雅思阅读中的同义词和近义词

轻薄，易脆的flimsy, slender, slim, fragile, (brittle)

夷平, 掀翻topple, flatten, level,

破坏damage, devastate, destroy, ruin, destruction, smash, ravage, havoc

打击hit, strike, batter, punch, bang

免除dispense (with)

弹性，弹簧spring, resilience, resilient, spring, flexibility, flexible

悬挂suspend, hang, overhanging

静止的stationary, still,

限制constrain, limit, contain, control, repress, curtail, dampen

摇晃sway, shake, jolt, slither to and fro, quake

强化reinforce, fortify, cement, strengthen, emphasize, accentuate, stress, highlight

间接的collateral, indirect,

湖,河loch, lake, stream, brook, river,

处理tackle, deal with, manage, handle, try to fix, address

根本的underlying, basic, essential, fundamental

合理的plausible, reasonable, rational, feasible, hold true, realistic, practical, viable

传播；disseminate, spread, circulate

明显的，震撼的impressive, compelling, overwhelming, staggering, dramatic, drastic，obvious, conspicuous

交换swap, change, exchange,

同意concur on, agree on/with, think alike, second

严格的rigorous, strict, serious, be hard on

基本的rudimentary, primary, basic, fundamental,

到来，来到advent, arrival, coming

偶然的fortuitous, coincidental, accidental,

考虑到、、、情形、accommodate some situations,

高度height, altitude,

附近vicinity, nearby, near,

认识到recognize, acknowledge, realize, be aware of

强大的potent, powerful, strong

困惑的addled, confused, baffled, muddled, addlepated=addleheaded,

结果，结论finding, result, turn out, conclude, conclusion

人口统计学，人口，种群数量demography, demographic, demographical, population, census（人口普查）,

比例ratio, rate, proportion, extent, quantitative relation, correlation, relationship, balance, fraction, quotient, percentage, correspondence

比例失调的skewed, disproportionate, inordinate, uneven, unequal, irregular, excessive,

寿命longevity, life expectancy, life span

理论、思想已经存在一段时间了the idea/theory has been around for some time. 假设，理论，阐释，hypothesis, theory, explanation, assumption

增加accrue, increase, accumulate, build up, amass, grow, gather, augment, mount up, collect

潜在的，有潜力的potential, possible, likely, prospective, budding, in the making, latent, embryonic, future, dormant

放弃forgo, abandon, do without, go without, give up, waive, renounce, disavow, relinquish, cede, part with, yield, abstain with, refrain from, eschew, repudiate

折磨haunt, torment, obsess, disturb, trouble, worry, plague, torture, prey on, weigh on, gnaw at, nag at, weigh heavily on, beset,

另类的alternative, unorthodox, unconventional, radical, nonconformist, offbeat, idiosyncratic, perverse, avant-garde, novel, original, outlandish, Bohemian

上升，增加swell, increase, expansion, escalation, acceleration, surge, proliferation, skyrocketing, stepping-up

贬低belittle…as, defame…as, disparage, denigrate, play down, scoff at, sneer at, discredit, censure, condemn, deprecate, depreciate, make light of

把、、、比下去，完胜trump, outshine, eclipse, outdo, surpass, be head and shoulders above, put in the shade

颠倒invert, turn upside down, upturn, reverse, flip, turn inside out, transpose

提升(n) boost, increase, rise, elevation, escalation, advance, boom, spurt

提升(v),夸大inflate, increase, raise, boost, put up

衰退，下滑slump, plummet, recession, decline, depression, stagnation, plunge, downturn

破产bust, bankruptcy

负担，压力be saddled with, be burdened with,

刺激措施incentive, stimulus, stimulant, inducement, spur, impetus, encouragement, incitement, lure

磨掉了、腐蚀了erode, wear away/down, weather, consume, sap, undermine

安排，组织orchestrate, organize, arrange, put together

低调discreet, subtle, low-key, understated, subdued, unobtrusive, inconspicuous 秩序、顺序sequence, order, series, chain, succession, pattern, course, arrangement, train

复制replicate, duplicate, copy, reproduce, recreate, clone, make a replica of, repeat, make a copy of

民族的ethnic, racial, ethnological, genetic, inherited, national, tribal, ancestral, traditional, folk, native, indigenous, aboriginal

隐秘的covert, secret, furtive, clandestine, surreptitious, closet, concealed, hidden, private, sly, sneaky

不足的deficient, insufficient, lacking, defective, scant, inadequate, wanting, limited, poor, short of/on

代替supersede, replace, supplant, replace, take the place of, substitute for, displace, oust, overthrow, remove, override, succeed

words in sentences

1.The miners formulated a plan to keep the mines open. 想出，设计出

Draw up, put together, work out, construct, make, develop, contrive, hatch, devise, conceive, create, frame, originate, coin, compose

2.There is a problem with the way you have formulated this question. 表达Express, articulate, put into words, utter, state, say, verbalize, render, phrase, word, couch, voice

3.He stood on the pier to watch me embark.上船

Board ship, go on board, go aboard

4.He was about to embark on a career in the family’s department store chain.开

始

Begin, start, commence, undertake, venture into, engage in, settle down to, institute, initiate,

5.Any member is entitled to appoint another person as his proxy to attend and

vote instead of him.代理人

Deputy, representative, substitute, delegate, agent, surrogate, stand-in, attorney, go-between, envoy

6.Trying to find a mean between frankness and rudeness.中间路线

Middle course, middle way, mid point, golden mean, compromise, balance, median, norm, average

7.the mean temperature平均的

average, median, middle, halfway, centre, central, intermediate, medium, normal, standard, middling

8.He had an unblemished record as a law-abiding citizen. 无瑕疵的

Flawless, faultless, perfect, pure, whiter than white, spotless, unsullied, untarnished, stainless, unimpeachable, ideal , model

9.An ugly scar marred his features. 留下瑕疵

Spoil, ruin, impair, disfigure, detract from, flaw, blemish, mutilate, deface, deform

10.The celebrations were marred by violence.破坏

Spoil, ruin, impair, upset, damage, wreck, harm, hurt, blight, taint, tarnish, sully, stain, pollute

11.A uniform temperature of between 18 and 21 degrees固定的，恒定的

Constant, consistent, steady, invariable, unvarying, stable, static, regular, fixed, even, equal, monotonous, unfluctuating, unwavering

12.Cut the vegetables into pieces of uniform size一致的，相同的

Identical, matching, similar, same, alike, like, homogeneous, equivalent, consistent, corresponding

13.The nation is threatened by famine. 食物短缺

Scarcity of food, food shortages, deprivation, want

14.the cotton famine of the 1860s 匮乏，不足

shortage, scarcity, lack, dearth, want, deficiency, insufficiency, undersupply 15.Nine days of processions and parades culminating in a dramatic fire-walking

ceremony达到高潮／定点，结束

Come to climax, come to a crescendo, come to an end with, end with, peak, climax, reach a pinnacle, build up to, lead up to, conclude with, close with, terminate with

16.the debate continued and articles in the media proliferated. 激增，大幅度

增加

Increase rapidly, grow rapidly, multiply, become more numerous, mushroom, snowball, burgeon, escalate, rocket, run riot

17.a posh Beverly Hills hotel时尚高档的

smart, stylish, fancy, high-class, fashionable, chic, luxurious, luxury, exclusive, sumptuous, lavish

18.the hills are covered in lush vegetation 繁茂的，旺盛的，多产的

luxuriant, rich, abundant, profuse, exuberant, teeming, rampant, verdant, riotous, prolific

19.a lush ripe peach鲜嫩多汁的，葱绿的

succulent, luscious, juicy, fleshy, soft, fresh,

20.a lush apartment in the best residential section奢华的，富裕的，丰富的

luxurious, luxury, de luxe, sumptuous, grand, opulent, elaborate

21.the dappled purple carpet of flowers斑驳的

speckled, blotched, blotchy, spotted, spotty, dotted, mottled

22.she was a vibrant and passionate woman.充满活力的

Spirited, lively, full of life, energetic, vigorous, vital, animated, vivacious

23.the exodus of refugees from Albania 大规模离开

mass departure, withdrawal, evacuation, leaving, exit, migration, emigration, diaspora

24.a tentative arrangement /this can only be a tentative conclusion暂时的，试探

性的，凭推测的

provisional, unconfirmed, unsettled, indefinite, preliminary, speculative, conjectural, pilot, experimental，uncertain

25.he eventually tried a few tentative steps around his hospital room.犹豫的，

Hesitant, uncertain, cautious, timid, faltering, shaky

26.the revolutionaries must shed their populist illusions. 抛弃，丢掉

discard, get rid of, dispose of, do away with, drop, abandon

27.the two firms are each to shed ten workers. 辞退

Make redundant, dismiss, let go, discharge, give someone their notice, discard 28.working in pairs appears to facilitate learning.使什么变得顺利，容易，促进

Make easy/easier, ease, make possible, make smooth, open the door to, enable, lubricate, accelerate, forward, advance, further

29.potato blight马铃薯疫病

disease, canker, infestation, fungus, mildew, mould, rot, decay.

30.the government are protecting people from the blight of aircraft noise.痛苦，

折磨

Affliction, scourge, bane, curse, plague, menace, evil, misfortune, woe, calamity, trouble, ordeal, thorn in one’s flesh/side, trial, canker, nuisance. 31.he tried to reach her by telephone, but she continued to be elusive.躲避的，逃

避的

Difficult to catch/find, difficult to track down, evasive, slippery, shifty,

32.the notion of meaning is exceedingly elusive and complex. 难以捉摸／理解／

分辨，令人困惑的

Subtle, indistinct, indefinite, ambiguous, intangible, impalpable, fugitive, deceptive, baffling

33.as usual she gave an elusive answer.模棱两可的，令人困惑的

Ambiguous, baffling, puzzling, misleading, evasive, equivocal

34.an inviting smell of coffee wafted into the room. 吸引人的，诱惑的

Tempting, enticing, alluring, beguiling, winning, attractive, appealing, agreeable, pleasant, delightful, appetizing, mouth-watering, fascinating, engaging, enchanting, entrancing, bewitching, intriguing, irresistible, ravishing, seductive, tantalizing

35.around 400 fans braved freezing temperatures to see them play. 勇敢地面对，

冒着、、、、、、

Endure, put up with, bear, withstand, weather, suffer, sustain, go through, face, confront, stand up to, meet head on, face up to, brazen out, defy.

36.he has all the attributes of a top midfield player.特征，特质，属性

Quality, feature, characteristic, trait, element, aspect, property, hallmark, mark, distinction, sign, suresign, idiosyncracy, peculiarity

37.the hourglass was depicted as the attribute of Father Time. 标志

Symbol, indicator, mark, sign, hallmark, trademark, status symbol

38.the public has a rather ambivalent attitude toward science.矛盾的

Equivocal, uncertain, in two minds, undecided, unresolved, in a dilemma, on the fence, torn, hesitating, conflicting, fluctuating, waving, vacillating, mixed, contradictory, clashing, muddled, vague, hazy

37. English cloth manufactures were able to undercut their continental rivals.削价与、、、抢生意，售价低于（竞争价格）

Charge less than, charge a lower price than, undersell, underbid

39.the company denied that his authority was being undercut. 削弱，暗中破坏

Undermine, weaken, impair, damage, sap, threaten, subvert, sabotage, ruin, disrupt, undo, destabilize.

40.there is little prospect of success.将要发生地事，期望中的事，预期，展望

Likelihood, hope, expectation, anticipation, possibility, likeliness, promise, lookout, dream,

41.she would have better job prospects with a postgraduate qualification. 前景，

前途，前程，机会，可能性

Possibilities, potential, promise, expectations, outlook, future

42.finding schools abroad may be a daunting prospect for employees.想法，念头

Vision, thought, idea, contemplation, task, undertaking.

43.Jimmy, who plays in midfield, is an exciting prospect.有希望的候选人，合适的

人选

Candidate, possibility,

44.guests are greeted with a pleasant prospect from the ground-floor lounge.景

色，景象，视野

View, vista, outlook, perspective, panorama, aspect, scene, scenery, sweep, landscape.

45. Reckless: he was angry with himself and that made him reckless.不顾后果的，鲁莽的，草率的

Rash, careless, thoughtless, incautious, heedless, unheeding, inattentive, hasty, overhasty, precipitate, irresponsible, indiscriminate

46.his works engendered considerable controversy.使发生／出现，引起

Cause, be the cause of, give rise to, bring about, lead to, result in, produce, generate, arouse, provoke, foment, occasion, foster

47.a medium-sized breed of cow种，类

variety, stock, strain, line, family, type, kind, sort, class

48.a new breed of journalist 种类，科目

type, kind, sort, variety, class, genre, genus, order, caliber, brand, generation 49.a lethal weapon 致命的

fatal, deadly, mortal, murderous, homicidal, killing, terminal, toxic, poisonous, virulent, venomous, pernicious, disastrous

50.a built-in cupboard嵌入墙内的，成为整体的

fitted, fixed, integral, integrated, incorporated, permanent

51.television has built-in advantages for advertisers内在的

inherent, intrinsic, incorporated, inseparable, inbuilt, essential, implicit, basic, ingrained, rooted.

52.I sat on the bank, basking in the warm sunshine. 晒太阳，享受

Laze, lie, lounge, relax, sprawl, loll, sunbathe, sun oneself, warm oneself

53.they were still basking in the glory of success沉浸在，享受

revel, luxuriate, wallow, delight, take pleasure, rejoice, glory, indulge oneself;

enjoy, relish, savior, lap up

54.some plants rely on birds to disperse their seeds传播

scatter, disseminate, distribute, spread, diffuse, sow, pepper, strew, broadcast.

55.the crowd began to disperse 散开，police used tear gas to disperse the

demonstrators. 驱散

break up, split up, disband, separate, scatter, dispel, banish

56.the blanket of fog finally dispersed.散了

dissipate, be dispelled, thin out, dissolve, melt away, fade away, vanish, disappear, clear, lift, rise.

57.the toucan eats a very wide range of fruits/a new range of quality foods.种类

assortment, variety, diversity, mixture, collection, array, set, selection, choice, pick, kind, sort, type, class, rank, order, genus, species.