名词性从句2

名词性从句

一．四类名词从句

1. 在句子中，名词或名词短语主要充当四种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语

2. 把句子当作名词来用，分别在另一个句子中做主语、宾语、表语和同位语构成四种从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

下面，我们来初步认识一下四种名词性从句的样子。

主语从句

The book is interesting.

book名词作主语；

What I am reading is interesting.

完整句what I am reading 作主语，因此被称为主语从句。该从句有自己的主语（I）和谓语（am reading）， what在主语从句中作am reading的宾语。

宾语从句

I believe his words.

words作宾语。

I believe what he said.

完整句what he said作宾语，因此被称为宾语从句。

该从句有自己的主语（he）和谓语（said），what 在宾语从句中作said的宾语。

表语从句

English is a useful tool.

a useful tool作表语。

The book is what I want.

完整句子what I want作表语，因此被称为表语从句。该从句有自己的主语（I）和谓语（want），what 在表语从句中作want的宾语。

同位语从句

I like the book, Gone with the Wind.

Gone with the Wind作book的同位语。

The mother must accept the fact that her baby is deaf.

完整句that her baby is deaf作fact的同位语，因此被称为同位语从句。该从句有自己的主语（her baby）和谓语部分（is deaf），that在同位语从句中不充当成分。

二．三种句子来充当四种成分

名词从句的本质——陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句充当一个句子的某一种成分。这句是学习名词性从句的精髓，请大家一定切记心中。

先认识一下三种句子吧。

陈述句

The Earth is round.

That the Earth is round is a fact.

陈述句That the Earth is round作主语，构成主语从句。

一般疑问句：

Does he need my help?

I don’t know if he needs my help.

一般疑问句if he needs my help作宾语，构成宾语从句。

特殊疑问句：

Where did he go?

I don’t know where he went.

特殊疑问句作宾语，构成宾语从句。

想要充分理解掌握名词性从句的精髓吗？那就随我一起掌握下面的这个名词性从句过关表吧，它的功用想必看过的人不言自明了。

名词性从句过关表：

连词that 对应于陈

述句 That在从句中不作成分

连词whether, if 对应于一

般疑问句

whether, if在从句中

不作成分

连接副词when, where, why, how;

连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose 对应于特

殊疑问句

when, where, why, how

作状语；

who, whom, what作主

语、宾语、表语；

which, whose作定语，

后面接名词连用。

此表永记心中，保准名词性从句过目不忘。

接下来，我们分别具体了解陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句是如何充当句子的四种的成分的。首先来看，陈述句。

三．陈述句充当四种句子成分

要在陈述句句首加上that, 然后把“that+陈述句”这一结构分别放在另一个句子的四种位置即构成四种名词从句。

1）主语从句：

把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在主语位置即构成主语从句：

English is difficult.

That English is difficult is not my idea. 有人认为英语很难，我可不这么认为。

主语谓语部分

He doesn’t understand English.

That he doesn’t understand English is obvious.

他不懂英语，这很显然。

The world is round.

That the world is round is a fact. 地球是圆的，这是一基本常识。

The moon itself does not give off light.

That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge. 月球本身不发光这是一个常识。

更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首，而将主语从句放在句末。这种形式在阅读和写作中经常可以看到、用到，所以，请细心掌握哦。

That he doesn’t understand English is obvious. 转化为It is obvious that he doesn’t understand English.

That the world is round is a fact.

转化为It is a fact that the world is round. That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.

转换为It is common knowledge that the moon itself does not give off light.

2）宾语从句：

把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在宾语位置即构成宾语从句：

I think (that) you are right.

We know (that) the world is round.

现在，我们来看一句蓝色Delta阅读quiz 10中出现的宾语从句，具体感受一下理解语法的实际功用吧。

Most believe that the intense gravitational forces would rip apart the astronauts long before they were crushed at the singularity.

大多数人认为，强烈的重力将使宇航员在到达奇点之前就被撕扯开。

记住，只有宾语从句中的that才可以省去，而主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不要省去。

3）表语从句：

把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在表语的位置即构成表语从句。

My idea is that the child should be sent to school.

4）同位语从句：

把“that+陈述句”这一结构放在同位语位置即构成同位语从句。

同位语就是为了补充说明名词的成分，当我们用一个完整的陈述句来补充名词时，即构成同位语从句。因此同位语从句都是位于一个名词后边，形式上便构成“名词+that+陈述句”。

The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody. 他试验取得成功，这让大家很高兴。

that he succeeded in the experiment为同位语从句，具体补充说明the fact。

The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.有人曾谣传Tom是小偷，结果证明是不对的。

that Tom was a thief为同位语从句，具体补充说明the rumor。

阅读文章中，同位语从句经常与所修饰的名词被其他成分隔开。

They spread the lie everywhere that Tom was guilty of theft.他们到处散布谣言说Tom犯有盗窃罪。

同位语从句被状语everywhere分开。

A saying goes that practice makes perfect.俗

话说熟能生巧。

同位语从句被谓语goes分开。

四、一般疑问句可充当四种成分

1.一般疑问句要变成陈述句，并用whether或if

来引导。

1）主语从句：

Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.他来不来对我无所谓。

2）宾语从句

I don’t know if/whether he needs my help.

She asked whether/if there are any drugstores in this street.

3）表语从句

My concern is whether he comes or not.我关心的是他到底来不来。

4）同位语从句

They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.他们面临是否继续干下去这个问题。

2. if还是whether?

1）if一般只引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句。

If he comes or not makes no difference.

错误，不用if引导主语从句。

The question is if he will come.

错误，不用if引导表语从句。

Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

正确，if只引导宾语从句。

2)if不和or not直接连用，即一般不说if or not。

但可以说if…or not。而whether没有此限制。

I don’t know if or not he comes.

错误，if不能和or not直接连用。

I don’t know whether or not he comes.

正确，whether可以和or not直接连用。

五、特殊疑问句可充当四种句子成分

1. 特殊疑问句变成陈述句语序。

There arose the question where could we get the loan. 这里我们要把特殊疑问句变换为陈述句where we could因此，句子要写成

There arose the question where we could get the loan.现在的问题是我们去哪里弄到这笔贷款。本句为同位语从句。

同样的，我们看以下两个例子的转换。

I have no idea when will he return.

I have no idea when he will return.

Why did he refuse to cooperate with us is still

a mystery.

Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery

2.充当四种成分

1）主语从句：

What he told you is true.

When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided.

Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.

Why he refused to cooperate with us is still

a mystery.

How a person masters his fate is more important than what his fate is.对于一个人来说，重要的是如何掌握自己的命运而不是被动地接受命运。

2）宾语从句

I don’t know why he did not come yesterday.

I want to know whose notebook is left on the table in the reading room.

3）表语从句

The point is whose book is the most interesting.

Money is what we are badly in need of.我们急需的是钱。

The point is when you will become rich. 问题是你什么时候变得有钱啊？

Yesterday is history. Tomorrow is a mystery. Today is a gift. That is why it is called the present!昨天是历史，明天是个谜。今天是一件礼物。因此它才被成为present!

4）同位语从句

I have no idea who he is.

I have no idea when he will return.

There arose the question where we could get the loan.

我们多用陈述句来补充名词的内容，因此同位语从句通常由that引导。

总结：

名词从句就是用三种句子来分别充当另外一个句子的四种成分。

三种句子是：陈述句、一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句。

四种成分是：主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

三种句子不是直接放在另一个句子中作成分，而是做以下调整：

1）用陈述句作成分时，需要在句首加that;

2）用一般疑问句作成分时，需要先将疑问句换成正常语序，然后在句首加上whether或if（只有在宾语从句中），已保留原句的疑问意义；

3）用特殊疑问句作成分时，只需要将疑问句换成正常语序。

好啦，名词性从句部分就讲解到这里，希望马儿们认真研读，并在读文章的过程中有意找出名词性从句，并分析到底是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。总之，理论与实际相结合才能立即见成效

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浙江省2020届高考英语二轮第11讲名词性从句(单项填空)学案

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名词性从句的解题技巧(二)

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