22.初中英语语法讲义--定语从句

初中英语语法讲义－定语从句姓名______

一.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般放在所

修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词就叫作________。引导定语从句的关系词为关系代词,如：

________、____或关系副词如：____、____、____.

例如：1. A doctor is ________looks after people’s health. 医生是照顾人们健康的人

(先行词) （关系代词）

2. The book is on the ________ you left it. 这就是你落在桌子上的那本书。

(先行词)（关系副词）

关系词的作用：1. 引导定语从句2. 代替先行词的意思3.充当句子成分

二．定语从句的用法

常用的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which.。关系代词在定语从句中用作主语、宾语、定语等。例如： 1.The tall man who is standing over there is my brother.( ____在句中作主语)

2.The man whom you talked to is our Chinese teacher.( ____在句中作宾语)

3.This is the boy whose father is a doctor.( ____在句中作定语)

4.Have you everything that you need?( ____在句中作宾语)

5.This is the book which you wanted.( ____在句中作宾语)

关系代词who、whom 和whose指人，which指物,that多指物,有时也指人。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略，如：

This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.

关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且常常省略。如：

Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to.

当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. = This is the room that Miss Li once lived in.

常用的关系副词有：when, where, why 等。它们在句中用作时间、地点、原因等状语。例如：

1.July and August are the months ____ the weather is hot.(表时间)

2.This is ____I was born.(表地点)

3.Do you know the reason____ I was late?(表原因)

定语从句的特殊用法：

必须由that引导的定语从句。

1．先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。

All ______ we have to do is to practice every day.

2. 先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词，next, last, very, any, little, no 等修饰时，用that 不用which引导定语从句。例如：This is the best film that I have seen.（）

This is the best film which I have seen.（）

练习：The first lesson ______ I learned will never be forgotten.

3．先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。例如：

That’s all that I want to say.（）That’s all which I want to say.（）

练习：I have read all the books _____ you gave me.

4．当先行词既有人又有物时,要用that. 例如：

He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. （）

He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all.（）

练习：They talked of things and persons _____ they remembered.

5. 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。例如：Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?

练习：Who is the man _____ is talking to John?

6.that 指物，有时也可以指人，which 指物，不能指人。Which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在

介词后面，that 则不能。

例如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?（）

Who is the man which is reading the newspaper?（）

The room in which she lives is a large one.（）

The room in that she lives is a large one.（）

1. Hand signs can be useful in places _____ are very noisy and in places ______ are very quiet.

A. where….where

B. where….that

C. that….where

D. that….that

2. ____ Engels pointed out, labor created man himself. A. Which B. What C. As D. That

3. Mr Black would never forget the day _____ he was bitterly punished.

A. which

B. that

C. in which

D. when

4. The reason ____ Mr Robinson did not buy the modern painting was that it was not a painting at all. A.

when B. why C. which D. where

5. The winter Olympics are always held in a mountainous country _____ there is plenty of snow.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. /

6. Some soldiers arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ____ sat a little boy.

A. it

B. them

C. which

D. what

7. Xiao Wang works for a factory _____ makes computers. A. where B. what C. which D. in which

8. Do you know the girl to _____ your class teacher is talking? A. thatB. whom C.who D. which

9. I’ll never forget the day ____ I joined the League. A. when B. in which C. which D. that

10. Some people don’t know who can mend such a lamp ____ has gone wrong.

A. which

B. /

C. what

D. that