美国高中生必须掌握的100个单词解读

美国高中生必备词汇

abjure

v. 发誓放弃

[例句]:

Some of the Roman Emperors tried to make Christians abjure theirreligion。一些罗马皇帝企图迫使基督徒放弃信仰。

abrogate

v. 废除

[例句]:

Washington decided to abrogate the “eternal” treaty with France’scurrent government and declared the United States neutral, despiteharsh criticisms in the press and in his own government。

尽管遭受来自媒体和政府内部的批评，华盛顿决定彻底废除和法国现政府的“永久”条约，宣布美国中立。

abstemious

adj. 节制的

[例句]:

To be abstemious in eating and drinking

饮食节制

[笔记]:

和abstain 对比， abstain是回避，戒除；而abstemious则是节约，朴素。 acumen n. 锐敏，聪明

[例句]:

Her business acumen has made her very successful。

她灵活的经商头脑使她的生意十分兴隆。

antebellum

adj. 战前的，尤指美国南北战争前

[例句]:

The capital of Louisiana, in the southeast-central part of thestate on a bluff above the Mississippi River. It has notableantebellum houses. Population, 219,531.

巴吞鲁日美国路易斯安那州的首府，位于密西西比河下峭壁的东南中心部，保留许多闻名的南北战争前古建筑。人口219，531

auspicious

n. 吉兆的，幸运的

[例句]:

The publication of my first book was an auspicious beginning of mycareer。

我的第一本书的出版是我事业吉祥的开始。

belie

v. 掩饰，与…不符，使…失望

[例句]:

Practical experience belies this theory。

实际经验证明这个理论是错误的。

His cheerful manner belied his real feelings。

他那快活的样子掩饰了他真实的感情。

bellicose

adj. 好战的，好斗的

[例句]:

Some irresponsible politicians made a bellicose remarks。

一些不负责任的政客做出一些好战的话语。

bowdlerize

v. 删去

[例句]:

There is no need to bowdlerize your speech when dealing with anyonefrom a legal standpoint。

从法律角度说，你不需要再跟任何人修订你的演讲稿了。

chicanery

n. 欺诈，欺骗

[例句]:

They are skilled at chicanery and lies。

他们擅长于谎言和欺骗。

The world is full of chicanery。

世界充满了欺骗

chromosome

n. 染色体

[例句]:

The position that a given gene occupies on a chromosome。

基因座在一条染色体上某种给定基因所占的位置

churlish

adj. 粗野的

[例句]:

It seems churlish to refuse such a generous offer。

拒绝这样慷慨的建议未免有些失礼。

Churlish as it may be to criticise those who set out to do good,many charities behave as if they were unaccountable。

许多的慈善机构表现得很不负责，虽然我们这样责备这些从事善行的人可能显得不礼貌。

circumlocution

n. 迂回累赘的陈述

[例句]:

He is a master at circumlocution, but it’s easier for me tounderstand him now than before。

他讲话很会兜圈子，不过我现在已经比以前容易理解他的意思了。

[笔记]:

circum 迂回

locution 惯用语

circumnavigate

vt. 环航

[例句]:

Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe。

麦哲伦是第一个环球航行的人。

It’s said that Zhen He in China Ming dynasty was the first personwho circumnavigate the globe

据说中国明朝的郑和是世界上第一个环游地球的人。

deciduous

adj. 每年落叶的，非永久性的

[例句]:

Very few plants in my garden are deciduous。

我公园里的落叶植物很少。

deleterious

adj. 有害于，有毒的

[例句]:

The continual forcasting errors had significant deleterious impacton Motorola’s credit ratings and relationships。

持续的预测失灵对摩托罗拉的信用和关系产生了极坏影响。

Obviously we ought to be very concerned about gambling in any formbecause it is certainly deleterious to our communities

很显然，对任何形式的赌博，我们都要保持极高的警惕，因为凡是赌博都会危害我们的社区。

diffident

adj. 无自信的，客客气气的，羞怯的

[例句]:

He was to diffident to do justice to himself。他过于羞怯而不能为自己声辩。

[笔记]:

和Confident 对比。

enervate

v. 使衰弱

vt. 使无力

[例句]:

The luxury enervates and destroys nations 奢华铺张会让国家衰弱。

enfranchise

v. 给与自治权，给与选举权，解放

[例句]:

In Britain women were enfranchised in 1918. 1918年英国妇女获得议会选举权。The slaves were enfranchised。

奴隶们被释放了。

epiphany

n. 主显节，公现节，出现

[例句]:

A Christian festival observed from December24, Christmas Eve, toJanuary5, the eve of Epiphany。

圣诞节节期圣诞节假日从十二月二十四日的圣诞前一天，到一月五日的显灵节前一天 equinox

n. 昼夜平分点，春分或秋分

[例句]:

An equinox is one of the two days in the year when day and nightare of equal length。[笔记]:

春分和秋分，太阳直射赤道(equator)，日夜时间相等(equal)

euro

n. 欧元

[例句]:

The euro remained stronger against the dollar and yen in New Yorktrading Thursday。周四纽约交易市场上欧元兑美元和日元依然强劲。

evanescent

adj. 逐渐消失的，容易消散的，会凋零的

[例句]:

The joy and moral stimulation of work no longer must be forgottenin the mad chase of evanescent profits。

务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励，而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即逝的利润。expurgate

v. 净化，删去

[例句]:

After WWII, for allies in Germany, one of the toughest job wasexpurgating fascist dogma from textbooks。

二战后，在德国的盟军最艰巨的一项任务是从教科书里删除法西斯主义教条。facetious

adj. 轻浮的，好开玩笑的

[例句]:

He is so facetious that he turns everything into a joke。

他好开玩笑，把一切都变成戏谑。

Facetious remarks are part of his stock-in-trade。

讲俏皮话是他的拿手好戏。

a facetious remarks。

开玩笑的话

fatuous

adj. 愚昧的，昏庸的，发呆的，愚笨的，自满的

[例句]:

He seems take pride to make such fatuous remarks。

他好像对自己愚蠢的讲话还洋洋自得。

feckless

adj. 没精神的，软弱的，无用的

[例句]:

This is a feckless argument, purely, and shows the lack oflegitimacy and moral integrity of these anti-war protestors。

这是一个无力的争辩，表现出了那些反战示威者法理以及道义上的缺乏。

fiduciary

adj. 受托的，信托的

[例句]:

He is acting in a fiduciary capacity。

他以受托人身份行为。

In a cynical era it is easy to overlook the importance of thisinstitutionalized efficiency and breadth of fiduciary trust。

在这玩世不恭的时代，这种惯常的效率和高度信任的重大意义是容易被人忽视的。

filibuster

v.&n. 妨碍议事，阻挠

[例句]:

One who systematically blocks or interrupts a process, especiallyone who attempts to impede passage of legislation by the use ofdelaying tactics, such as a filibuster。

有组织的妨害议事的人有组织地阻碍或打断进程一个人，尤其是意在阻碍提案通过，借助一些延后的策略，如冗长的演说

gamete

n. 配偶子

[例句]:

The other male gamete fuses with the secondary nucleus, forming theprimary endosperm nucleus。

另一个雄配子和次生核结合形成初生胚乳核。

gauche

adj. 笨拙的，粗鲁的

[例句]:

I find him terribly gauche。

我认为他太不圆通了。

It’s considered a little gauche to show love to a girl in yourfirst meet。

[笔记]:

程度应该比rude轻吧

gerrymander

v. 为己党利益擅改选区

[例句]:

A district or configuration of districts differing widely in sizeor population because of gerrymandering。

不公正划分的选区由于不公正划分选区而在面积和人口方面差异极大的一个区或选区结构

[笔记]:

1 : to divide (a territorial unit) into election districts to giveone political party an electoral majority in a large number ofdistricts while concentrating the voting strength of the oppositionin as few districts as possible

2 : to divide (an area) intopolitical units to give special advantages to one group hegemony

n. 霸权，领导权

[例句]:

China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion。

中国永不称霸，也不会对外扩张。

hemoglobin

n. 血红蛋白

[例句]:

The destruction or dissolution of red blood cells, with subsequentrelease of hemoglobin。

溶血(现象)，血细胞溶解红血细胞的破坏或溶解，随后释放血红蛋白

A red blood cell having no hemoglobin。

血影细胞失去血红蛋白的一种红血细胞

The protein that is a constituent of hemoglobin。

球蛋白由血红蛋白构成的蛋白

homogeneous

adj. 同种的，同质的，均质的

[例句]:

A dense, homogeneous rock with constituents so fine that theycannot be seen by the naked eye。

隐晶岩，非显晶岩一种成分细密肉眼不能看到的致密同质岩石

The state or quality of being homogeneous。

同质同质或相似的性质或状态

hubris

n. 傲慢，骄傲

[例句]:

Bush has fallen victim to his own hubris。

布什成为他自身傲慢的牺牲品。

hypotenuse

n. (直角三角形的)斜边

[例句]:

The hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle is the side opposite itsright angle。

斜边是直角三角形直角相对的那条边。

impeach

v. 存疑，归咎，怀疑

[例句]:

The Parliament decided to impeach the President。

国会决定弹劾总统。

Many people impeached the judge for taking bribes。

很多人控告法官受贿。

incognito

adv. 微行，用假名的

n. 微行者，匿名者

adj. 微行的，改名的，匿名的

[例句]:

He didn’t want to be recognized, so he travelled incognito。他不想被人认出，所以出行时隐瞒身分。

incontrovertible

adj. 无争论之余地的，无疑的，明白的

[例句]:

Necessarily or demonstrably true; incontrovertible。

必然真实的，可明确论证的；无可置疑的

Incontrovertible proof of the defendant’s innocence。证实被告无罪的无可辩驳的证据

inculcate

v. 教授，谆谆教诲，教育

[例句]:

We failed to inculcate our children with the knowledge oflove。我们没有成功地施以孩子们爱的教育。

infrastructure

n. 下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

[例句]:

Our city offer overseas in vesture fair service for productionaside from infrastructure。我市除了向外国投资者提供基础设施外，还提供良好的生产服务设施。

interpolate

v. 加入(额外的事)，窜改

[例句]:

If I may interpolate a comment, before you c ontinue yourspeech… 很抱歉打断你的演讲，请让我插句话…。

Close inspection showed that many lines had been interpolated intothe manuscript at a later date。

经仔细检查发现不少字句是後来添写进原手稿中去的。

irony

n. 反讽，讽剌，讽剌之事

[例句]:

The great irony is that despite all his explanation nobody believedhim。最具讽刺意味的是：尽管他竭力解释，可没一个人相信他。

Paradox and irony are characteristics of her style。

她善於运用似非而是的隽语和反语。

Do I detect a tinge of irony?

我觉得这话有点儿像反话吧？

jejune

adj. 空洞的，不成熟的

[例句]:

We were surprised by their jejune responses to our problems。

他们空洞的反应让我们很惊讶。

kinetic

adj. 运动的

[例句]:

Kinetic energy is the energy arising from motion。

动能就是由于运动而产生的能量。

British astronomer, physicist, and mathematician noted for his workon the kinetic theory of gases and his investigations into therelationships between mathematical concepts and the naturalworld。

詹姆斯，詹姆斯·霍普伍德1877－1946英国天文学家、物理学家和数学家。以气体动力学的研究和探索数学同自然界之间的关系著称

kowtow

n. <汉>磕头

vi. 叩头

[例句]:Their actions tell us that unless politicians kowtow to theirparty’s special interests they will not be elected or they willhave no effect。

他们的举动告诉我们，除非这些政客向党内特殊利益磕头，否则他们就无法当选或者不能发挥作用。

laissez faire

n. 放任，自由主义

[例句]:Laissez-faire ideologues and Roosevelt haters cried that he was putting the country on the road to communism。

自由资本主义的理想主义者和罗斯福的政敌叫嚣他正把国家放在通往共产主义的道路上。

lexicon

n. 辞典，语典

[例句]:In my lexicon, those are not the same things at all。

但我认为这根本不能混为一谈。

loquacious

adj. 多嘴的，饶舌的

[例句]:

Jack is a silent boy, but loquacious on his favourite topic。

杰克是个安静的男孩，但是一碰上自己感兴趣的话题，就变得非常健谈。lugubrious

adj. 可怜的，悲惨的，悲哀的

[例句]:There’s this image in the public consciousness that they’re just a bunch of lugubrious, free-spending bodies mindlessly moving cheek to jowl and wasting the public’s money, but that was not the Congress that I saw。

在公众的意识当中，拿些人(议员)是一群可悲的，挥霍无度的躯壳，他们说话不经过大脑，浪费公众钱财；但是我实际看到的议会不是这样的。metamorphosis

n. 锐变，变质，变形

[例句]:The social metamorphosis occurred in China is remarkable。中国发生的社会变化是值得注意的。

She’s undergo quite a metamorphosis since you last see her。

自你上次见到她以来，她已完全变了一个样子。

mitosis

n. 有丝分裂，间接核分裂

[例句]:Mitosis, the process of cell division, is the fundamental mechanism by which all living things, from the lowest singlecelled creature to the most complex organisms, including man, perpetuate themselves。

有丝分裂，细胞分裂这一过程。是所有生物，从最低级的单细胞生物到更加复杂的有机体，包括人类，生生不息最根本的机制。

moiety

n. 一半，一部份，应得之份

[例句]:That older system also was working badly. It was restricting purchasing power to a shrinking moiety of the population, and losing its progressive momentum very rapidly。

更古老的系统也不顶用，它将购买力限制在一组数量不断缩小的人群，快速失去前进的动力。

nanotechnology

n. 纳米技术

[例句]:Despite the growing pains, many experts say nanotechnology is catching on much faster than they had expected。

尽管遭遇挫折，专家们肯定说，纳米技术的发展速度远超他们的期望。

nihilism

n. 虚无主义，无政府主义

[例句]:At the last end of century and the correspond liter ary world, historical nihilism becomes a fashion to follow。

在刚刚逝去的上一世纪末和当下的文坛上，当前文艺批评中的历史虚无主义倾向竟成为某些人称颂的“亮点”和效仿的“时髦”。

nomenclature

n. 命名法，专门语，术语

[例句]:botanical nomenclature

植物分类法

It developed variations in nomenclature and in substance。

在名称和实质上，它都发生了变化。

nonsectarian

adj. 无宗派的

[例句]:Embry-Riddle is an independent, nonsectarian , not-for-profit coeducational university serving culturally diverse students seeking careers in aviation, aerospace, engineering, and related fields。

Embry-Riddle 大学是一所独立的，非教派，非盈利，男女同校的大学，为不同文化背景的学生提供航空学、天学、工程学多领域的教育服务。

notarize

v. 证明，确认

[例句]:It is illegal under state law to notarize documents if a notary has a financial interest in the transaction。

如果公证可能因被公正的交易而获利，则根据州律法，这项公证是非法的。obsequious

adj. 谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的

[例句]:He is a worker who is obsequious to the boss。

他是个对老板卑躬屈膝的人。

oligarchy

n. 寡头政治

[例句]:America’s bankers a re oligarchys

美国的银河家是寡头政治。

omnipotent

adj. 全能的，无所不能的

[例句]:The omnipotent God will help us。

万能的上帝会帮助我们的。

He is an omnipotent bureaucrat。

他是个有很大权力的官僚。

Americans are not omnipotent, not all virtuous, they should remind themselves, they do not bestride the world。

美国人不是全知全能，也并非道德完满，他们必须提醒自己不能跨坐在这个世界之上。 orthography

n. 正确拼字，拼字，正字法

[例句]:Indictionaries, words are listed according to their orthography。在词典中，词是按照字母拼写顺序排列的。

[笔记]:

ortho-graphy

oxidize

v. 氧化，生锈

vt.&adv. 使氧化

[例句]:The carbon14 atoms oxidize to carbon dioxide which gets blown about and mixed up with lower atmosphere。

碳14原子氧化生成二氧化碳，向四周散去并与低空的大气混合。

Iron is easily oxidized。

铁很容易氧化。

parabola

n. 抛物线

[例句]:Remember the parabola demonstrates a 68% chance that the stock will stay within the area by expiration。

记住这条抛物线呈现出68%的概率，由于预期，这只股票会停留在这块区域里。paradigm

n. 例，模范，词形变化表

[例句]:The paradigm of a word。

词的词形变化。

parameter

n. 参数，参量

[例句]:We have to work within the parameters of time and budget。

我们工作受时间和财力所限。

pecuniary

adj. 金钱上的，金钱的

[例句]:She is so independent that she refused all pecuniary aid。她很独立，所以拒绝一切金钱上的资助。

[笔记]:

Financial 常指涉及大规模金钱的交易

Pecuniary 则更适用于个体们的私人的小规模交易

Fiscal 特指国家财政事务及政策

Monetary 特指货币的造币、印制与发行

photosynthesis

n. 光合作用

[例句]:In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves。

在苹果树里，光合作用几乎完全发生在叶子上。

plagiarize

vt. 抄袭(剽窃，借用)

[例句]:He have plagiarize most of the book from earlier study of the period。

他那本书大部分都是从研究那个时期的著作中剽窃的内容。

Whole passages of the work are plagiarized。

那作品整段整段都是剽窃的。

plasma

n. 等离子体(血浆，深绿玉髓)

[例句]The study of the interaction of magnetic fields and electrically conducting liquids or gases, such as molten metal or plasma。

磁流体动力学对磁场和导电的液体或气体，诸如熔化的金属或者等离子区之间的相互作用的研究

A plasma globulin of high molecular weight。

大球蛋白细胞分子中较重的血球蛋白

The living material of a plant or bacterial cell, including the protoplasm and plasma membrane after the cell wall has been removed。

原生质体植物细胞或细菌细胞的有生命的部分，包括原生质和去掉细胞壁后的质膜 polymer

n. 聚合体

[例句]:A polymer of two or more different monomers。

共聚物一种由两种或多种不同单体构成的聚合物

A molecule that can combine with others to form a polymer。

单体可以与其他分子结合形成聚合物的分子

precipitous

adj. 险峻的(突然的，急躁的)

[例句]:From a precipitous height we look at the town spread out below。我们从险峻的高处眺望铺展在下面的城镇。

We have a precipitous climb to the peak。

我们向着陡峭山顶攀登。

quasar

n. 恒星状球体，半星球体，类星球体

[例句]:This research suggests that not all supermassive black holes were formed in the quasar era。

这些研究暗示，并非所有超大质量黑洞都是在类星体时代形成。

quotidian

adj. 每日的，平凡的

[例句]:There’s nothing quite like a real.train conductor to add color to a quotidian commute(Anita Diamant)

没有什么能象一位现实中的火车售票员那样为日常的上下班交通线增加些色彩(阿尼塔戴曼)

recapitulate

v. 重述要点，概括，摘要

[例句]:So much for the detailed argument, I will now recapitulate。详细理由业已说完，我现在简述要旨。

Let me just recapitulate (on) what we’ve agreed so far。

让我仅扼要重述一下到目前为止我们已取得的一致意见。

reciprocal

adj. 相互的，互惠的

[数］n. 倒数

[例句]:The reciprocal of impedance。

导纳阻抗的对等物

Involving interchange; reciprocal。

涉及交换的；相互的

They have a reciprocal agreement to combat terrorism。

他们有相互配合的协定，共同与恐怖主义作斗争。

reparation

n. 补偿，赔偿

[例句]:They are still trying to make some sorts of atonement and reparation。

他们仍在努力作出某些补偿。

You must make reparation for the sorrow you have caused。

你必须对所造成的伤害予以补偿

[笔记]:

preparation 去掉开头的p

respiration

n. 呼吸

[例句]:Any of a class of iron-containing proteins important in cell respiration as catalysts of oxidation-reduction reactions。

胞色细胞任何一类含铁的蛋白质，在细胞呼吸中作氧化反应重要的催化剂

The air inhaled and exhaled in respiration。

呼吸的空气在呼吸中吸入和呼出的空气

German biochemist. He won a1931 Nobel Prize for research on the respiration of cells。

瓦尔堡，奥托·亨利希1883－1970德国生化学家。因其对细胞呼吸的研究而获得1931年的诺贝尔奖

[笔记]:

inspiration 激发

sanguine

adj. 乐天的，自信的

n. 血红色

[例句]:We are sanguine that we shall be succeeding。

我们自信会成功。

He is not very sanguine about our chances of success。

他对我们成功的机会不太乐观。

His hair was very fair, his face naturally sanguine。

他头发很淡，脸色天生红润

He was always so ready to be interested and always so happy, sanguine and light-hearted

他总是那么体贴，那么愉快、那么乐观、那么无忧无虑

soliloquy

n. 独白，自言自语

[例句]:Soliloquy could help release the press from a psychology view。从心理学角度看，自言自语可以帮助释放压力。

subjugate

v. 征服，使服从，抑制

[例句]:The last foreigner to subjugate England was a Norman duke in the Middle Ages named William。

最后一个征服英格兰的外国人，是中世纪诺曼公爵威廉。

[笔记]:

类似conquer

suffragist

n. 参政权扩大论者，妇女政权论者

[例句]:American abolitionist and suffragist who refused to pay taxes on her family’s farm because she, not having the right to vote, was not represented politically。

福斯特，阿维盖尔凯利1810－1887美国废奴主义者和主张扩大妇女参政权者。由于没有选举权而不享有政治代表权，她拒绝支付她家农场的捐税supercilious

adj. 目中无人的，高傲的

[例句]:The shop assistant was very supercilious towards me when I asked for some help。

我要买东西招呼售货员时，那个售货员对我不屑一顾。

Affecting an attitude of disdain or conceit; haughty and supercilious。傲慢的摆出轻蔑或自满的样子的；高傲且盛气凌人的

tautology

n. 无谓的重复

n。恒真

[例句]:To say that something is `adequate enough’ is a tautology 。

说某样东西“足够够用了”就是一个同义反复。

taxonomy

n. (动植物的)分类学

[例句]:Taxonomy is very largely subjective and intuitive。

分类学大体上是很主观和直观的。

tectonic

adj. 筑造的，建筑的，构造的

[例句]:Plate tectonic analysis of basin systems interspersed in orogenic belts requires that the effects of approximation be carefully distinguished from those of separation。分析造山带中盆地系的板块构造时，需要将靠近作用与分离作用仔细区分开来。tempestuous

adj. 有暴风雨的，暴乱的

[例句]:Their ship was sailing dangerously in the tempestuous sea。他们的船在浪急风高的海上危险地航行着。

thermodynamics

n. 热力学

[例句]:British physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics。

焦耳，詹姆斯·普雷斯科特1818－1889英国物理学家，为热量机械理论奠定基础，并发现了热力学第一定律

Clearly, a refrigerator, which is a physical system must obey not only the first

law(energy conservation) but the second law of thermodynamics as well。很明显，冷冻机是一种物理系统，因此它不仅必须遵从第一定律(能量定恒)，也必须遵从热力学的第二定律。

German physicist noted for his contributions to the understanding of thermodynamics。迈尔，尤里乌斯·罗伯特·冯1814－1878德国物理学家，为热力学研究作出很大贡献 totalitarian

adj. 极权主义的

[例句]:Almost all government adopt totalitarian measures in time of war。几乎所有的政府在战时都采取极权主义的措施。

yeoman

n. 自耕农

[例句]:The yeoman could never own and work on their land after the movement。

那场运动后，自耕农再也不能拥有并在他们自己的土地上耕耘了。

ziggurat n. 古代亚述及巴比伦之金字形神塔(顶上有神殿)

[例句]:The Ziggurat is a series of square platforms,with long ramps leading to a broad podium upon which,archaeologists believe,there once stood a shrine with a roof of burnished gold from which the people worshipped the Moon。

梯形金字塔是一系列方形平台构成，有一个斜坡通向一个宽敞的讲坛，考古学家相信，讲坛之上曾经耸立着一座由打磨过的黄金做顶的圣坛，人们通过圣坛膜拜月神。