高考英语名词知识点知识点总复习有解析(3)
高考英语名词知识点知识点总复习有解析(3)
一、选择题
1．China is a racially mixed country, in which various ethnic(民族) groups bring their own unique flavors to each corner of the country, which adds ________ people's table.
A．to great variety of B．great variety to
C．to a great variety of D．the great variety to
2．It's difficult to guess what his ______ to the news would be.
A．reaction B．opinion C．comment D．impression
3．In old China, parents demanded complete ____________ from their children.
A．ambition B．obedience C．education
4．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission
5．I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first
__________.
A．attempt B．experiment
C．flight D．glance
6．If you feel any_____ in your neck, put a towel under your head for support when sleeping. A．tension B．abortion C．submission D．dimension 7．Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep ____ for humanity, which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist.
A．aid B．concern C．glory D．basis
8．Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A．ancestor B．origin C．belief D．custom
9．Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world. And, he regards himself as the ________ of the times.
A．instructor B．expert C．favorite D．admirer 10．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.
A．strength B．talent
C．ability D．skill
11．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library.
A．access B．passage C．way D．approach
12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health.
A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief
13．Due to the ________ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage.
A．appreciation B．application
C．appointment D．approach
14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.
A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects 15．Since he did not prepare for the whole story before class, he just read the of the plot instead. A．headline B．expression C．outline D．title
16．He gained ______ to this university
A．permission B．accommodation C．scholarship D．admission 17．Jane is nice but she has a ______ to talk too much.
A．trend B．tendency C．tension D．threat 18．Modem TVs use many of the ________ first discovered by Farnsworth, who contributed a lot to the development of TV
A．platforms B．principles C．sources D．symptoms 19．The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look at the tragedy in the historical _________ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, an era of relative stability.
A．content B．contest C．context D．contact 20．Olympic athletes bring joy to people across the world with their____________ to push the boundaries of human achievement.
A．intelligence B．influences C．impression D．attempts
21．In the________of further evidence,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term. A．presence B．charge C．control D．absence
22．It is a great____________ for our country to hold the 2022 Winter Olympic.
A．signal B．function C．honor D．agreement 23．Luna is a girl of great ______ for she takes a great interest in whatever she sees. A．curiosity B．belief C．concern D．strength 24．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book?
—Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday.
A．limit B．time C．number D．length
25．With the COVID-19 ______ quickly around the globe, the whole world are in a(n) ______ of shock.
A．gathering, condition B．spreading, state
C．to spread, approach D．to gather, style
【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除
一、选择题
1．B
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词和固定短语。句意：中国是一个多种族的国家，在中国，各民族团体将他们独有的味道带到国家的各个角落，增添了人们餐桌的多样性。分析句子可知，各族人民不同的口味增加了人们餐桌的多样性，A、B选项中的add...... to意为“把......加到......”,great variety没有特指，所以不加the。故选B项。
2．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：很难猜测他对这个消息会有什么反应。A. reaction反应；B. opinion 观点；C. comment评论；D. impression印象。分析句子可知，应是很难猜测他对消息的反应是什么。故选A。
3．B
解析：B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在旧中国，父母要求子女绝对服从。A. ambition雄心；B. obedience顺从；C. education教育。根据常识，以前父母要求子女是绝对服从，故选B。4．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以肤色为基础的不公正的种族隔离受到了挑战。A. determination决心；B. adaptation适应；C. separation隔离，分离；D. submission投降，提交。结合句意表示“分离”应用separation。故选C。
5．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我在培训中心进行了大量练习，以便我能在驾照考试中一次通过。
A. attempt尝试；
B. experiment实验；
C. flight飞行；
D. glance瞥见。at the / one’s first attempt表示“第一次尝试”，为固定搭配。由“I practiced a lot in the training center”以及so that可推断，进行大量练习，目的是为了一次尝试通过驾照考试。故选A。
6．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到颈部肌肉紧张，睡觉时放一个毛巾在头下垫着。A. tension 紧张(在句中表示颈部肌肉紧张)；B. abortion 堕胎；C. submission 屈服、提交；D. dimension 方面、维度。结合句意可知，此处用“颈部肌肉紧张”符合语境，故选A项。7．B
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金有聪明的才智，对人性有着深切的关怀，这使得他能够克服严重的疾病成为一个著名的科学家。A. aid帮助；B. concern关心；C. glory荣耀；D. basis基础。根据句意可知，此处用“关心”符合语境，故选B项。
8．B
解析：B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：查尔斯·达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. ancestor祖先；B. origin起源；C. belief信仰；D. custom习惯，风俗。结合句意可知答案为B。
9．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：李嘉诚先生被认为是世界上最成功的商人之一。他认为自己是时代的宠儿。A. instructor指导者；B. expert专家；C. favorite受喜爱的人；D. admirer爱慕者。根据上文Mr. Li Jiacheng is considered one of the most successful businessmen in the world.可知李嘉诚先生认为自己是时代的宠儿（favorite）。故选C。
10．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作？——你知道，英语是我的优势。所以这是我最好的选择。A. strength优势，优点；B. talent才能；C. ability能力；
D. skill技能。由前文work in an international travel agency可知，英语是我的优势。故选A。
11．A
解析：A
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该系统旨在让学生快速、方便地访问图书馆的数字资源。A. access使用/进入的机会；B. passage通道，走廊；C. way方法，道路；D. approach接近，
靠近。短语easy access to意思为“容易访问，轻松接近，容易获得”。故选A项。
12．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我们都知道，饮食和健康之间有密切的联系。A. connection联系；B. evidence证据；C. power力量，能力；D. belief信念，信仰。此处指饮食和健康两者的联系，故选A。
13．B
解析：B
【解析】
试题分析：appreciation感谢，欣赏，application应用，申请，appointment约会，approach 方法，接近。句意：由于这种医疗技术的应用，一些疾病可以在早期得到治疗。
考点：名词
14．D
解析：D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美式英语有很多方言，因为美国人来自世界各地。A.grammar
译为语法；B.vocabulary词汇；C.pronunciations发音；D.dialects方言”。根据题干中“come from all over the world”，可知美国是由来自世界各地的人组成，所以有很多方
言。故选D项。
15．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：由于上课前他没有准备整个故事，他只看了故事梗概。A. headline大标题；B. expression表达，表情；C. outline大纲，概要；D. title标题。这里指“故事梗概”。
故选C。
16．D
解析：D
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被这所大学录取。A. permission允许；B. accommodation膳食，住宿；C. scholarship奖学金；D. admission进入许可录用。短语gain admission to“获准入学，获准进入”。故选D项。
17．B
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：简人很好，但她话太多。A. trend趋势，走向；trend towards/in sth. 动态；B. tendency趋势，癖好；tendency (for sb./sth.) to do sth.倾向；偏好；C. tension 紧张，张力；D. threat 威胁。根据题干中搭配的介词是to, tendency to do sth. 表示“简喜欢说太多的话”。故选B。
18．B
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现代电视使用了最初由Farnsworth发现的许多原理，他对电视的发展做出了很大贡献。A. platforms平台；B. principles原则；C. sources来源；D. symptoms症状。根据句意可知，现代电视利用了由Farnsworth发现的原理，故选B。19．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧，就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作《麦克白》。A. content内容；B. contest比赛；C. context环境，上下文；D. contact联系。这里联系the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods，要用historical context表示“历史背景”。故选C项。
20．D
解析：D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：奥运健儿们努力突破人类成就的极限，为全世界人民带来了欢乐。A. intelligence智力，理解力；B. influences影响；C. impression印象，效果；D. attempts企图，试图。结合句意可知D项符合语境。
解析：D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏更一步的证据，警察不能在短时间内解决这桩谋杀案。A. presence在场；B. charge管理；C. control控制；D. absence缺席。根据,the police were unable to solve the murder in a short term.可知，此处考查固定短语in the absence of“缺乏”，故选D项。
22．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于我们国家来说，举办2022年冬奥会是一个巨大的荣誉。A. signal信号；B. function功能；C. honor荣誉，荣耀；D. agreement协议，同意。有机会举
办冬奥会对于所有国家来说都是一个荣耀。故选C项。
23．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩，因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣。A. curiosity好奇心；B. belief信念；C. concern关心，忧虑；D. strength力气。根据“she takes a great interest in whatever she sees(因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣)”可推知，Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩。故选A项。
24．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：——我能借多长时间有限制吗？——是的。你必须在下星期二之前归还。A. limit限制；B. time时间；C. number 数字；D. length长度。结合后文的回答“You must return it by next Tuesday.”可知询问的是借书的时间有没有“限制（limit）”。故选A。
25．B
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
考查非谓语动词、动词词义辨析和名词词义辨析。句意：随着新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内迅速蔓延，整个世界都处于震惊之中。gather聚集，聚拢；spread传播；condition条件；state状态，状况；approach方法，方式；style风格。新冠肺炎疫情在全球范围内迅速蔓延，所以第一个空应用spread的某种形式。且第一个空考查with+宾语+宾语补足语结构，the COVID-19和spread之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故第一空填spreading。全世界处于震惊的“状态”，第二个空应用state。故选B。
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高考英语必考点：考点妙解名词 典型例题 纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题，对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如：He dropped the coffee cup and broke it.)，抽象名词具体化(如：WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!)，区分可数名词和不可数名词，根据句意选择适当的名词，某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。 一般来说名词主要考查： 1．可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。 2．可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法——对比。 3．名词的所有格，包括’s所有格，…of…所有格和双重所有格的用法。 4．名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。 5．名词的词义辨析。 应试同分瓶颈 纵观历年来高考对名词的考查，主要体现为一个“活”字。因此要求考生平时加强关于名词基础知识的学习，如：名词的数、名词的所有格、主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法，记忆、理解部分知识，并将名词常考知识点梳理清楚。另外在做题时灵活使用所学的基础知识，把握重点、难点，认真审题，依据具体的语境进行分析判断。 近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上。所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别，另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise不可数表示“惊奇”，可数为“令人惊奇的事情”；shame不可数为“羞愧”，可数为“令人羞愧的事”，除此之外还有：honour，failure，success，pleasure，pity等。 ◎命题点1 名词的数 ◎命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 命题点1 名词的数 本类考题解答锦囊 名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。有些名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点：
[推荐学习]高考英语 基础知识练习 词汇辨析 名词及其用法辨析的讲解与训练
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高三英语高考英语时态考点归纳与分析
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高考英语必考点专题01名词高效演练含解析
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高考英语名词知识点专项训练解析含答案(2)
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高中重要单词的英语词组辨析
add in 添加；把…包括在内 add on插入；另外加上去 add to 增加 add sth to sth 把……添加到……中 add up 加起来 add up to 合计为 add noise 添加杂色；添加噪声 add weight to进一步证明；扩大影响；增强优势；加重 bear down压倒；加倍努力；逼近；竭尽全力 bear off赢得；驶离；使离开；博得 bear on 对…施加压力；与…有关；对…有影响；瞄准 bear with 宽容；耐心等待；忍受；容忍 bear oneself 举止，表现；为人处事 bear sth in mind 记住；考虑到=keep sth in mind bear the brunt of 首当其冲 bear market 熊市；空头市场；卖空市场 bear arms 携带武器；当兵 break away 放弃；逃跑；脱离；逃脱 break away from 放弃；脱离…… break down 发生故障；拆毁，毁掉；(在健康或精神等方面)(使)垮掉，垮下来；分解；失败；制服 break in 打断；闯入；训练；使逐渐习惯 break into闯入；非法闯入；破门而入；强行进入 break through 突破；突围；有重要创见 break of 放弃；改掉（习惯） break off 折断；突然停止，暂停 break out 爆发；突发 break out of 摆脱（束缚等）；突破… break up 关系破裂；打碎，破碎；结束，散会；解散；衰落 break with 结束；与…绝交，和…断绝关系；和…决裂 bring about 引起；[航]使掉头 bring along 带来；使……发展 bring back 拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来 bring down 降低；打倒，打死；击落 bring forward 提出；提前；结转 bring in 引进；赚得；生产；增加 bring on 导致；引起；使…发展 bring off救出；成功地做某事；圆满完成；使实现 bring out使……显示出来；出版；制造；使显露 bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕出；[航]（船等）停下 bring round使改变观点；说服；使恢复健康；使复苏
高考英语名词知识点知识点总复习含答案
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