骨科英语词汇

骨科英语词汇

骨骼与关节

内medial intra-

外lateral extra-

前anterior

后posterior

上superior

下inferior

掌palmar

背dorsal

大greater maximus 小lesser

长longus

短brevis

面surface

缘border

孔aperture foramen 髁condyle

头head

体body

干shaf

底base

基radical

尖apex

伸extension

屈flection

展abduction

收adduction

尺侧ulnaris

桡侧radialis

皮质骨cortical bone

松质骨spongy bone

干骺部metaphysis

骨骺端epiphysis

纤维软骨fibrous cartilage

透明软骨hyaline cartilage

脊柱spine

椎骨vertebra

颈椎cervical vertebra 胸椎thoracic vertebra 腰椎lumbar vertebra 骶骨sacrum

尾骨coccyx

寰椎atlas

前弓anterior arch

后弓posterior arch

枢椎axis

齿突condyle

隆椎vertebra prominent

椎体body of vertebral

椎孔vertebral foramen

椎管vertebral canal

椎间孔intervertebral foramen

椎弓vertebral arch

椎弓根pedicle of vertebra

椎板lamina of vertebra

上肋凹superior costal fovea

下肋凹inferior costal fovea

上关节突superior articular process 下关节突inferior articular process 关节凹articular fovea

横突transverse process

横突孔transverse foramen

棘突spinous process

椎间盘intervertebral disc

髓核nucleus pulposus

纤维环fibrous rings

前纵韧带anterior longitudinal lig. 后纵韧带posterior longitudinal lig. 黄韧带yellow ligament

棘间韧带interspinal lig.

棘上韧带supraspinal lig.

项韧带nuchal lig.

肋骨rib

肋软骨costal cartilage

胸骨柄manubrium of sternum 胸骨体body of sternum

剑突xiphoid process

胸骨下角infrasternal angle

肋间隙intercostal space

胸锁关节sternoclavicular joint

胸肋关节sternocostal joint

关节盘articular disc

上肢带骨shoulder girdle

自由上肢骨bones of free upper limb 锁骨clavicle

肩胛骨scapula

关节盂glenoid cavity

肩峰acromion

喙突coracoid process

肩胛下窝subscapular fossa

冈上窝supraspinous fossa

肩胛冈spine of scapula

冈下窝infraspinous fossa

胸锁关节sternoclavicular joint

肩关节shoulder joint

肩锁关节acromioclavicular joint 喙锁韧带coracoclavicular lig.

喙肩韧带coracoacromial lig.

喙肱韧带coracohumeral lig.

肱骨humerus

肱骨头head of humerus

大结节greater tubercle

小结节lesser tubercle

解剖颈anatomical neck

外科颈surgical neck

结节间沟intertubercular sulcus

桡神经沟sulcus for radial nerve 鹰嘴窝olecranon fossa

肱骨滑车trochlea of humerus

尺神经沟sulcus for ulnar nerve

桡骨小头radial capitulum

外上髁lateral epicondyle

内上髁medial epicondyle

尺骨ulna

鹰嘴olecranon

滑车切迹trochlear notch

冠突coronoid process

茎突styloid process 尺骨头head of ulna

桡骨radius

桡骨头head of radius

环状关节面articular circumference

桡骨颈neck of radius

桡骨粗隆radial tuberosity

尺切迹ulnar notch

肘关节elbow joint

肱尺关节humeroulnar joint

肱桡关节humeroradial joint

桡尺近侧关节proximal radioulnar joint

桡侧副韧带radial collateral lig.

尺侧副韧带collateral ulnar lig.

桡骨环状韧带annular ligament of radius

肘后三角

提携角carrying angle

前臂骨间膜interosseous membrane of forearm 桡尺远侧关节distal radioulnar joint

桡腕关节radiocarpal joint

腕骨carpal bones

手舟骨scaphoid bone

月骨lunate bone

三角骨tr i quetrum bone

豌豆骨pisiform bone

大多角骨trapezium bone

小多角骨trapezoid bone

头状骨capitate bone

钩骨hamate bone

籽骨sesamoid bone

掌骨metacarpal bone

近节指骨proximal phalanx

中节指骨middle phalanx

远节指骨distal phalanx

拇指pollicis

食指index finger

中指middle finger

环指ring finger

小指liltle finger

掌骨间关节intermetacarpal joints

掌指关节metacarpophalangeal joint

指间关节interphalangeal joint

腱纤维鞘fibrous sheath of tendon

下肢带骨lower limb girdle

自由下肢骨bones of free lower limb

骨盆pelvis

髋骨hip bone

髂骨ilium

坐骨ischium

耻骨pubis

髂嵴iliac crest

髂前上棘anterior superior iliac spine 髂前下棘anterior inferior iliac spine 髋臼acetabulum

髋臼窝acetabular fossa

月状面lunar surface;lunate surface 耻骨上支superior ramus of pubis

耻骨结节pubic tubercle

耻骨下支inferior ramus of pubis

闭孔obturator foramen

坐骨支ramus of ischium

坐骨结节ischial tuberosity

坐骨小切迹lesser sciatic notch

坐骨棘ischial spine

坐骨大切迹greater sciatic notch

髂后下棘posterior inferior iliac spine 耳状面auricular surface

髂后上棘posterior superior iliac spine 髂粗隆iliac tuberosity

弓状线arcuate line

耻骨联合pubic symphysis

骶髂关节cacroiliac joint

髂腰韧带iliolumbar lig.

骶结节韧带sacrotuberous lig.

坐骨大孔greater sciatic formaen

骶棘韧带sacrospinal lig.

坐骨小孔lesser sciatic foramen

闭孔膜obturator membrane

闭膜管obturator canal

骨盆上口superior pelvic aperture

骨盆下口inferior pelvic aperture

骨盆腔pelvic cavity

耻骨下角subpubic angle 股骨femur

股骨头femoral head

股骨头韧带ligament of head of femur 股骨头凹fovea of femoral head

轮匝带zona orbicularis

股骨颈neck of femur

大转子greater trochanter

小转子lesser trochanter

转子间线intertrochanteric line

臀肌粗隆gluteal tuberosity

股骨体shaft of femur

髌面patellar surface

髁间窝intercondylar fossa

收肌结节adductor tubercle

内侧髁medial condyle

外侧髁lateral condyle

内上髁medial epicondyle

外上髁lateral epicondyle

髋关节hip coxa

髋臼唇acetabular labrum

髂股韧带iliofemoral lig.

耻股韧带pubofemoral lig.

坐股韧带ischiofemoral lig.

髌骨patella

膝关节knee joint

髌韧带patellar lig.

腓侧副韧带collateral fibular lig.

胫侧副韧带collateral tibial lig.

腘斜韧带oblique popliteal lig.

前交叉韧带anterior cruciate lig.

后交叉韧带posterior cruciate lig.

髌内侧支持带medial patellar retinaculum 髌外侧支持带lateral patellar retinaculum 髌上囊suprapatellar bursa

内侧半月板medial meniscus

外侧半月板lateral meniscus

胫骨tibia

腓骨fibula

髁间隆起intercondylar eminence

胫骨粗隆tibial tuberosity

髁间前区anterior intercondylar area

髁间后区posterior intercondylar area 滋养孔nutrient foramen

内踝medial malleolus

外踝lateral malleolus

距骨talus

距骨头head of talus

距骨颈neck of talus

距骨滑车trochlea of talus

距骨后突posterior process of talus

跟骨calcaneum bone

载距突sustentaculum tali

跟骨结节calcaneal tuberosity

骰骨cuboid bone

足舟骨navicular bone

内侧楔骨medial cuneiform bone

中间楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone 外侧楔骨lateral cuneiform bone

跖骨metatarsal bone

趾骨phalanges of toes

趾

胫腓连结tibiofibular syndesmosis

踝关节ankle joint

三角韧带triangular lig.

距腓前韧带anterior talofibular ligament 距腓后韧带posterior talofibular ligament 跗骨间关节intertarsal joints

距跟关节talocalcaneal joint

距下关节subtalar joint

跗横关节transverse tarsal joint

距跟舟关节talocalcaneonavicular joint

跟骰关节calcaneocuboid joint

跟舟足底韧带plantar calcaneonavicular lig. 跳跃韧带plantar calcaneonavicular lig. 分歧韧带bifurcate lig.

跗跖关节tarsometatarsal joint

跖骨间关节intermetatarsal joints

跖趾关节metatarsophalangeal joint

趾骨间关节interphalangeal joints of foot 足弓plantar arch

肌肉

肌腹muscle belly

肌腱muscle tendon

腱膜aponeurosis

短肌short muscle

长肌long muscle

阔肌wide muscle

轮匝肌orbicular muscle

拮抗肌antagonist

筋膜fascia

浅筋膜superfacial fascia

深筋膜deep fascia

滑膜囊synovial bursa

腱鞘tendon sheath

腱纤维鞘fibrous sheath of tendon

纤维层fibrous layer

腱滑膜鞘synovial sheath of tendon

滑膜层synovial layer

腱系膜mesotendon

背肌muscles of back

斜方肌trapezius m.

背阔肌latissimus dorsi

肩胛提肌levator scapulae m.

菱形肌rhomboid m.

竖脊肌erector spinae

夹肌splenius

胸肌pectoral muscle

胸大肌pectoralis major m.

胸小肌pectoralis minor m.

锁骨下肌subclavius m.

前锯肌serratus anterior m.

翼状肩aliform shoulder

肋间外肌external intercostal m.

肋间内肌intercostales interni

肋间最内肌intercostales intimi

胸横肌transversus thoracis

膈diaphragm

腹肌abdominal muscle

腹外斜肌obliquus externus abdominis muscle 腹内斜肌obliquus internus abdominis muscle 腹横肌transversus abdominis 腹直肌rectus abdominis

腹直肌鞘sheath of rectus abdominis

白线Hilton's white line

腰方肌quadratus lumborum

腹股沟groin

腹股沟管inguinal canal

上肢肌muscles of upper limb

上肢带肌

三角肌deltoid muscle

冈上肌supraspinatus m.

冈下肌infraspinatus m.

小圆肌teres minor m.

大圆肌teres major m.

肩胛下肌subscapularis m.

臂肌

肱二头肌biceps brachii m.

喙肱肌coracobrachialis m.

肱肌brachialis m.

肱三头肌triceps brachii m.

肘肌anconeus m.

前臂肌

肱桡肌brachioradialis m.

屈肌总腱

旋前圆肌pronator teres m.

桡侧腕屈肌flexor carpi radialis m.

掌长肌palmaris longus m.

尺侧腕屈肌flexor carpi ulnaris m.

指浅屈肌flexor digitorum superficialis m. 拇长屈肌flexor pollicis longus m.

指深屈肌flexor digitorum profundus m. 旋前方肌pronator quadratus m.

伸肌总腱

桡侧腕长伸肌extensor carpi radialis longus m. 桡侧腕短伸肌extensor carpi radialis brevis m. 指伸肌extensor digitorum m.

小指伸肌extensor digiti minimi m.

尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris m.

旋后肌supinator m.

拇长展肌abductor pollicis longus m.

拇短伸肌extensor hallucis brevis m.

拇长伸肌extensor pollicis longus m.

示指伸肌extensor indicis m.

手肌

鱼际thenar

拇短展肌abductor pollicis brevis m.

拇短屈肌flexor pollicis brevis m.

拇对掌肌opponens pollicis m.

拇收肌adductor pollicis m.

小鱼际hypothenar

小指展肌abductor digiti minimi m.

小指短屈肌flexor digiti minimi brevis m. 小指对掌肌opponens digiti minimi m.

蚓状肌lumbrical m.

骨间掌侧肌palmar interossei m.

骨间背侧肌dorsal interossei m.

腋窝axillary fossa

三边孔trilateral foramen

四边孔quadrilateral foramen

肘窝cubital fossa

腕管carpal canal

屈肌支持带flexor retinaculum

伸肌支持带extensor retinaculum

掌腱膜palmar aponeurosis

髋肌

髂腰肌iliopsoas m.

髂肌iliacus m.

腰大肌psoas major m.

腰小肌psoas major m.

臀大肌gluteus maximus m.

臀中肌gluteus medius m.

臀小肌gluteus minimus m.

梨状肌piriformis m.

闭孔内肌obturator internus m.

上孖肌gemellus superior m.

下孖肌gemellus inferior m.

股方肌quadratus femoris

闭孔外肌obturator externus

大腿肌

阔筋膜张肌tensor fasciae latae m.

缝匠肌sartorius m.

股四头肌quadriceps femoris m.

耻骨肌pectineus m. 长收肌adductor longus m.

股薄肌gracilis m.

短收肌adductor brevis m.

大收肌adductor magnus m.

腘绳肌

股二头肌biceps femoris m.

半腱肌semitendinosus m.

半膜肌semimembranosus m.

小腿肌

胫骨前肌tibialis anterior m.

趾长伸肌extensor digitorum longus m. 长伸肌extensor hallucis longus m.

腓骨长肌peroneus longus m.

腓骨短肌peroneus brevis m.

小腿三头肌triceps surae m.

腓肠肌gastrocnemius m.

比目鱼肌soleus m.

跖肌plantaris m.

腘肌popliteus m.

趾长屈肌flexor digitorum longus

长屈肌flexor hallucis longus

胫骨后肌tibialis posterior

短伸肌extensor hallucis brevis

趾短伸肌extensor digitorum brevis

展肌abductor hallucis m.

短屈肌flexor hallucis brevis m.

收肌abductor hallucis m.

小趾展肌abductor digiti minimi m.

小趾短屈肌flexor digiti minimi brevis m. 趾短屈肌flexor digitorum brevis m.

足底方肌quadratus plantae m.

蚓状肌lumbricales m.

骨间足底肌plantar interossei m.

骨间背侧肌dorsal interossei m.

梨状肌上孔suprapiriform foramen

梨状肌下孔infrapiriform foramen

血管腔隙lacuna vasorum

肌腔隙lacuna musculorum

股管femoral canal

股环femoral ring

股三角femoral triangle

收肌管adductor canal

腘窝popliteal fossa

阔筋膜fascia lata

髂胫束iliotibial tract

卵圆窝fossa ovalis

伸肌上支持带superior extensor retinaculum 伸肌下支持带inferior extensor retinaculum

屈肌支持带flexor retinaculum

腓骨肌上支持带superior peroneal retinaculum 腓骨肌下支持带inferior peroneal retinaculum 血管

动脉arteria

主动脉aorta

胸主动脉thoracic aorta

腹主动脉abdomial aorta

髂外动脉external iliac a

髂内动脉internal iliac a.

颈总动脉common carotid a.

颈外动脉external carotid a.

面动脉facial artery

颞浅动脉superficial temporal a.

上颌动脉maxillary a.

脑膜中动脉middle meningeal a.

颈内动脉internal carotid a.

锁骨下动脉subclavian a.

椎动脉vertebral a.

胸廓内动脉internal thoracic a.

甲状颈干thyrocervical trunk

腋动脉axillary a.

胸肩峰动脉thoracoacromial a.

胸外侧动脉lateral thoracic a.

肩胛下动脉subscapular a.

旋肱后动脉posterior humeral circumflex a.

肱动脉brachial a.

肱深动脉deep brachial a.

桡动脉radial a.

桡侧返动脉radial recurrent a.

掌浅支superficial palmar branch 拇主要动脉principal a.of thumb

尺动脉ulnar a.

骨间总动脉common interosseous a.

骨间前动脉anterior interosseous a.

骨间后动脉posterior interosseous a.

掌深支deep palmar branch

掌浅弓superficial palmar arch

掌深弓deep palmar arch

指掌侧总动脉common palmar digital a.

指掌侧固有动脉proper palmar digital a.

髂内动脉internal iliac a.

壁支

闭孔动脉obturator a.

臀上动脉superior gluteal a.

臀下动脉inferior gluteal a.

髂腰动脉iliolumbar a.

骶外侧动脉lateral sacral a.

脏支

子宫动脉uterine a.

阴部内动脉internal pudendal a.

膀胱下动脉inferior vesical a.

直肠下动脉inferior rectal a.

髂外动脉external iliac a.

股动脉femoral a.

股深动脉deep femoral a.

旋股内侧动脉medial femoral circumflex a. 旋股外侧动脉lateral femoral circumflex a. 穿动脉perforating a.

腹壁浅动脉superficial epigastric a.

旋髂浅动脉superficial iliac circumflex a. 腘动脉

胫后动脉posterior tibial a.

腓动脉peroneal a.

足底内侧动脉medial plantar a.

足底外侧动脉lateral plantar a.

胫前动脉anterior tibial a

足背动脉dorsalis pedis artery

静脉vein

静脉瓣venous valve

浅静脉superficial v.

深静脉deep v.

伴行静脉accompanying v.

肺静脉pulmonary v.

上腔静脉superior vena cava

面静脉facial v.

颈外静脉external jugular v.

下颌后静脉retromandibular v.

颈前静脉anterior jugular v.

颈内静脉internal jugular v.

锁骨下静脉subclavian v.

头静脉cephalic v.

贵要静脉basilic v.

肘正中静脉intermedian cubital v.

前臂正中静脉median antebrachial v.

手背静脉网dorsal venous rete of hand

静脉丛venous plexus

头臂静脉brachiocephalic v.

奇静脉azygos v.

半奇静脉hemiazygous v.

下腔静脉inferior vena cava

小隐静脉small saphenous v.

足背静脉弓dorsal venous arch of foot

大隐静脉great saphenous v.

股内侧浅静脉

股外侧浅静脉

阴部外静脉external pudendal v.

腹壁浅静脉superficial epigastric v.

旋髂浅静脉superficial circumflex iliac v. 胫前静脉anterior tibial v.

胫后静脉posterior tibial v.

神经

周围神经系统peripheral nervous system

脑神经cranial n.

嗅神经olfactory n. 视神经optic n.

动眼神经oculomotor n.

滑车神经trochlear n.

三叉神经trigeminal n.

展神经abducent n.

面神经facial n

前庭蜗神经vestibulocochlear n.

舌咽神经glossopharyngeal n.

迷走神经vagus n.

副神经accessory n.

舌下神经hypoglossal n.

内脏神经visceral nerve

传入神经afferent nerve

传出神经efferent nerve

自主神经系统autonomic nervous system 植物神经系统antagonistic system

交感神经sympathetic n.

副交感神经parasympathetic n.

神经节ganglion

髓鞘myelin sheath

神经内膜endoneurium

神经束膜nerve fascicles

神经外膜epineurium

脊神经节spinal ganglia

颈神经cervical n.

胸神经thoracic n.

腰神经lumbar n.

骶神经sacral n.

尾神经coccygeal n.

马尾cauda equina

前支anterior branch

后支posterior branch

脊膜支meningeal branch

交通支communicating branch

脊神经spinal n.

颈丛cervical plexus

枕小神经lesser occipital n.

耳大神经great auricular n.

颈横神经transverse n. of neck

锁骨上神经supraclavicular n.

膈神经 phrenic n. 臂丛 brachial plexus 上干 superior trunk 中干 middle trunk 下干 inferior trunk 内侧束 medial cord 外侧束 lateral cord 后束 posterior cord 胸长神经 long thoracic n. 肩胛背神经 dorsal scapular n. 肩胛上神经 suprascapular n. 肩胛下神经 subscapular n. 胸内侧神经 medial pectoral n. 胸外侧神经 lateral pectoral n 胸背神经 thoracodorsal n. 腋神经 axillary n. 臂外侧皮神经 肌皮神经 musculocutaneous n. 前臂外侧皮神经lateral antebrachial cutaneous n. 正中神经 median n. 骨间前神经 anterior interosseous n. 正中神经返支 指掌侧总神经common palmar digital n. 指掌侧固有神经proper palmar digital n. 尺神经 ulnar n. 桡神经 radial n. 桡神经浅支 superficial branch of radial n. 骨间后神经 posterior interosseous n. 臂内侧皮神经medial brachial cutaneous n. 前臂内侧皮神medial antebrachial cutaneous n. 腰丛 lumbar plexus 髂腹下神经 iliohypogastric n. 髂腹股沟神经ilioinguinal n. 股外侧皮神经lateral femoral cutaneous n. 股神经 femoral n. 闭孔神经 obturator n. 生殖股神经 genitofemoral n.

骶丛 sacral plexus 臀上神经 superior gluteal n. 臀下神经 inferior gluteal n. 股后皮神经 posterior cutaneous n. of thigh 阴部神经 pudendal n. 坐骨神经 sciatic n. 胫神经 tibial n. 腓肠内侧皮神经medial sural cutaneous n. 腓肠外侧皮神经lateral sural cutaneous n. 腓肠神经 sural n. 足底内侧神经medial plantar n. 足底外侧神经lateral plantar n. 腓总神经 common peroneal n. 腓浅神经 superficial peroneal n. 腓深神经 deep peroneal n. 骨科器械 叩诊锤 听诊器 血压计 三角针 圆针 丝线 可吸收线 线剪 解剖剪 血管钳 弯钳 蚊式钳 持针器 卵圆钳 巾钳 刀柄 刀片 电刀 咬骨钳 咬骨剪 骨刀 骨凿 骨钻 摆锯

线锯 骨锉 骨膜剥离器 持骨器

复位钳

老虎钳

克氏针

斯氏针

开口器

关节镜arthroscopy

探针

剪刀

篮钳

抓取钳

关节镜刀

电动刨刀

气化电刀

交换棒

挡板

Mayo架

骨科植入物

刚度stifness

弹性模量modulus of elasticity

应力遮挡stress shielding

强度strength

有限接触性动力加压钢板LC-DCP Limited contact dynamic compression plate 点式接触固定器PC-Fix point contact fixator

骨科检查

物理检查physical examination

骨龄bone age

肌力myodynamia

影像学检查

关节造影arthrography

脊髓造影myelography

CT computer tomography

核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 放射性核素radionucide

诱发电位evoked potential, EP

肌电图electromyogram, EMG

步态gait 治疗技术treatment technic

止血带prelum arteriol

石膏绷带plaster bandage

小夹板small splint

手法牵引manual traction

皮肤牵引skin traction

骨牵引bone traction

关节穿刺

关节镜arthroscope

半月板切除术meniscectomy

游离体corpus liberum

围手术期

创伤骨科

创伤后休克

脂肪栓塞fat embolism

筋膜室综合症compartment syndrome 挤压综合症

骨折fracture

脱位dislocation

复位reduction

固定fixation, immobilization 功能锻炼functional training

创伤trauma

擦伤abrasion

挫伤contusion, bruising

钝器伤blunt

锐器伤pointed

贯穿伤penetrating

挤压伤crush

刀伤incised wound

脱套伤degloving

撕脱伤avulsion

撕裂伤1aceration

局限性的circumscribed

筋膜间室compartment

Master cases orthopaedic trauma Thieme

New York Stuttgart

沙滩椅位beach chair position 清创debride

神清conscious and oriented 撕裂laceration

血容量不足hypovolemia

尿道urethra

纱布gauze

会阴perineum

冲洗irrigate

不稳定labile

镇静作用sedation

擦洗scrub

填塞tamponade

氨基葡糖苷aminoglycoside

头孢cephalosporin

出血hemorrhage

药物疗法medication

防止发生circumvent

切incise

修整trim

暂时的provisional

助行器walking frame

虚弱的frail

骨质疏松osteoporosis

骨质减少osteopenia

濒死的moribund

不卧床的ambulant

陷阱pitfall

X线透视fluoroscopy

梨状肌piriformis

导引钢丝guidewire

卧位decubitus

嗜睡的somnolent

助步器ambulator

减少deplete

导尿管catheter

排除evacuate