医学英文文献阅读

编号：0004 开课单位：外语教研室

开课时间：第一学期总学时数：60

学分：2 主讲教师：李蟠缪军

【教学目的】

本课程旨在指导医学专业硕士研究生阅读医学文献，了解各类医学文献结构与语言特征以及“甄别”医学文献能力，掌握医学专业英语论文的写作特点及技巧。

【主要内容及要求】

1．选读影响因子较高的医学专业SCI学术论文若干篇。

2．阅读SCI论文，分析论文各部分内容包括摘要、材料和方法、结果、讨论、图释的写作

与语言特点及书写格式。

3．要求学生翻译文献的部分段落。

【教学方式】课堂讲授与讨论。

【考核方式】翻译英文文献

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

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会更喜欢吃容易咀嚼的食物，这些食物含有的营养往往更少些。甜甜圈和点心这样的食物大多营养品质低下，含糖量高于其他需要咀嚼的富含营养的食物，比如水果和蔬菜，” Palmer说。“口腔并发症与不良的饮食习惯会造成认知和生长发育问题，以及导致肥胖。” 误区2：吃越多糖，越容易蛀牙这与你吃了多少糖无关，而是糖和牙齿接触的时间有多少。“食物，比如慢慢溶解的糖果和苏打水在嘴巴里停留的时间会比较久。这增加了牙齿暴露在口腔细菌由糖产生成的酸中的时间，” Palmer说。有研究表明，十几岁的青少年大约40%的碳水化合物是由软饮料中摄取的。这些源源不断地软饮料增加了牙齿腐烂的风险。无糖碳酸饮料和酸性饮料，比如柠檬水，往往被认为比含糖饮料对牙齿更安全，但是经常食用的话仍会造成牙齿釉质脱矿。误区3：宝宝因蛀牙失去牙齿是可以的这是常见的误区，认为宝宝因为蛀牙失去牙齿是无关紧要的，因为宝宝的乳牙总会在将来某一天脱落。Palmer指出婴儿牙齿蛀牙可能会损害

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A reading course I Chapter1 TextA prematurely 过早地 diagnosis 诊断 sub health 亚健康 immune system 免疫系统 respectively 分别地 prevalent 普遍地 spearhead 为…带头，为…先锋 sustained 可持续的 intellectual 知识分子 transitional 过度的 chronic 慢性的 infectious传染的 massage 按摩，推拿 blood circulation 血液循环 textB defect 缺点，缺陷 abnormality 畸形，异常 cardiac 心脏的，心脏病的 cardiac arrest 心搏停止 screening test 筛选试验，屏蔽试验coroner 验尸官 autopsy 验尸，尸体解剖 ventricular 心室的，脑室的 fibrillation 纤维性颤动 ventricular fibrillation 心室纤维性颤动hypertrophic 肥厚的 cardiomyopathy 心肌症 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥大型心肌病myocardium 心肌，心肌层 coronary 冠状的 artery 动脉 compress 压缩，压紧 syndrome 综合征 inherit 继承，遗传 chaotic 混乱的，无秩序的 erratic 不稳定的，古怪的 commotia cordis 心脏震动 red flag 危险信号 on the outlook 寻找，警惕着 syncope 晕厥 exertion 努力，用力

医学文献检索

复旦大学上海医学院 2011～2012学年第二学期期末考试试卷课程名称：_ _医学文献检索与利用_____ 课程代码：__ _MED130046.01____ 开课院系：____图书馆文献检索教研室___ 考试形式：课程报告姓名：王康安学号： 10340700153 专业：临床医学八年制医学信息检索与利用综合实习报告（临床医学八年制、基础医学版）检索题目（中英文）跟骨骨折治疗方法－－－－－－－－－－－－ The Treatment of the Calcaneal Fractures －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－一、围绕课题需求，开展信息检索 1．根据检索需求，选择检索工具：列出所选数据库（3种）

2．分析课题，确定检索词和检索语句：编写各种数据库的检索式（格式详见说明） 3．列出所选数据库检索获得的记录数、各摘录3条相关文献题录（格式详见说明）数据库1：中国学术期刊网络出版总库检索式：核心期刊=Y 并且年 between(2010,2010)并且((主题=跟骨骨折并且主题=治疗方法)) (模糊匹配),专辑导航：骨科学检索记录数：23 主要相关文献（3条题录）： 1.彭光军. 跟骨骨折不同内固定方法治疗的比较研究[J]. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2010,18(2):124-127. 2. 范江荣. 跟骨骨折的分型和治疗进展[J]. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2010,18(20):1686-1688. 3. 吴子征, 张东华, 丁徐.严重跟骨骨折治疗方法的临床研究[J]. 中国矫形外科杂志, 2010,18(21):1825-1827. 数据库2：万方数据检索式：title:跟骨骨折治疗 date:2010-2010 检索记录数：160 主要相关文献（3条题录）： 1.沈爱东. Sanders1型跟骨骨折治疗的临床分析[J]. 创伤外科杂志, 2010,12(6):563. 2. 顾凯明. 临床跟骨骨折治疗20例分析[J].中国社区医师（医学专业）, 2010, 12(34):68. 3. 徐国浩. 跟骨骨折治疗51例临床分析[J]. 中国医学创新, 2010,07(21):9-11. 数据库3：PubMed 检索式：(Treatment AND Calcaneal Fractures[Title/Abstract]) AND ("2010"[Date - Create] : "2010"[Date - Create]) 检索记录数：40 主要相关文献（3条题录）： 1. Mailk A K, Solan M, Sakellariou A. Primary subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of comminuted intra-articular calcaneal fractures[J]. INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED, 2010,41(7):702-706.

英文文献及其翻译

步进电机的知识什么是步进电机：步进电机是一种把电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。通俗的说：当驱动程序收到一个步进脉冲信号，将驱动步进电机轴旋转一个固定的角度（步进角）。您可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移，从而达到准确定位的目的;同时，你可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机的旋转速度和加速度，实现速度控制的目的。步进电机的种类：步进电机分为三种：永磁式（PM），反应式（VR）和混合式（HR）永磁式步进电机一般为两相，转矩和体积较小，步进角一步7.5度或15度;反应式一般有三相可以实现大转矩输出，步进角一般是1.5度，但噪声和振动大。在欧洲和美洲80个国家已被淘汰;混合式步进是混合了永磁式和反应的优势。它由两相和五相：一般两相的步距角是1.8度，而的五相步距角为0.72度。是使用最广泛的的步进电机。步进电机允许的最高表面温度步进电机温度过高首先会的磁性材料退磁，导致转矩降低甚至失步，电机表面温度允许的最大值取决于的磁性材料退磁点;一般来说，磁性材料退磁点在摄氏130度以上有些材料甚至高达摄氏200度高，所以步进电机表面温度在摄氏80-90度是正常的。步进电机精度为多少？是否累积一般步进电机的精度为步进角的3-5%，且不累积如何确定步进电机驱动器直流电源 A.电压确定混合式步进电机驱动器的电源电压范围较广（比如IM483的供电电压12?48VDC），电源电压通常根据电机的转速和响应要求来选择。如果要求较快的运行速度较高的响应速度就选用较高的电压，但注意电源电压的峰值不能超过驱动器的最大输入电压，否则可能会损坏驱动器。 B.电流确定电源电流一般根据输出相电流I来确定。如果采用线性电源，电源电流一般可取I的1.1?1.3倍;如果采用开关电源，电源电流一般可取I的1.5?2.0倍。步进电机的主要特性在步进电机关机时要确保没有脉冲信号，当电机运行时如果加入适当的脉冲信号，它会转过一定的角度（称为步距角是）。转速与脉冲频率成正比。 2龙式步进电机步距角7.5度，旋转360度，需要48个脉冲来完成。 3步进电机具有快速启动和停止的优良特性。 4只要改变脉冲，可以很容易地改变电机轴旋转的方向。因此，目前的打印机，绘图仪，机器人设备以步进电机作为动力核心。步进电机控制的例子我们以四相单极步进电机为例：四个相绕组引出四个相和两个公共线（连接到正极）。一相接地。会被激发，。我们使用四相八拍控制，即第1阶段第2阶段交替反过来，会提高分辨率。步距角0.9°，可以转移到控制电机励磁是为了转移如下：如果电机反转的要求，传输的激励信号可以逆转的。2控制方案控制系统框图如下

医学护理中英文对照外文翻译文献word版

医学护理中英文对照外文翻译文献宗教信仰在应对乳腺癌患者以后生活中的作用目的：识别并检查新诊断为乳腺癌的老年患者中是否存在宗教和精神应对策略现象。方法：一个简易样本，由被招募来进行为期6个月的诊断的33名65岁女性组成。受访者被要求参加一个会提出灵活性问题的结构式访谈。访谈的誊本由三名研究人员各自独立分析讨论其主题,直至达成共识。结果：参加者的宗教背景为:17名新教徒,五,六名犹太人,天主教和另外四个其它教徒。她们在出席宗仪式的频率上存在着很大的不同。而在健康危机期她们的宗教和/或精神信仰或增加或保持不变。誊本分析显示出了三个主题。宗教和宗教信仰

为受访者提供了必要的情感支持(91%)、社会支持(70%)来面对她们的乳腺癌，以及赋予了她们一些使日常生活变得有意义的能力,特别是癌症经验(64%)。结论：宗教和宗教信仰为新诊断为乳腺癌的老年女性患者提供了一些重要的应对这些疾病的方法,这些方法也得到了诊断医生的认可。这可能对于鼓励这些患者寻求宗教的支持和/或重新与她们的宗教团体再结合是非常重要的。引言一个关于乳腺癌的新的诊断已被证实对女性有重大的影响(格里，1979;琼斯和格林伍德1994;罗兰和马西，1996分;安徒生,1998)。在老年妇女中，乳腺癌是最常见的癌症，其影响还会因为人口老龄化继续上升。更好的了解老年妇女如何应对乳腺癌可以使人们更好的增强功能和改善生活质量。最近日益让人们产生浓厚兴趣的是，宗教或信仰在患者对乳腺癌的反应中所扮演的角色。在这些老年人中，宗教经常可以帮助她们缓解生理疾病中的固有压力,比如那些伴随着医师会诊、治疗及其它事件所产生的相关压力(包括罗斯,1982;考恩威博士(1985 - 1986);曼弗雷德和皮克特,1987)。

英文文献及翻译

Research Article Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Containing Surfactant Y oo-Jae Kim, Jiong Hu, Soon-Jae Lee, and Byung-Hee Y ou Department of Engineering Technology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Y oo-Jae Kim, yk10@https://www.360docs.net/doc/9a8813456.html, Received 21 June 2010; Accepted 24 November 2010 Academic Editor: Tarun Kant Copyright ? 2010 Y oo-Jae Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Fiber reinforced aerated lightweight concrete (FALC) was developed to reduce concrete’s density and to improve its fire resistance, thermal conductivity, and energy absorption. Compression tests were performed to determine basic properties of FALC. The primary independent variables were the types and volume fraction of fibers, and the amount of air in the concrete. Polypropylene and carbon fibers were investigated at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% volume ratios. The lightweight aggregate used was made of expanded clay. A self-compaction agent was used to reduce the water-cement ratio and keep good workability. A surfactant was also added to introduce air into the concrete. This study provides basic information regarding the mechanical properties of FALC and compares FALC with fiber reinforced lightweight concrete. The properties investigated include the unit weight, uniaxial compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and toughness index. Based on the properties, a stress-strain prediction model was proposed. It was demonstrated that the proposed model accurately predicts the stress-strain behavior of FALC. 1. Introduction In the last three decades, prefabrication has been applied to small housing and tall building construction, and precast concrete panels have become one of the widely used materials in construction system. Recently, much attention has been directed toward the use of lightweight concrete for precast concrete to improve the performances, such as dead load reduction, fire resistance, and thermal conductivity, of the buildings. Additionally, the structure of a precast building should be able to resist impact loading cases, particularly earthquakes, since resisting earthquakes of these buildings under the performances is becoming an important consideration [1, 2].Many efforts have been applied toward developing high performance concrete for building structures with enhanced performance and safety. V arious types of precast concrete products, such as autoclaved aerated lightweight concrete (AALC), fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), and lightweight concrete, have been developed and experimentally verified. A number of them have been applied in full-scale build-ing structures. AALC is well known and widely accepted, but its small size and weak strength limit its use instructural elements [3]. Lightweight aggregate concretes offer strength, deadload reduction, and thermal conductivity,