定语从句语法总结归纳

（一）That引导的定语从句

The camel that I rode had a bad temper.

The games that they love the most are cricket and rugby.

There were kangaroos that were jumping alongside the car on our way back from Uluru. that 引导的定语从句

概念：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句, 定语从句在句中做定语成分。看下面的几个例句：

Look at the photos that I took on my trip.

看我在旅行时照的照片。

My dad’s got a camera that takes photos under water.

我爸爸有一个能在水下照相的相机。

先行词：是被定语从句所修饰的词,通常是名词或代词。

关系词：是引导定语从句的词，在从句中替代先行词。

注意: 关系词要在从句中充当一定的成分。关系代词所替代的词在从句中不能再出现。

定语从句一般要放在先行词之后。因此，定语从句在句中的位置随其先行词位置的变化而化。如：

Have you seen the photos that I took on my trip?

The photo that I took on my trip are on the desk.

that引导的定语从句可以修饰无生命的东西，也可以修饰有生命的动物或人。

如：

What’s the name of the animal that jumps about?

Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday?

（二）which, who引导的定语从句

Which引导的定语从句

He’s the p hotographer who won the PhotoCompetition last time!

The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.

It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous.

A collection of photos which features Beijing won the prize for the most Unusual category.

看下面的几个例句：

It successfully shows the rich culture which makes Beijing so famous.

它成功地展示了使北京闻名遐迩的悠久文化。

The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.我们最喜欢的照片是赵敏照的。

由此，我们可以看出：

which 引导的定语从句修饰的是无生命的东西。which 在从句中的成分是可以作主语，也可以作宾语。

Who 引导的定语从句

下面我们再看一个句子：

由此，我们可以看出：

如果先行词是人，那么定语从句的引导词就可以是who 。

注意：当who 在从句中作宾语时，在现代语法规则简化为大多数情况下都可用who 了。 如：Do you know Mr Zhang who(m) they like very much?

that 与which 的区别

在先行词是物的定语从句中，一般情况下that 和which 都可以通用, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that 而不用which 。

1. 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow.

2. 先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。

I ’ve read all the books that are not mine.

3. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

This is the first book that he has read.

4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same,the last 修饰时。

This is the very book that belongs to him.

5. 先行词为人和物的组合。

They talked for an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

6. 若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者which, 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which ，

而用 that 。 Which of the books that you borrowed from the library is the most interesting?

定语从句引导词的省略

首先我们来看一个例句：

这个句子中定语从句的引导词被省略了。这句话完整的应该是：

The cartoons (that/which) I like have lots of jokes.

在英语中，如果定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语就可以省略，

无论从句修饰的是人还是物。

再来看下面的句子：

The cartoonist we spoke to still uses pen and paper to make his drawings.

为什么引导词作宾语可以省略呢？

因为省略后的从句仍然是完整的，有主语、谓语，我们仍然可以分辨出哪部分是定语从句。 但是，如果引导词在从句中作主语就不能省略。

如：

I

什么情况下引导词作宾语可以省略呢？

在日常口语中，在定语从句中作宾语的引导词往往被省略，但在较正式的文字中则较少省略。

Whose 引导的定语从句

Children whose midday meals were unhealthy were difficult to teach in the afternoon.

He ’s the person whose camera I nearly lost.

Jamie is a cook whose ideas are changing school dinners.

这一模块我们来学习用whose 引导的定语从句:

首先，我们来试着翻译下面这个句子：

引导词在从句中作宾

他是我们班唯一一个爸爸是警察的学生。

这里的定语从句为什么要用whose 呢？ 在前几模块的学习中我们了解到：

定语从句的引导词与两点有关，一是先行词，二是引导词在定语从句中充当的成分。如果引导词在定语从句中作定语，就要用

whose 。

先行词为无生命的物体时也可以用whose 引导定语从句。如： The book whose cover is green is mine. 那个绿皮书是我的。 No one now lives in the room whose windows are broken. 窗子坏了的那个房间现在没人住。 在英语中，对于万以上的数字，我们改如何表达呢？这就要记住英语数字读法特点。以下面一个数字为例：

注意每三个数为一个单位，按照百、十、个向下读。

six billion,five hundred million,four hundred and thirty-one thousand,seven hundred and twenty-nine