插画外文文献
Looking Twice at Illustrated Books
Illustrations often lure would-be readers into books. Illustrations in today's books do more than just provide a visual accompaniment to text. They can also establish setting, define and develop characters, provide differing viewpoints, extend or develop the plot, establish mood, and provide interesting asides (Tunnell &Jacobs, 2008). While it has been said that a picture is worth a thousand words, illustrations have the power to engage the reader and support the text. Today's books offer a wide range of illustrated formats guaranteed to attract readers with their sumptuous colors and painstaking details. The role of illustration varies from the traditional picture book with illustrations on every page to chapter books with illustrations sprinkled across several pages. In the case of graphic novels illustrations are at the heart of the books, carrying the text across vividly imagined panels. In addition, teachers are increasingly aware of the role of the visual literacy component in their students' developing literacy. Often they are amazed that their students see things in book illustrations that the teachers themselves missed, creating many interesting discussions and prompting teachers to take another look at the illustrations in books.
On the following pages are some of our recent favorite illustrated books for children young and old.
Grades PK-2
Ahlberg, Allan. (2007). Previously. Illustrated by Bruce Ingman. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick Press. 32 pages, $16.99. ISBN 978*7636-3542-8.
Have you ever speculated about your favorite fairy-tale characters' activities before the "once upon a time?" Perhaps you have wondered what Jack and Jill were arguing about before going up the hill? Ahlberg explains what the characters were doing previously and helps readers see how their lives interconnect. Ingman's cartoon-like illustrations are the perfect complement to this delightful read-aloud tale. Bateman, Donna M. (2007). Deep in the swamp. Illustrated by Brian lies. Watertown, MA: Charlesbridge. 32 pages, $15.95, ISBN 1570915962.
With engaging, rhythmic patterns in the text and lush, greenish acrylic paintings that almost ooze with Southern humidity, this book depicts the animals and plants in the Okefenokee Swamp in an appealing fashion. The book would be perfect as a read-aloud for a science unit on swamps or ecosystems.
Beaty, Andrea. (2007). Iggy Peck, architect. Illustrated by David Roberts. New York: Abrams. 32 pages, $15.95, ISBN 0-810911060 -x.
Ever since he was two, Iggy Peck has loved to build. Luckily for him, his understanding parents encouraged that creativity, and his love for architecture continues unabated until a second grade teacher tries to redirect his efforts. But Iggy gets his revenge when his skills are needed during the class picnic. Readers will love the story of a creative spirit, accompanied by equally creative illustrations with lines and colors that pay tribute to the world of building.
Gate, Annette LeBlanc. (2007). The magic rabbit. Cambridge, MA: Candlewick. 32
pages, $15.99, ISBN 978-0-7636-2672-3.
Street magician Ray loves his rabbit, Bunny, as they work and play together every day. One day, however, they are separated, and Bunny has to find his way back to Ray in a crowded, confusing city. The pen, ink, and watercolor illustrations lend a nostalgic, mysterious air to this engaging tale and the glittering yellow stars sprinkled across the pages will attract young readers just as quickly as they attract Bunny.
Daly, Nikki. (2007). Pretty Salma.
New York: Clarion Books. $16.00, 32 pages, ISBN 0618723455.
When her grandmother sends Salma to the market, she warns her about talking to strangers. But the wily Mr. Dog tricks her into chatting with him and giving up all of her possessions on the way home. The watercolor illustrations pulse vibrantly, and the artist has depicted the story's West African setting with careful detail and lovely colors. Daly's cautionary tale is blended with humor and attractive characters. Deedy, Carmen Agra. (2007). Martina the beautiful cockroach: A Cuban folktale.
Illustrated by Michael Austin. Atlanta: Peachtree Press. 32 pages, $16.95, ISBN
1-56145-399-3.
Elegant pastels depict the life and loves of Martina, a green cockroach who lives in a streetlamp in Cuba. When the time comes for Martina to choose a husband from among her suitors, her grandmother suggests that she use the coffee test to determine their temperaments. By spilling coffee on each suitor, she will be able to observe each one's reactions to something unpleasant. Martina's expressively drawn eyes and engaging demeanor will captivate readers young and old.
Fleming, Denise. (2007). Beetle bop.
Orlando: Harcourt. 32 pages, $16.00 ISBN: 978-0-15-205936-1.
In expressive text, Fleming introduces young readers to the characteristics and
activities of beetles. "Chewing beetles, sawing beetles, noisily gnawing beetles." The rhythmic, simple text literally dances with Fleming's trademark illustrations, which are created by pouring colored cotton fiber into hand-cut stencils. Children will beg to hear this book read again and again.
Kleven, Elisa. (2007). The apple doll.
New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux. 40 pages, $16.00, ISBN: 0-374-30380-0.
Lizzy loves nothing more than playing in the apple tree in her yard. All year long, the tree provides her with lots of fun and adventure. Lizzy's world changes when it is time for her to begin school. Her mother teaches her how to make an apple doll. It is this doll that helps Lizzy overcome her shyness and make new friends at school. Kleven's watercolor illustrations are highlighted with bits of decorated paper collage to create comfy and inviting images.
Worth, Valerie. (2007). Animal poems. Illustrated by Steve Jenkins.
New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux. 48 pages, $17.00, 0-374-38057-0.
Is it the poems or the amazing cut-paper illustrations or their perfectly imagined partnership that makes this volume so appealing? Worth and Jenkins focus on twenty-three different animals in this memorable tribute to the fascinating creatures who share this world with us.
Yaccarino, Dan. (2007). Every Friday.
New York: Henry Holt and Company. 32 pages, $16.95, ISBN: 0-80507-724-3.
In a tribute to the Friday breakfasts the author/illustrator shares with his son Michael, he offers readers a rich slice of their life and what has become a family ritual.
A father and his son take the time to stroll to their favorite restaurant for breakfast, savoring the sights, smells, and surroundings of their neighborhood along the way. The artist used gouache on watercolor paper to convey a sentimental feel to the book's illustrations and to remind readers that there's something special about quality time spent between parent and child.
Grades 3-5
Bishop, Nic. (2007). Nic Bishop spiders.
New York: Scholastic. 48 pages, $17.99, ISBN 0439877563.
(本文献归百度文库所有，完整文献请见百度文库)
平面设计中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 中英文翻译 平面设计 任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。 共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。 平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面
设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。 在唐朝（ 618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。 在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。 于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。 从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利，并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是，然而，重要的，因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作，以及与其他私营新闻运动，直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。 谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt，但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。 伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。 在20世纪20年代，苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的，从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。 Jan Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则，他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张，但它仍然是非常有影响力。 Tschichold ，包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉，和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。 他们首创的生产技术和文体设备，主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后，美国经济的建立更需要平面设计，主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”建筑和设计。值得注意的名称世纪中叶现代设计包括阿德里安Frutiger ，设计师和Frutiger字体大学;保兰德，从20世纪30年代后期，直到他去世于1996年，采取的原则和适用包豪斯他们受欢迎的广告和标志设计，帮助创造一个独特的办法，美国的欧洲简约而成为一个主要的先驱。平面设计称为企业形象;约瑟夫米勒，罗克曼，设计的海报严重尚未获取1950年代和1960年代时代典型。 从道路标志到技术图表，从备忘录到参考手册，增强了平面设计的知识转让。可读性增强了文字的视觉效果。 设计还可以通过理念或有效的视觉传播帮助销售产品。将它应用到产品和公司识别系统的要素像标志、颜色和文字。连同这些被定义为品牌。品牌已日益成为重要的提供的服务范围，许多平面设计师，企业形象和条件往往是同时交替使用。
中英文论文参考文献标准格式 超详细
超详细中英文论文参考文献标准格式 1、参考文献和注释。按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后，参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。 （参考文献是期刊时，书写格式为： [编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名（外文可缩写）、年份、卷号、期数、页码。参考文献是图书时，书写格式为： [编号]、作者、书名、出版单位、年份、版次、页码。） 2、附录。包括放在正文内过份冗长的公式推导，以备他人阅读方便所需的辅助性数学工具、重复性数据图表、论文使用的符号意义、单位缩写、程序全文及有关说明等。 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： [M]--专著,著作 [C]--论文集(一般指会议发表的论文续集，及一些专题论文集，如《***大学研究生学术论文集》[N]-- 报纸文章 [J]--期刊文章：发表在期刊上的论文，尽管有时我们看到的是从网上下载的（如知网），但它也是发表在期刊上的，你看到的电子期刊仅是其电子版 [D]--学位论文：不区分硕士还是博士论文 [R]--报告：一般在标题中会有"关于****的报告"字样 [S]-- 标准 [P]--专利 [A]--文章：很少用，主要是不属于以上类型的文章 [Z]--对于不属于上述的文献类型，可用字母"Z"标识，但这种情况非常少见 常用的电子文献及载体类型标识： [DB/OL] --联机网上数据(database online) [DB/MT] --磁带数据库(database on magnetic tape) [M/CD] --光盘图书(monograph on CDROM) [CP/DK] --磁盘软件(computer program on disk) [J/OL] --网上期刊(serial online) [EB/OL] --网上电子公告(electronic bulletin board online) 很显然，标识的就是该资源的英文缩写，/前面表示类型，/后面表示资源的载体，如OL表示在线资源 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1．期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 周融，任志国，杨尚雷，厉星星.对新形势下毕业设计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报，2003(6):107-109. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计(论文)教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育,2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 67. 2．专著类
旅游服务贸易外文翻译文献
旅游服务贸易外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
旅游服务贸易的国际竞争力：罗马尼亚的案例 引言 旅游业是唯一的可以为任何发展水平的国家提供贸易机会的服务活动。然而，它也是一个很大程度因为国家的能力和在全球经济中的表现而又有明确的利益分配不均行业，而这又需要提高自己的竞争力。 自20世纪90年代初，罗马尼亚旅游业经历了出口量，生长速率和结构的重大变化。这些不同的波动都影响了罗马尼亚在国际旅游市场上相对的竞争地位并引起了其旅游贸易平衡的变化。同时，新的和更多的错杂的欧式建筑，引起了罗马尼亚的区域旅游竞争力的显著变化。 在此背景下，本文试图提出一个框架，以竞争力和旅游贸易表现之间的关系为重点，来评估罗马尼亚的旅游服务贸易的国际竞争力。 一、国际竞争力视角：国际竞争力之与国际旅游业的相关性 国际竞争力的概念，尽管有争议，难以捉摸，但现在已经得到认可，并继续吸引世界各地的学者和决策者的关注。 到目前为止，为提高国际竞争力已采取措施，都被认为是在经济层面进行的(加瑞利，2003)通常是指一个国家生产的商品和服务，以满足国际市场的考验，并同时保持和增加公民的收入的能力(欧洲委员会，2007)。 由于竞争力最终取决于一国企业在国内和国际的市场成功，所以对竞争力的注意力都集中在企业层面的竞争力上(波特，1990)，对于此的普遍理解是指“……该公司保持，并更好的是，扩大其全球市场份额，增加和扩大利润的能力” (克拉克和盖，1998, 经济合作与发展组织，1993)。 因此，虽然广泛流传但是国际竞争力作为与国家经济和其国际贸易相关
的理论基础已经不太在学术文献进行分析。因此，一个国家国际竞争力的性质，效益和局限性仍然含糊不清(科尔德威尔，2000,克鲁格曼，1994, 1996)。 国际竞争力，是指一个国家在货物和服务贸易方面巩固和保持贸易优势相对于世界其他地区的贸易优势。 每当一个国家的经济福利通过贸易流量的增加，或通过从初始平衡状态的贸易条件的改变而增加，他的国际竞争力都会得到提高(科尔德威尔，2000)。 贸易理论表示，经济福利依赖于一个国家有比较优势的货物和服务的生产。这实际上意味着当生产符合一国的比较优势的情况时国际竞争力能得到保障。如果一国能在国际上表现良好并在出口市场竞争成功，这可能就是他们健全的国际竞争力的标志。 因此，在国际上，竞争力定义为一个经济体能够吸引其出口需求和投资供给需求的能力和在所有社会规范内提升公民生活水平的能力。这反过来又取决于宏观和微观经济政策，影响生产的经济生产率要素和经营成本的法规和制度。 一个可用的文献回顾和实证证据支持国际竞争力可以解释为在一定程度上，一个国家的出口能力这一观点(道乐和沃尔夫，1993, 格博格等. 2004)。还有就是，事实上，是出口表现和国际竞争力之间的循环关系。出口是国际竞争力的第一衡量指标。出口情况的改善会导致了一个国家的竞争力提升。这种效果是一个企业的技能，知识，创新和运用新技术并能够在一个成功的商业方式中利用技术机会等的结果。 另一方面，为了在竞争激烈的全球市场努力成功实现出口，一个国家被迫提高竞争力。更具竞争力的国家，它的经济更强大。因此，它更有能力在全球市场竞争，以吸引具有较高的知识，技能，水平人们去购买新技术等，
建筑设计参考文献综述
文献综述 建筑设计参考文献综述： [1]《房屋建筑学》，邢双军主编 建筑学作为一门内容广泛的综合性学科，它沙及到建筑功能、工程技术、建筑经济、建筑艺术以及环境规划等许多方面的问题。般说来，建筑物既是物质产品，又具有一定的艺术形象，它必然随着社会生产生活方式的发展变化而发展变化，并且总是受科学技术、政治经济和文化传统的深刻影响*建筑物—一作为人们亲手创造的人为环境的重要组成部分，需要耗用大量的人力和物力。它除了具行满足物质功能的使用要求外，其空间组合和建筑形象又常会赋予人们以精神上的感受。 [2]《建筑设计防火规范》（GB50016-2006） 1.0.1 为了防止和减少建筑火灾危害，保护人身和财产安全，制定本规范。 1.0.2 本规范适用于下列新建、扩建和改建的建筑： 1 9层及9层以下的居住建筑（包括设置商业服务网点的居住建筑）； 2 建筑高度小于等于24.0m 的公共建筑； 3 建筑高度大于24.0m 的单层公共建筑； 4 地下、半地下建筑（包括建筑附属的地下室、半地下室）； 5 厂房； 6 仓库； 7 甲、乙、丙类液体储罐（区）； 8 可燃、助燃气体储罐（区）； 9 可燃材料堆场； 10 城市交通隧道。 注：1 建筑高度的计算：当为坡屋面时，应为建筑物室外设计地面到其檐口的高度；当为平屋面（包括有女儿墙 的平屋面）时，应为建筑物室外设计地面到其屋面面层的高度；当同一座建筑物有多种屋面形式时，建筑 高度应按上述方法分别计算后取其中最大值。局部突出屋顶的瞭望塔、冷却塔、水箱间、微波天线间或设 施、电梯机房、排风和排烟机房以及楼梯出口小间等，可不计入建筑高度内。 2 建筑层数的计算：建筑的地下室、半地下室的顶板面高出室外设计地面的高度小于等 于 1.5m 者，建筑底部设置的高度不超过2.2m 的自行车库、储藏室、敞开空间，以及建筑屋顶上突出的局部设备用房、出屋面 的楼梯间等，可不计入建筑层数内。住宅顶部为两层一套的跃层，可按1 层计，其它部位的跃层以及顶部 多于2 层一套的跃层，应计入层数。 1.0.3 本规范不适用于炸药厂房（仓库）、花炮厂房（仓库）的建筑防火设计。 人民防空工程、石油和天然气工程、石油化工企业、火力发电厂与变电站等的建筑防火设计，当有专门的国家现行标准时，宜从其规定。 1.0.4 建筑防火设计应遵循国家的有关方针政策，从全局出发，统筹兼顾，做到安全适用、技术先进、经济合理。 1.0.5 建筑防火设计除应符合本规范的规定外，尚应符合国家现行有关标准的规定。
环境设计城市与景观毕业设计外文翻译中英文
I. City and The Landscape (1) Overview of Landscape Design Landscape design, first, is a people's thinking activity, performed as an art activity.Diversified thoughts formed complex diverse landscape art style. Contemporary landscape design apparently see is the diversity of the landscape forms,in fact its essence is to keep the closing up to the natural order system, reflected the more respect for human beings, more in-depth perspective of the nature of human's reality and need, not to try to conquer the nature.it is not even imitating natural, but produce a sense of belonging. Landscape is not only a phenomenon but the human visual scene. So the earliest landscape implications is actually city scene. Landscape design and creation is actually to build the city. (2) The Relationship Between Landscape and Urban City is a product of human social, economic and cultural development, and the most complex type. It is vulnerable to the artificial and natural environmental conditions of interference. In recent decades, with worldwide the acceleration of urbanization, the urban population intensive, heavy traffic, resource shortage,
毕业论文英文参考文献与译文
Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of
服务贸易自由化机制外文文献翻译2014年译文4000字
文献出处：Barattieri A. The mechanism of service trade liberalization[J]. Journal of International Economics, 2014, 92(1): 1-13. （声明：本译文归百度文库所有，完整译文请到百度文库。） 原文 The mechanism of service trade liberalization Barattieri A Abstract In this paper, Service trade liberalization is the key areas of the United States to promote the TPP negotiations, the United States in the negotiations are pushing mechanism of a high standard of service trade liberalization. In this paper the progress of the TPP negotiations and services trade issues important position, on the basis of the acceptance, architecture design, focus on services, regulatory consistency four aspects in the TPP uncovers the "high standards" service trade liberalization mechanism establishment. American "high standards" service trade liberalization mechanism is tailored to the interests of the United States, actually services in the service of the United States. These mechanisms are through to strengthen and promote the TPP platform, forming reversed transmission to other countries. Key words: the TPP; The United States; Service trade liberalization; High standards; Mechanism design America is the first largest exporter global trade in services, and for many years, continues to service trade surplus. Competitive advantage based on service industry and service industry The importance of promoting American exports, jobs and economic growth, the United States in the multilateral, bilateral and regional multiple layers jointly promoting service trade liberalization. In the Uruguay round negotiations, the United States has overcome many obstacles, for the first time to include the Service Trade in multilateral negotiations, contributed to the general Agreement on Trade in services (the Genre - al Agreement on Trade and Service,
插画的毕业设计说明
插画创作 摘要 在现代设计领域中，插画设计可以说是最具有表现意味的，它与绘画艺术有着亲近的血缘关系。插画艺术的许多表现技法都是借鉴了绘画艺术的表现技法。插画艺术与绘画艺术的联姻使得前者无论是在表现技法多样性的探求，或是在设计主题表现的深度和广度方面，都有着长足的进展，展示出更加独特的艺术魅力，从而更具表现力。从某种意义上讲，绘画艺术成了基础学科，插画成了应用学科。纵观插画发展的历史，其应用范围在不断扩大。特别是在信息高速发达的今天，人们的日常生活中充满了各式各样地商业信息，插画设计已成为现实社会不可替代的艺术形式。 本次的插画设计理念是以唯美、卡通为主的，其唯美插画就是对现实事物最逼真的刻画，而表达出唯美的画面意境，重在写实。青春就是活力，以明快有动感的色彩或者柔美色彩的画面是插画的表现形式，但是并不局限于写实。 插画具有自由表现的个性，无论是幻想的、夸张的、幽默的，情绪化的还是象征化的情绪，都能自由表现处理。插画艺术的发展，有着悠久的历史。对你我看似平凡简单的插画，却是有很大的内涵。插画最先是在十九世纪初随着报刊、图书的变迁发展起来的。而它真正的黄金时代则是本世纪五六十年代首先从美国开始的，当时刚从美术作品中分离出来的插图明显带有绘画色彩，而从事插图的作者也多半是职业画家，以后又受到抽象表现主义画派的影响，从具象转变为抽象。直到70年代，插画又重新回到了写实风格。 关键词插画设计/插画/色彩/表现形式 1
Ilustrations Creation ABSTRACT In the area of modern design, illustration design can be said to be the most performance, it has close ties with painting. Many techniques of illustration art is drawing on the technique of painting. Illustration, art and painting art of marriage makes the former both in the diversity of expression skill of exploring, or in terms of depth and breadth of design themes, has made considerable progress, displayed a more unique artistic charm, more expressive. In a sense, became the basic disciplines of painting, illustration became a subject.Look at illustration, history of development, expanding the scope of its application. Today, especially in the information developed, people's daily life is full of all kinds of commercial information, illustration, designs have become irreplaceable art forms of society. This design philosophy is a beautiful illustration, cartoon, its beautiful illustrations are the most lifelike depiction of real things, and picture mood of aesthetic expression, emphasis on realism. Is the energy of youth, with bright colors or soft color picture is illustration of the dynamic performance of forms, but is not limited to realistic. Plug the personality of the painter ' s paraphernalia are free, whether it is a fantasy, exaggeration, humor, emotional or symbolic of the emotions, is free. Illustrations of art development, and has a long history. I'm seemingly ordinary simple illustration to you, but there is a lot of content. the first was in the early 19th century with the development of newspaper, book of changes. First of all, it is the real golden age of 560 of the century from the United States began, when separated from the fine art illustrations with an obvious paint color, and author of illustrations are mostly professional painter, and later under the influence of abstract expressionist painting, change from concrete to abstract. Until the 70 's, illustration, once again back to the realistic style. Key words Illustration design/ beautiful illustrations/colors/forms 2
建筑结构设计中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Create and comprehensive technology in the structure global design of the building The 21st century will be the era that many kinds of disciplines technology coexists , it will form the enormous motive force of promoting the development of building , the building is more and more important too in global design, the architect must seize the opportunity , give full play to the architect's leading role, preside over every building engineering design well. Building there is the global design concept not new of architectural design,characteristic of it for in an all-round way each element not correlated with building- there aren't external environment condition, building , technical equipment,etc. work in coordination with, and create the premium building with the comprehensive new technology to combine together. The premium building is created, must consider sustainable development , namely future requirement , in other words, how save natural resources as much as possible, how about protect the environment that the mankind depends on for existence, how construct through high-quality between architectural design and building, in order to reduce building equipment use quantity and
建筑景观语言(英文翻译)
Cover封面 Content目录 Design Explanation设计说明 Master Plan总平面 Space Sequence Analysis景观空间分析 Function Analysis功能分析 Landscape Theme Analysis景观景点主题分析图 Traffic Analysis交通分析 Vertical Plan竖向平面布置图 Lighting Furniture Layout灯光平面布置示意图 Marker/Background Music/Garbage Bin标识牌/背景音乐/垃圾桶布置图Plan平面图 Hand Drawing手绘效果图 Section剖面图 Detail详图 Central Axis中心公共主轴 Reference Picture参考图片 Planting Reference Picture植物选样 材料类： aluminum铝 asphalt沥青 alpine rock轻质岗石 boasted ashlars粗凿 ceramic陶瓷、陶瓷制品 cobble小圆石、小鹅卵石 clay粘土 crushed gravel碎砾石 crushed stone concrete碎石混凝土 crushed stone碎石 cement石灰 enamel陶瓷、瓷釉 frosted glass磨砂玻璃 grit stone/sand stone砂岩 glazed colored glass/colored glazed glass彩釉玻璃 granite花岗石、花岗岩 gravel卵石 galleting碎石片 ground pavement material墙面地砖材料 light-gauge steel section/hollow steel section薄壁型钢 light slates轻质板岩 lime earth灰土 masonry砝石结构
英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式
英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式 英语专业毕业论文引用和参考文献格式采用APA格式及规。 一、文中夹注格式 英语学位论文引用别人的观点、方法、言论必须注明出处，注明出处时使用括号夹注的方法（一般不使用脚注或者尾注），且一般应在正文后面的参考文献中列出。关于夹注，采用APA格式。 （一）引用整篇文献的观点 引用整篇文献（即全书或全文）观点时有两种情况： 1.作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现，如： Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990). 2. 作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现，如： Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990). 3. 如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已在正文同一句中出现，按APA的规不需使用括号夹注，如： In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing. 4. 在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊，括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音标明作者的姓氏，不得使用汉字，如：(Zhang, 2005) （二）引用文献中具体观点或文字 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页码出版年份，没有页码是文献引用不规的表现。 1.引用一位作者的文献 （1）引用容在一页，如： Emily Bronte “expressed increasing hostility for the world of human relationships, whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988：11). （2）引用容在多页上，如： Newmark (1988：39-40) notes three characteristically expressive text-types: (a) serious imaginative literature (e.g. lyrical poetry); (b) authoritative statements (political speeches and documents, statutes and legal documents, philosophical and academic works by acknowledged authorities); (c) autobiography, essays, personal correspondence (when these are personal effusions).
中英金融服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究【文献综述】
毕业论文文献综述 国际经济与贸易 中英金融服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究 金融服务贸易国际竞争力相关理论综述 服务贸易是以服务作为交易标的的一种贸易行为。《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)所界定的国际服务贸易是指以过境交付、境外消费、商业存在和自然人流动这四种形式进行的各国间的服务交易。该定义已成为有一定权威性和指导性的定义为各国接受。 根据《服务贸易总协定》中的服务部门清单，可以将服务贸易分为12类：商业性服务，销售服务，金融服务，娱乐服务，通讯服务，教育服务，卫生服务，运输服务，建筑服务，环境服务，旅游服务和其他服务。而对于金融服务贸易，国内外并没有确切的定义。本文将对金融服务贸易国外及国内有代表性的研究进行综述。 一、GATS与OECD对金融服务贸易的定义 根据GATS的定义，金融服务贸易是指由一成员国的金融服务提供者所提供的任何金融性质的服务。它包括两个部分：所有保险和保险相关的服务、银行和其他金融服务（保险除外），其中其他金融服务指证券和金融信息服务。 经济合作和发展组织（OECD）对金融服务贸易的定义为由金融机构提供服务的收入，或者接受付出的支持，包括得到的和付出的直接投资收益（未分配收益和利息）；从其他金融投资得到的和付出的收益（得到的和付出的利息和红利）；得到的、付出的手续费和佣金。 可见，经济合作和发展组织对金融服务贸易的界定强调了金融服务贸易交易的提供方，而忽略了金融服务贸易的消费方。金融服务贸易的发展主要是以此换取其他贸易领域的发展，而且金融服务贸易可以促进本国金融业与国际金融业的接轨，从而在国际竞争中促进本国金融业的发展。 二、国外对金融服务贸易相关研究 对于金融服务贸易研究，国外学者从不同角度出发，有不同的看法。 列为恩（1996）认为，各种金融服务可以实现五种基本功能：方便商品和劳务的交易；易于风险管理；加速资源流动；获取信息，评估企业和配置资本；提供公司法人治理。同时，更多的相关文献表示，金融中介可以降低由于信息不对称产生的管理成本（戴蒙德1984；威廉森1987）也可以对规模经济产生积极的效应。 莫施里安（Moshirian 1994）认为，金融服务贸易和制造业类似，一些基本要素赋予了
平面设计论文参考文献
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