穿的，给他们提供帮助，故答案是A。

（2）细节理解题，根据However, as the months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them.壳可知欧洲人对他们欺骗，偷盗所以他们生气了，故答案是C。

（3）细节理解题，根据 The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would

be a total lunar eclipse（月食）and how long it would last.可知，哥伦布是从书上知道的月食发生的时间，故答案是A。

（4）逻辑推理题，根据文章内容可知，欧洲人遇到的问题是他们自作自受，故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和逻辑推理题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；逻辑推理题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

10．阅读理解

Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone （里程碑） in space research. On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 became the first lunar probe （月球探测器） in history to successfully land on the far side of the moon.

The Earth's gravity （重力） slows the moon's rotation （自转）, matching it to the speed of its orbit （公转）. Therefore, the far side of the moon is almost "dark" and has never been seen. It's this sense of the unknown that makes the far side of the moon such an interesting place for scientific and space research. Being blown by solar （太阳的） winds, the far side may have the special minerals （矿物质）. For this reason, Chang'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft. Chang'e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon. If it is, then the moon will become a possible choice for space travel in the future.

However, research of the "dark" side isn't easy. As the far side is blocked（阻断） off from us, radio noise coming off Earth is also blocked. This is why China's relay satellite （中继卫星）Queqiao was sent up in May, 2018. Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem between Earth and Chang'e-4 has been well solved.

Power supply （电源供应） is also a challenge to the task. Chang'e-4 gets energy from the sun through its solar panels. As we know, a lunar day has the length （长度） of 28 Earth days. After Chang'e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018, it took the probe over 20 days to orbit the moon to be in a position to be able to land in moon daylight and use its solar panels.

Luckily, everything goes well, Chang'e-4 has worked on the "dark" side for over 5 months. It has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon and has been used to carry out some scientific experiments.

The New York Times used the word "groundbreaking" to praise the task and wrote that "it will offer help to the history and development of the moon".

（1）When was Chang'e-4 sent up?

A. In May, 2018.

B. On December 8, 2018.

C. On January 3, 2019.

D. The passage doesn't tell us.

（2）The main tasks of Chang'e-4 don't include _______________________.

A. studying if life is possible on the moon

B. studying the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface

C. solving the communication problem between Earth and other probes

D. researching any mineral found by the spacecraft

（3）The meaning of the underlined word "groundbreaking" in the last paragraph is the closest to "________________".

A. harmful

B. unpredictable

C. risky

D. pioneering

（4）According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Chang'e-4 has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon.

B. A lunar day has the length of 28 Earth days.

C. China's relay satellite Queqiao was sent up in order to offer power supply to probes.

D. Chang'e-4 is the first lunar probe in history that has successfully landed on the "dark" side of the moon.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了中国的嫦娥四号月球探测器，为我们讲述了嫦娥四号升空时间，什么时候在月球背面着陆，如何跟地球进行通讯联系等等。

（1）细节理解题，根据After Chang'e-4 was sent up on December 8,可知，嫦娥四号是在2018年12月8号发射升空的，故答案是B。

（2）细节理解题，根据For this reason, Chang'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft. Chang'e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon.可知，嫦娥四号的人物包括研究月球表面的太阳风的影响，寻找矿物质，携带花种、土豆和蚕卵看，他们是否恩能够在月球成活，不包括解决地球与月球的通讯问题，故答案是C。（3）细节理解题，groundbreaking的一是是开创性的，A.有伤害的；B.难以预料的；C.冒险的，D先锋，故答案是D。

（4）正误判断题，根据Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem betweenEarth and Chang'e-4 has been well solved.可知鹊桥中继卫星的发射是微利解决通讯问题，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题和正误判断题，细节理解题一般可知直接在文中找到答案，正误判断题也是细节理解题的一种，也是基于短文内容进行判断的。

11．阅读短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe. There are a lot of myths about the human brain.

One of the biggest myths is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. The next part of the myth is that if we can learn to use the rest of our brains, then we'll be much smarter. People say this all the time, but it's absolutely not true! The truth is that although we don't know everything about the human brain, we know that each part of it has an important function （功能）. Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous（荒谬的）.

The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. This is as popular as the 10 percent myth, and it's also wrong. In 2013, a study at an American university examined the right brain and left brain myth. According to the study, we use both sides of our brains equally （相等地）.

It's true that we use different parts of our brains for different things. We use our left side for language more, and our right side when we need to pay attention. But there is no evidence （证据） that creative people use the right side more, or that scientific people use the left side more.

We've talked about myths, so let's look at a few interesting facts about the brain. First of all, the brain feels no pain. Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. It's also the fattest organ in your body. Here's another interesting fact about the brain. Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.

（1）The underlined word "This" in Paragraph 3 refers to ▲ .

A. the left brain myth

B. the right brain and left brain myth

C. the use of human brains

D. the study of an American university

（2）According to the facts mentioned in the passage, ________ may use the left brain more.

A. Robert, who is learning English

B. Kate, who is drawing pictures

C. Jenny, who is designing clothes

D. Jacob, who is doing research

（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the human brain?

A. It is growing all life long.

B. The right side is used more by artists.

C. Some parts of it are not used at all.

D. Three quarters of it is made of water.

（4）The passage mainly tells about ________.

A. the growing of the brain

B. different functions of the brain

C. right brain and left brain

D. myths and facts about the brain

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了有关大脑的传说是不真实的，同时告诉我们有趣

的事实，大脑没有疼痛，大脑的百分之五是水。也是身体最胖的器官。在一个就是大约在18岁，你的大脑就停止生长了。

（1）词义猜测题，根据According to this myth和后文This is as popular as the 10 percent

myth, and it's also wrong. 可知this指的是上文说的有关左脑和右脑的神话，故答案是B。（2）逻辑推理题。根据 We use our left side for language more, 可知学习语言用左脑多一些。故选A。

（3）正误判断题，根据 Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. ，百分之75的大脑是水做的，Three quarters，四分之三，相当于百分之75，因此D是对的，故答案是D。

（4）主旨大意题，本文主要告诉我们有关大脑的神话和事实，故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到细节理解题、词义猜测题、正误判断题和主旨大意题。细节理解题和政务判断题都可以直接从文中找到依据，逻辑推理题则需要根据位置事实与已知事实的联系确定答案，主旨大意题则需要在充分理解文章的基础上归纳出文章的中心。

12．阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

It was Day 1 of our vacation on Cortes, a beautiful quiet island. "iPhone, iPhone, iPhone," my son kept moaning （呻吟）. In front of him was a big window facing the blue ocean. And a cool gentle wind was coming in from the door. Clearly, he saw and felt none of it.

Back at home, I'd soon give up and hand the phone over to him after five minutes of listening to this kind of moaning.

But not here. Before we left, I had told my 10-year-old son the rule—no emails, no Facebook, no video games, and no iPhone. We came here to get away from them all. Here we were on our first day and already, he couldn't stand it.

▲ I walked down the grass road to the beach and looked out to the sea. My 6-year-old daughter and my husband were drawing on pieces of wood. They were doing just fine.

On Day 2, we spent the whole morning digging for shells （贝壳）. This time, my son joined us. He collected shellfish and other sea treasures. When we got back to our little wood house, I gave my son a book, and put him on the lovely garden chair. It was almost dinner when he looked up. The next few days passed in peace.

On Day 6, my son was lying beside me on the beach, watching the sun going down. He was playing with the sand. And there was something shining in his eyes. I realized how time slowed down for both of us. It was exactly what I wanted. Finally, we were able to sit quietly without thinking about screens, phone calls and e-mail.

A week away from all the electronics arid Lile is good.

（1）What is the special rule for the writer's vacation?

A. They couldn't use their electronics.

B. They must keep quiet and stay in the house.

C. They had to spend their vacation on an island.

D. They should collect as many shells as possible.

（2）Which of the following can be put in " ▲ " in Paragraph 4?

A. I felt really tired and went to bed.

B. I closed the door and stayed with him.

C. I just walked outside to leave him alone.

D. I gave him his iPhone and let him stay inside.

（3）The change of the son's feelings can be described as ________.

A. angry → surprised → proud

B. excited → peaceful → bored

C. worried → angry → hopeful

D. bored → peaceful → pleased

（4）The best title for the passage can be ________.

A. A Terrible Life on the Island

B. A Special iPhone for My Son

C. A Fight between Mother and Son

D. A Vacation Away from Electronics

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：这篇短文讲的是为了远离电子产品我和儿子在科尔特斯岛进行一周度假，在每天电子产品的的情况下是怎样度过这一周的和这几天儿子的改变。（1）细节理解题。根据

Before we left, I had told my 10-year-old son the rule—no emails, no Facebook, no video games, and no iPhone. 可知作者假期的规定是不能使用电子产品，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据 I walked down the grass road to the beach and looked out to the sea. My 6-year-old daughter and my husband were drawing on pieces of wood. They were doing just fine.我出来散步，女儿和丈夫在树木上画画，可知把儿子独自留在家里。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据 In front of him was a big window facing the blue ocean. And a cool gentle wind was coming in from the door. Clearly, he saw and felt none of it. 可知他感到无聊，The next few days passed in peace. 第二天平静度过； On Day 6, my son was lying beside me on the beach, watching the sun going down. He was playing with the sand. And there was something shining in his eyes. 到最后一天儿子的眼中有什么东西在闪光。可知此刻他很高兴。儿子思想的变化从开始的无聊到平静再到高兴。故选D。

（4）题目归纳题。文章内容讲述的是没有电子产品的这一周假期是怎样度过的，故选D。

【点评】此题考查阅读理解。对于细节理解题，先分析问题，弄清题意，然后阅读短文从短文的细节中找出问题答案。对于题目归纳，要根据文章的中心思想确定。

13．阅读理解

Have you ever stayed in a hotel? Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable （一次性的） toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers. Many guests like the idea because they don't have to bring their own. But, if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring your own things. Starting from June, some hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables. They want to ask people to use less disposable things.

Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It is a waste of natural resources （资源） and is very bad for the environment. Do you

know, one Chinese person makes as much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of that waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again.

Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life: Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones. After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then you can use it over and over again. Do not use paper cups. At your school canteen（食堂）, use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.（1）Why do many hotels provide guests with some disposable things?

A. Let their guests be convenient during their travelling.

B. Hope their guests use less disposable things.

C. Wish their guests to save money.

D. Want their guests to use more disposable things.

（2）Some Beijing hotels will no longer provide guests with ____.

A. cheap food and drink

B. disposable things

C. good service

D. free TV programs （3）Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Many disposable things are made of plastic.

B. Throwing disposable things away is a waste of natural resources.

C. Plastic is very bad for the environment.

D. Plastic breaks down easily.

（4）What can we do to make our world a better place at home and school?

A. Use shopping bags made of plastic.

B. Do not throw away paper cups.

C. Use disposable plates, bowls and chopsticks.

D. Do not forget to reuse daily necessities（日用品）.

（5）We can tell from the story that ____.

A. people don't like disposable things at all

B. we can't use paper or plastic bowls at school

C. we should use less plastic things and protect our environment

D. hotels won't provide disposable things because they want to save money

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

（5）C

【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述一次性用品浪费自然资源而且对环境有害，北京的一些酒店将不再为客人提供这些一次性用品。他们想让人们少用一次性用品。倡导人们用布制购物袋而不用塑料袋。

（1）推断题。根据Many guests like the idea because they don't have to bring their own.可知，让他们的客人在其旅游中方便，故选A。

（2）细节题。根据some hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables.可知，一些北京旅馆将不再给顾客提供一次性用品，故选B。

（3）细节题。根据Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down.可知，塑料要花费100到400年才分解，所以不容易分解，故选D。

（4）推断题。根据So, wherever you travel, bring your own things and use them again and again.可知，让我们的世界在家里和学校变得更美好，我们应该重复使用日用品，故选D。（5）主旨题。本文主要讲述为了保护我们的环境我们应该少用塑料用品，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

14．阅读理解

Playing video games and getting money for it seems like a dream job for many of today's teenagers. But is it all fun and games?

Big business

Pro （professional）gaming is certainly big business. In 2017, there were more than 3,000 gaming competitions and over 10,000 professional players worldwide. A large number of people watch their competitions online, and successful gamers can get more than 1,000,000 dollars from prize money and ads. The industry is clearly thriving.

What it takes

Becoming a professional is not just about being good at playing games- it also takes a lot of hard work. Some pro gamers practice for fourteen hours a day. "You need to spend much time and put all your efforts to it", says ex-gamer George

Not all fun and games

It can be a difficult job as well. Stress is a big problem for gamers. Tiredness is another, and injuries（受伤）are common. Top player Hai Lam had wrist（手腕）problems after years of pro gaming. Careers（生涯）are short, and many gamers retire （退休） before they are 30 and try to find another job.

However, the bad points probably won't change the dreams of many teenage gamers. And angry parents are still likely to hear the excuse, "But I'm just practicing for my future job!"

（1）How many professional players were there around the world in 2017?

A. 130,000.

B. More than 3, 000.

C. Over 1,000,000.

D. More than 10,000（2）What does the underlined word "thriving" in Paragraph 2 mean

A. Getting worse.

B. Doing well.

C. Developing slowly.

D. Changing quickly.（3）What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage?

A. Children are angry with their parents

B. Teenagers practice games for their future jobs

C. Some teenagers are crazy about playing games

D. Parents stop their children playing games successfully.

（4）What's the main idea of the passage?