商务英语专业四级的考试术语解释.doc

商务英语专业四级考试术语解释

1. global company : 跨国公司

--a company that integrates its international biz activities

--A multinational corporation or multinational enterprise is an organization, that owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country.（维基百科）

2. joint venture : 合资企业

--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities.

--a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together.（柯林斯词典）

3. merger &acquisition : 并购

--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other.

--transactions in which the ownership ofcompanies, otherbusiness organizationsor their operating units are transferred or combined.

4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道

--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer.

5. listed company : 上市公司

--a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.

--Apublic company,publicly traded company,publicly held company,publicly listed company, orpublic corporationis acorporationwhose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares ofstockwhich are freely traded on astock exchangeor inover the countermarkets场外交易市场. （维基百科）

6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地

--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products.

7. brand recognition :品牌认知（度）；品牌识别

--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers.

8. specialty shop : 专卖店

--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.

9. household name 家喻户晓的名字

-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.

10. loss-maker : 亏损企业

--a biz that continually makes no profit.

11. home country : 祖国，母国

--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.

12. quota : 配额，定额，限额

--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose.

13. market economy : 市场经济

--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments.

14. new economy : 新经济

--a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.

-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）

15. labor force : 劳动力

--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future.

16. bubble economy :

--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂的operation.

17.venture capital : 风险资本

--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss. --Venture capitalis capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）

18. biz cycle : 商业周期

--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.

19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场

--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.

-- the business of buying and sellingstocksandshares.

-- a place wherestocksandsharesare bought and sold. （朗文词典）

20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期

--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four

stages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期.

21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金

--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.

--the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）

22. liquidity 流动资产

--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.

-- In finance, a company'sliquidityis the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力

23. exchange rate 汇率

--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.

--the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。

24. multinational company 跨国公司

--a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.

25. money market 货币市场，金融市场

--the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs.

-- A country'smoney marketconsists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange.（柯林斯词典）

-- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially foreign money, for profit.（朗文词典）

26. collateral担保物，抵押品

--property or an item of value acceptable as security抵押品for a loan or other obligation.被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产

--property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you. （朗文词典）

27. Dow-Jones Industrial Average道琼斯工业平均指数

--an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies.

28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票

--a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its long record of steady earnings.

29. Nasdaq : 纳斯达克

--national association of securities dealers automated quotations.全国证券交易商自

动报价系统协会

--TheNasdaq Stock Market is an Americanstock exchange. It is thesecond-largest exchangein the world bymarket capitalization, behind only theNew York Stock Exchange纽约证券交易所located in the same city.（维基百科）

30. (insurance) policy保险单

--the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policy holder投保人by company

31. public relations公共关系，公关

--PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it.

32. depression : 萧条，不景气

--a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。

33. Trade deficit 贸易赤字

--imports minus exports of goods and services.

34. Speculation投机

--engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit 35. Value added tax 增值税

--an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental 增值的increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。

36. Fair trade公平贸易

--trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement

37. Subsidy 补贴

--a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a good or product.

--financial benefit direct or indirect from government to producers or exporters. 38. Rebate 减税，折扣

--a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in payment.

39. tax exemption免税

--the freedom for having to pay tax

40. FDI外国直接投资

--the funds committed to a foreign enterprise. An investor who buys 10 percent or more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise.

41. free trade 自由贸易

--trade between nations without protective customs tariff.

42. tariff 关税

--duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.

43. globalization 全球化

--the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that attracted special attention in the late 1990s.

44. anti-dumping duty反倾销税

--tariff levied on dumped imports.

45. trade barrier 贸易壁垒

--any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota, testing or certification.

46. import substitution 进口替代

--a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports with domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry.

47. arbitration 仲裁

--the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision（指定条款）

48. balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写B.S.

--a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。

49. return 收益

--a profit or yield, as from labor or investment.

50. cash flow现金流

--The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of

corporate worth.

现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值

51. labor-intensive 劳动密集型

--requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital

52. net earnings 净收益，净盈利

--the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted.

53. productivity 生产力

--the rate at which goods or services are produced, especially output per unit of labor.

54. market share 市场份额

--the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures.

55. workforce 劳动力, 工人总数: the group of people who work in an industry, company, country.

56. income disparity : inequality in income distribution.

57. equity资产，股本: common stock普通股and preferred stock优先股which represent ownership to a biz organization

58. outsource外协生产: to farm out包出(work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost. 外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者

59. lead time订货至交货的时间

--the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them.

60. acquisition收购

--when a company takes over another one and clearly becomes the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout.

61. initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行

--private company’s first offer of its stock to the public

62. merger 合并

--the union or combination of two or more commercial interests or corporations.

63. liquidity squeeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张

--financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins.

-- a reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. （维基百科）

64. reverse merger(借壳上市)

--it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。

65. horizontal merger横向合并

--two companies that are in direct competition in the same products line and markets merger.

vertical merger 纵向合并

--merging with a company with different stage of production process, for instance, a car maker merging with a parts supplier.

66. real estate 不动产，房地产

--Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑

67. hedge fund 对冲基金公司

--an investment company that uses high-risk techniques, such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital gains.

68. GNP : the total market value of aggregate goods and services produced by a nation during a specified period, especially a year.

69. return on investment (ROI) 投资回报率

--a profit or yield from investment.

70. bull market 牛市

--a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to go up.

Bear market 熊市

-- a general decline in the stock market over a period of time. （维基百科）资料

一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水

大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。科学研究证实,虽然大脑的重量只占人体重量的2%-3%,但大脑消耗的能量却占食物所产生的总能量的20%,它的能量来源靠葡萄糖氧化过程产生。

据医学文献记载,一个健康的青少年学生30分钟用脑,血糖浓度在120毫克/100毫升,大脑反应快,记忆力强；90分钟用脑，血糖浓度降至80毫克/100毫升，大脑功能尚正常；连续120分钟用脑，血糖浓度降至60毫克/100毫升，大脑反应迟钝，思维能力较差。

我们中考、高考每一科考试时间都在2小时或2小时以上且用脑强度大，这样可引起低血糖并造成大脑疲劳，从而影响大脑的正常发挥，对考试成绩产生重大影响。因此建议考生，在用脑60分钟时，开始补饮25%浓度的葡萄糖水100毫升左右，为一个高效果的考试加油。

二、考场记忆“短路”怎么办呢？

对于考生来说，掌握有效的应试技巧比再做题突击更为有效。

1.草稿纸也要逐题顺序写草稿要整洁，草稿纸使用要便于检查。不要

在一大张纸上乱写乱画，东写一些，西写一些。打草稿也要像解题一样，一题一题顺着序号往下写。最好在草稿纸题号前注上符号，以确定检查侧重点。为了便于做完试卷后的复查，草稿纸一般可以折成4-8块的小方格，标注题号以便核查，保留清晰的分析和计算过程。

2.答题要按先易后难顺序不要考虑考试难度与结果，可以先用5分钟熟悉试卷，合理安排考试进度，先易后难，先熟后生，排除干扰。考试中很可能遇到一些没有见过或复习过的难题，不要蒙了。一般中考试卷的题型难度分布基本上是从易到难排列的，或者交替排列。

3.遇到容易试题不能浮躁遇到容易题，审题要细致。圈点关键字词，边审题边画草图，明确解题思路。有些考生一旦遇到容易的题目，便觉得心应手、兴奋异常，往往情绪激动，甚至得意忘形。要避免急于求成、粗枝大叶，防止受熟题答案与解题过程的定式思维影响，避免漏题，错题，丢掉不该丢的分。

4. 答题不要犹豫不决选择题做出选择时要慎重，要关注题干中的否定用词，对比筛选四个选项的差异和联系，特别注意保留计算型选择题的解答过程。当试题出现几种疑惑不决的答案时，考生一定要有主见，有自信心，即使不能确定答案，也不能长时间犹豫，浪费时间，最终也应把认为正确程度最高的答案写到试卷上，不要在答案处留白或开天窗。

5.试卷检查要细心有序应答要准确。一般答题时，语言表达要尽量简明扼要，填涂答题纸绝不能错位。答完试题，如果时间允许，一般都要进行试卷答题的复查。复查要谨慎，可以利用逆向思维，反向推理论证，联系生活实际，评估结果的合理性，选择特殊取值，多次归纳总结。

另外，对不同题型可采用不同的检查方法。选择题可采用例证法，举出一两例来能分别证明其他选项不对便可安心。对填空题，则一要检查审题;二要检查思路是否完整;三要检查数据代入是否正确;四要检查计算过程;五要看答案是否合题意;六要检查步骤是否齐全，符号是否规范。还要复查一些客观题的答案有无遗漏，答案错位填涂，并复核你心存疑虑的项目。若没有充分的理由，一般不要改变你依据第一感觉做出的选择。

6、万一记忆短路可慢呼吸考试中，有些考生因为怯场，导致无法集中精神，甚至大脑忽然一片空白，发生记忆堵塞。此时不要紧张，不妨尝试如下方式：

首先是稳定心态，保持镇静，并注意调节自己的呼吸率。先慢吸气，当对自己说放松时缓慢呼气，再考虑你正在努力回忆的问题，如果你仍不能回想起来，就暂时搁下这道题，开始选做其他会的试题，过段时间再回过头来做这道题。

第二，积极联想。你不妨回忆老师在讲课时的情景或自己的复习笔记，并努力回忆与发生记忆堵塞问题有关的论据和概念，把回忆起的内容迅速记下来，然后，看能否从中挑出一些有用的材料或线索。

第三，进行一分钟自我暗示。即根据自己的实际，选择能激励自己，使自己能心情平静和增强信心的话，在心中默念3至5遍。比如：我已平静下来，我能够考好、我有信心，一定能考出理想的成绩等等。

第四，分析内容，查找相关要点。借助试卷上其它试题，也许会给考生提供某些线索。因此不要轻易放弃，查看试题中的相关要点，看看是否能给考生提供线索或启发。