英文翻译格式示例

英文翻译格式示例
英文翻译格式示例

这是翻译的示例,字体字号行间距等格式请参照此例。

文档中不能有错别字,文字语句通顺、流畅,叙述简明扼要,思路要清晰,层次要清楚;要符合学校规定的撰写及排版格式要求,无低级错误。

一种关于注射成型改进的粗糙集方法浇注方案设计

F. Shi,Z. L. Lou,J.

G. Lu and Y. Q. Zhang

译者:★★★,材型07-2班 2007000000

摘要:在一个注塑模具中,浇口是最重要的功能结构之一,因为它对于注塑产品质量有直接影响。浇口方案设计包括闸门和计算的大小和位置类型选择,这取决于以前的经验和知识也包括试验和错误的过程。由于模糊性和不确定性,在一个浇口方案设计,经典粗集理论是不能奏效的。在此提出了一种模糊粗集模型建议,这不等同于关系为基础,但跟模糊相似关系。归纳学习算法基于模糊粗集模型(FRILA),然后提出的。相比决策树算法,这种建议算法可以产生更少的分类规则,而且,生成的规则更加简明。最后,智能原型的浇口控系统的方案设计基于诱导模糊的知识基础已开发。一个说明性例子证明了该方法的有效性。

关键词:模糊粗集;浇注计划;注塑模具;智能设计;知识获取

1 导言

品制造业在近几年迅速增长,塑料代替金属广泛使用。于制造热塑性塑料部件,注塑过程是最流行的成型工艺。该给料系统,这是重要的功能结构之一。由一个浇道,主流道,次流道和一个浇口。从机器喷嘴的熔融塑料流动通过浇口和流道系统,并通过门腔进入空洞。作为之间的连接流道和门腔,浇口可以直接影响模具排气,喷射发生,焊接线位置,翘曲,收缩和残余应力。因此,浇口的设计在保证模具的质量上是非常重要的。

浇口设计包括类型的选择,大小的计算和位置的确定。而浇口的设计是基于设计者经验和知识。位置和大小的确定是根据试错过程。近年来,功能和模拟环境和智能技术已经推出了浇口的设计。Lee和Kim使用翘曲,焊接线和冲击强度的评价标准来调查浇口位置。地搜索是用来确定浇口的位置节点[1]。 Saxena和Irani提出了一个非流形拓扑结构为基础环境的框架。一个浇口原型系统位置设计被开发。评价的标准基于几何相关的参数[2]。Lin选择注射位置和浇口尺寸作为主要控制参数,并选择了产品性能(变形)作为优化参数。结合推断网络技术和模拟退火优化算法,对于位置和浇口大小优化模型是构建[3,4]。Zhou 等。基于塑料件的分析,在确定了浇口的位置上建立规则集。浇口的位置是通过规则推理[5]Pandelidis等确定。基于初步浇口计划制定了可以优化浇口位置的系统。该系统应用MOLDFLOW软件进行流量分析,控制温差和优化策略外包装要素数目[6]。

2 粗集方法浇口方案设计

2.1 浇口方案设计

从上面的规则看,将选择直道浇口计划,其确定性因素的0.825 秒。如果部分类型是中间外壳且空腔数目是单数,不必有从部分中隔离浇口的情况。以上像是人类的语言一样,很容易理解。

3 执行FRILA

模糊粗集的归纳学习算法由三个步骤组成。这些步骤是属性的模糊化,是基于模糊相似关系和模糊归纳规则的属性约简。

3.1 不分明化的属性

一般来说,在决策表中有一些模糊属性,如压力损失。这些属性应该模糊化到语言词汇,例如,高,平均,低。换句话说,每个属性都模糊化成语言值

Ti=1,…,k。T 的隶属函数可以主观转让或转移数值。一个三角形隶属度函数如图2。其中(x)为成员的价值,x是属性的值。

3.2 属性约简模糊相似关系

近似古典定义最初被提出,它参考一不可分辨关系,即假设为一种等价关系(自反,对称和传递)。在实践中,不可分辨关系可以通过放宽传递属性扩展到一种模糊相似关系。

3.3 模糊规则归纳

基于上述模糊粗集模型,提出规则归纳学习算法,介绍如下:

1.属性模糊并对其进行模糊分布计算

2.计算每个属性的模糊相似矩阵。

3.计算模糊划分。

4.在算法2的基础上计算最小属性约简。

5.计算条件属性的属性核心符合决策属性,并获得条件属性的最小量,然后删除冗余对象。

6. 对于每一个对象,计算条件属性的核心值然后删除多余的属性值和对象。

7. 在决定删除表中的同一对象并翻译决策规则。

4 案例研究

为了评估该方法的有效性,在这一部分选择如图3举例。给出设计要求如下:

部分风格:中间壳

模腔数:单个

压力亏损:可能是高

部分单独浇口条件:必须易于

加工性能:必须易于

部分材料:ABS

4.1 模糊知识获取

4.2 讨论

5 结论

在浇口的设计中,浇口方案设计依赖于模具工程师的知识和经验且包括试错的过程。在本文中,浇口方案设计被详细讨论。由于在浇口选择的模糊和不确定性,经典粗集理论是不能奏效的。通过用一粗集结合一模糊集,模糊粗糙集的归纳学习算法被提出。利用该算法,制定了浇口选择的模糊规则集。相比决策树算法,该算法可以产生更少的

分类规则而且生成的规则更加简明。基于浇口方案知识基础的智能浇口方案设计原型系统已被开发,它可以提高浇口设计效率。

鸣谢

该文件是部分由国家自然科学基金(编号60175019)和中国上海青年基础科学支持。

参考文献

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injection-molded parts based on the modified complex method”, Polymer Plastics Technology Engineering, 34, pp. 793–811, 1995.

[2] M. Saxena and R. K. Ira ni, “An integrated NMT-based CAE environment-part :

Application to automated gating plan synthesis for injection molding”, Engineering with Computers, 9, pp. 220– 230, 1993.

[3] J. C. Lin, “Optimum gate design of freeform injection mould using the abducti ve

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injection mold runner system”, Journal of Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics, 12(1), pp. 6–10, 2000 (in Chinese).

[6] I. Pandelidis, Q. Zou and T. J. Linga rd, “Optimization of gate location and operational

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[9] Y. Yuan and M. J. Shaw, “Induction of fuzzy decision trees”, Fuzzy Sets and Systems,

69(2), pp. 125–139, 1995.

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基于交通服务感知质量的效用评价方法 Hideyuki Kita a Akira Kouchi b a Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Kobe, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan b Infrastructural Planning Department, Chodai Co. Ltd., 2-20-6, Shin-machi, Nishi-ku, Osaka, 550-0013, Japan 摘要:本研究旨在开发一个通过宏观交通状态数据评价微观驾驶环境的模型,并且展示一系列基于驾驶员视觉的交通服务质量估算方法的模型。该方法由三部分组成,第一部分通过宏观数据评价行驶速度和时间间隔分配,第二部分评价作为行驶速度和时间间隔联合概率的基点效用。第三部分通过利用经验公式的基点概率分布估计基段效用。通过一个研究案列论证所提出的方法。 关键词:驾驶员感知;交通服务质量;基础效用评价;估计方法;交通调查数据;相关函数 1 引言 交通服务质量直接关系到驾驶员的利益。为了提高交通服务质量,应采取必要措施提高驾驶员对道路规划和交通管理的满意度。采取适当的基于驾驶员感知的方法来评价路用性能是必要的。弄清驾驶员服务质量感知结构对区分驾驶员感知服务质量也是必要的。 从驾驶员感知的角度对服务质量的评价已经有了很大成就,研究人员对评价驾驶员感知结构的感知服务质量做了比以前更多的尝试,但是感知服务质量的层次结构依旧很少被人认识。基于驾驶员的感知结构的层次结构,包括基点服务质量、基段服务质量和基面服务质量。通过参考感知结构的服务质量,Kita(2000)提出了测量服务质量的方法的基本框架。这个框架的基本思想是服务质量的最小单位是微观驾驶环境,比如在每个路段驾驶员的视野范围内相对速度和空间时间间隔。驾驶员对于特定路段的服务质量感知是这些基点服务质量的集合。然而关于感知服务质量的重要因素—微观驾驶环境的数据却很难获得。另一方面,宏观交通状态变量,比如由微观交通状况变量集合的数据—速率,可以很容易的通过车辆检测器。在给定宏观交通状况下,捕捉发生在什么样的微观环境和到什么程度是必要的。但是,没有研究与以上观点相关,直到本文作者对他的认识。 本研究的目的是开发一个通过宏观交通状况变量评价微观驾驶环境的方法,并提出一系列对宏观交通状态变量的基点服务质量的测量和对根据驾驶感知结构和服务质量层次结构基点服务质量的基段服务质量的测量方法。通过使用上面的方法,获得有关驾驶员感知结构的宏观交通状况数据,评价基于驾驶员感知的基段服务质量。 本文组织如下。第2部分,概括评价服务质量领域的相关文献。第3部分,表述包括提出的方法论的一系列方法的概要和基本思想。第4部分,概述运用宏观交通状态变量估计微观驾驶环境的方法。第5部分,开发了一种联系基点感知服务质量和考虑认知倾向的基段感知服务质量的模型,并对概率分布之间的关系效用进行微观分析。第6部分,通过运用从车辆检测器上获得的实际交通状况数据检测本文所表述的理论模型的有效性。第7部分,结论。 2 文献综述 已经做过很多关于驾驶员感知的服务质量评价工作。但由于篇幅有限,只把文献大纲列出如下。更多信息可以从Kita and Kouchi(2010)中获得。有一些研究阐述了交通服务质量应该基于驾驶员的微观驾驶环境的感知评价交通服务质量(Morrall and Werner (1990), Ishibashi et al. (2006))。有一些研究试图找到一个可以展现与感知交通服务质

翻译作业格式模板

翻译练习一(英译汉)小组讨论情况记录 小组成员:赵一,钱二,孙三,李四 本次讨论记录、执笔人:赵一 1.本次翻译文本的目标读者是? 2.本次翻译任务需要达成的目的是? 3.请用注释的形式写出“翻译根据”。翻译根据包括(但不限于)根据翻译目的 对翻译方法(策略)的选择;术语的出处或论证过程;译文选词、造句、结构、篇章等方面的考虑; 原文:在国内众多的历史课本或辅导爱国读本中,讲到北宋的社会经济,往往说这时期出现了中国第一个商标。这枚传说中的白兔商标现存于中国历史博物馆,中间一个白兔图,寓“玉兔捣药”之意. 译文:In various Chinese history textbooks and patriotic readings[i], one thing is always covered in the economic development[ii] of the Northern Song Dynasty—the emergence[iii] of China’s first trademark, which is now kept in the National Museum of Chinese History[iv]. This legendary trademark was designed with a white rabbit image in the middle, implying the message of the Jade Rabbit pounding medicine[v] [i]辅导爱国读本 第一步,理解中文。 所谓“辅导爱国读本”一般指供学生课下阅读的旨在培养爱国情操的材料(当然也可以面向社会读者),内容可以涵盖从古至今国家经济政治文化等各方面情况:讲成就可以培养人们的民族自尊心、自信心、自豪感等等;也可以讲失败、讲教训,激励人们奋发图强,建设祖国。…这些在中国都属于“爱国主义教育”的内容。文中要讲的是北宋出现了中国历史上第一枚商标,这是经济发展的标志之一,算是“成就”,同时此商标设计上又体现了浓郁的中国传统文化特色(玉兔捣药),因此自然会被写入爱国读本让大家了解。 第二步,理解基础上做出一个译文。

翻译时间格式新要求(必看)

一,翻译时间 1,试译文件需在发布任务的2天之内上传,我们将根据提交上来的试译文件选出中标作品,并发站内信通知,注意查收。为方便联系,可以在提交试译文件时留下联系方式(QQ,邮箱,最好是手机) 2,提交作品到指定的邮箱,不能按时交任务的话,要及时通知我。 5,如果稿件由于质量问题被退回,要求从退回日期算起一天之内发回。 二,翻译格式要求 1.应为纯文本格式,编码UTF-8, 统一使用Editplus 3。见附件 介于Editplus界面,左右宽度很大,总的拉动下面那个Bar,可以调整。找到左上Document,点击下拉出现菜单,选择Word-wrap Options...再选择enable word-wrap,然后下面那个format 选80,应该就可以了。 2.格式采用一段英文一段中文的方式(不是一句一句对应,而是一段一段),英 文下面跟中文,可以按照自然段的格式,不要把英文删掉。 使用中文标点,包括逗号(,),句号(。),省略号(……),引号(“”),破折号(——)等都用专门的全角中文标点,而不要使用英文标点。 3. <>表示一条评论的开始,要求一条一条翻译。不要搞混。<>中的内容保留, 不要做任何变动。 4,翻译文本应为纯文本格式,在保存翻译文件的时候点下拉框选编码UTF-8,不要更改原文件名。 三,翻译内容注意事项 1.TripAdvisor 一定要翻译成“到到网”,这个是网站的中文名字。 2.题目括号<>里面的酒店名不需要翻译,正文中的地名,酒店名尽量要翻译(可 在到到网和携程网上找),正文中的人名不需要翻译。 3.Review 里会有一些带感情色彩的话,特别是褒义的,在翻译的时候一定要把 这种感情给表现出来,语气也可以强烈些。比如说,“Amazing Value”有些人把它翻成“物有所值”,但也有些人把它翻成“物超所值”,肯定是后者表达的感情色彩更强烈,也更贴切。

英文翻译样本

Tailored by : Date : Proofread by : Date : Approved by : Date : Effective Date : Expiry Date : First Delay : Second Delay :

Document Revision History

Catalogue Page 1. Purpose (04) 2. Scope and Equipment description (04) 3. Handling procedure (04) 4. Notes (05) 5. Reference (06) 6. Involving SOP (06) 7. Attachments (06)

Making a description of cleaning method of the B+S vial washing machine. This SOP is suitable for the cleaning of Formulation Workshop2 B+S vial washing machine. 3.1 Cleaning before washing the vials 3.1.1 The cleaning of the vial washing machine Open the air compress valve and the machine to operating the power source, turn the 3 on the right side on the control table to raise the machine’s cover as the pattern show n. 3.1.1.1 Check up if there are some last used Penicillin vials, scrap vials, scrap glasses been left in the machine and clean up. First use totally clean cloth with injection water to wipe the direct contact parts between the machine and Penicillin vials (such as the vial entering revolving stage, vial entering track, vial emerging track, the module used for seizing the vial ), wiping at least three times until we cannot see anything dirty on it.

中英文对照版合同翻译样本

1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Tradi ng Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract This Contract is entered into this 5th day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. __This Agreement was made on the_day of_19_, BETWEEN _ (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and _ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the Seller has agreed to sell and the buyer has agreed to buy _ (hereinafter referred to as the Goods ) the quantity, specification, and price of which are provided in Schedule A. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: 5.Contract For Joint-Operation Enterprise __ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of __ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party A”) AND __ COMPANY LTD., a company duly organized under the Law of __ and having its registered office at (hereinafter called “Party B”) Party A and Party B (hereinafter referred to as the “Parties”) agree to jointly form a Co-operation Venture Company (hereinafter referred to as the “CVC”) in accordance with “the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and the “Regulations for the Implementation of the Laws of the People’s Republic of China on Joint Ventures Using Chinese and Foreign Investment” and other applicable laws and regulations. 6.MODEL CONTRACT Contract No. Date: Seller: Signed at: Address: Cable Address: Buyer: Address: Cable Address: The Seller and the Buyer have agreed to conclude the following transactions according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: https://www.360docs.net/doc/606098016.html, of Commodity: 2.Specifications: 3.Quantity: 4.Unit Price: 5.Total Price: U.S.$: 6.Packing: 7.Time of Shipment: days after receipt of L/C. 8.Loading Port & Destination Port: From via to . 9.Insurance:

外文文献翻译封面格式及要求(模版)

毕业论文外文文献翻译 院 年级专业: 2009 级XXXXXXXXXXX 姓 名:学 号:附 件: 备注:(注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可)

1.从所引用的与毕业设计(论文)内容相近的外文文献中选择一篇或一部分进行翻译(不少于3000实词); 2.外文文献翻译的装订分两部分,第一部分为外文文献;第二部分为该外文文献的中文翻译,两部分之间用分页符隔开。也就是说,第一外文文献部分结束后,使用分页符,另起一页开始翻译。 3.格式方面,外文文献的格式,除了字体统一使用Times new roman 之外,其他所有都跟中文论文的格式一样。中文翻译的格式,跟中文论文的格式一样。 (注意:备注页这一整页的内容都不需要打印,看懂了即可,定稿后,请删除本页.) 范文如下:注意,下面内容每一部份均已用分页符分开了,如果用本模板,请将每一模块单独删除,直接套用到每一模板里面,不要将全部内容一次性删除. 【Abstract】This paper has a systematic analysis on outside Marco-environment of herbal tea beverage industry and major competitors of brands inside the herbal tea market. Based on

the theoretic framework, this paper takes WONG LO KAT and JIA DUO BAO herbal tea as an example, and researches the strategy on brand positioning and relevant marketing mix of it. Through analysis on the prevention sense of WONG LO KAT herbal tea, it was positioned the beverage that can prevent excessive internal heat in body, a new category divided from the beverage market. the process of brand positioning of it in Consumers brain was finished. Based on this positioning strategy, WONG LO KAT reasonably organized and arranged its product strategy, price strategy, distribution strategy and promotion strategy, which not only served for and further consolidated the position of preventing excessive internal heat in body, but also elevated the value of brand. The JDB and WONG LO KAT market competition brings us enlightenment. Reference the successful experience from the JDB and lessons from the failure of the WONG LO KAT.,Times New Roman. 【Key Words】Brand positioning; Marketing mix; Positioning Strategy; enlightenment, lessons;ABC (本页为英文文献摘要,关键词两项一起单独一页,字体为:Times New Roman,小四号,1.5倍行距)

外文翻译格式要求

外文翻译格式要求 1.原文必须选用与课题相关的国外学者所著的学术专著或学术文章,不能选用教材类作品或中国作者撰写的英文文章。 2.中文译文不少于3000汉字。 3.原文资料用毕业论文稿纸单面复印,页边距与毕业论文稿纸一致,便于装订。装订时,原文在前,译文在后。原文和译文合计页码总数,在文本每页右上角用五号Times New Roman 标明页码。 4.原文的处理方式针对所选资料不同,区别对待: 1)复印书本、期刊、论文集,需包含书的封面、选译章节; 2)节选自网络文章,应调整好电子文档格式,按照英文Times New Roman,标题四号加粗(若有副标题,小四号加粗),正文五号。中文译文宋体,标题四号加粗,正文五号。原文及译文正均采用1.5倍行距,文中若有小标题,一律五号加粗。 5.外文著录格式按照正规参考文献的范式进行,“著录-题名-出版事项”的顺序排列注明。 1)若选自期刊:著者,题名,期刊名称,出版年,卷号(期号),起始页码。 外文著录: Liu Shaozhong, Liao Fengrong. S tudies of negative pragmatic transfer in interlanguage pragmatics[J]. Journal of Guangxi Normal University, 2002, (4):34-45. 2)若选自论文集:著者,题名,论文集名称,编者,出版地,出版社,出版年,起始页码。例如: 外文著录: Thomas, J. Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Failure[A]. Edited by He Zhaoxiong. Selected Reading For Pragmatics[C]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2003:677-714. 3)若选自书籍:著者,书名,版次(第一版不标注),出版地,出版者,出版年,起始页码。例如: 外文著录: Mey,Jacob L. Pragmatics:An Introduction[M].Beijing:Foreign Language and Research Press, 2001. 4)若选自网络文章,则应注明具体网页地址。例如: 外文著录: https://www.360docs.net/doc/606098016.html,/Personal/szliu/negative%20pragmatic%20transfer.doc 1

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