精品-简单句的五种基本结构主系表复合宾语

精品-简单句的五种基本结构主系表复合宾语
精品-简单句的五种基本结构主系表复合宾语

高中英语语法通霸2:简单句的五种基本结构主谓宾主系表双宾语复合宾语

正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础,也是学好其他语法知识的前提。

英语五种基本句型结构如下:

主语谓语

用符号表示为:

①SV(主+谓)

②SVO(主+谓+宾)

③SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)

④SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

⑤SVP(主+系+表)

主语(subject)谓语(predicate)

宾语(object)定语(attribute)

状语 (adverbial) 补语(complement)

表语(predicative)

考点1.基本句型一:SV(主+谓)

这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。如:

It is raining now. (SV)

We’ve worked for 5 hours. (SV)

The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV)

Time flies. (SV)

练习1.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( )

2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( )

3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )

4.I did well in English. ( )

5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.

( )

考点2.基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。

She likes English.

We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.

练习2.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.People all over the world speak English.

2.Jim cannot dress himself.

3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.

4.He did not know what to say.

5.He just wanted to stay at home.

6.He practices speaking English every day.

考点3.基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give“给”,pass “递”,bring“带”,show“展示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。

一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。

如:He gave me a cup of tea. (SVoO) She bought me some books. (SVoO)

若直接宾语为人称代词,通常不能放在后面。如:

不能说 Bring me it, please.而要说Bring it to me, please.

有时候为了强调间接宾语,把间接宾语放到后面,于是就构成了:

动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词(to或for)+ 间接宾语。

He gave a cup of tea to me.

She bought some books for me.

Show this house to Mr. Smith.

常跟双宾语的及物动词有:

间接宾语放后面时前面要加to的动词:allow, bring, deny, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。

间接宾语放后面时前面要加for的动词:buy, choose, fetch, get, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。

一般用to多些,用for的记住常用的三个就行:get, buy, make。

He got an English-Chinese Dictionary for me.

She bought a book for John.

My uncle made a kite for me.

练习3.分析下列句子成分,口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。

1.She ordered herself a new dress.

2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.

3.He brought you a dictionary.

4.He denies her nothing.

5.I showed him my pictures.

6.I gave my car a wash.

7.I told him that the bus was late.

8.He showed me how to run the machine.考点4.基本句型五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)有些动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,宾语后必须加上一个补充成分才能使意思完整。所加的成分就是宾语补足语。

宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。

看下面这句话:

He asked me to lend him some money.

他让我借给他一些钱。

“me”是宾语,“to lend him some money”是宾补,宾语和宾补合一起意思为“我借给他一些钱”。从意思上看,这像一句话,“我”是主语,“借给他一些钱”是谓语部分,但在英语原句中,它们却不是真正的主谓关系,而是逻辑上的“主谓关系”,即:从意思上看像主谓关系,而实际上不是。

本内容摘自《高中英语语法通霸》,打包下载

练习4.判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。(是的填T,不是的填F)

1.I want him to come at once. ( )

2.He lent me some money. ( )

3.He made the boy cry again. ( )

4.The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )

5.Don’t leave the door open at night. ( )

练习5.分析下列句子并划分成分,在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。

1. They appointed him manager. ()

2. They painted the door green. ()

3. He pushed the door open. ()

4. They found the house deserted. ()

5. What makes him think so ()

6. We saw him out. ()

7. He asked me to come back soon. ()

8. I saw them getting on the bus. ()

9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.

()

10. I’ll have my bike repaired. ()

11. We elected him monitor. ()

12. Don’t keep the lights burning. ()考点5.基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)

系动词主要是be;但还有一些实义动词候有时候也可作系动词,这类系动词有人称之为半系动词。

A.如何辨别系动词

有些动词既可作连系动词,又可以作实义动词。如何来辨别呢有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立且句意变化不大就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是实义动词。如:

①She looks beautiful. (looks变为is之后,她是美丽

的,句意没有大的变化,looks是系动词。)

②Look at the picture.(look不能换为be, 为实义动

词。)

③He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是“摸”

的意思,不能换为was, 是实义动词。)

④The silk feels soft.(这种丝绸摸起来很柔软,feels

换为is之后,句意变化不大,因此是系动词。)可以看出:半系动词后面大部分情况跟形容词作表语。

练习6.辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。

1.The door stays open at night.

2.He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious.

3.The book still lies open on the desk.

4.What he said proved true.

5.He can’t proved his theory(理论).

B.常见的系动词

i状态系动词

ii用来表示主语状态,只有be一词。如:iii H e is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

iv持续系动词

v用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。如:

vi He kept silent at the meeting. 他开会时保持沉默。vii T his matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。viii The food stays fresh in the fridge.

ix食物在冰箱里仍然很新鲜。

x The house stood empty for years.房子空了数年。xi He lies awake in bed.他躺在床上,醒着。

xii表“像”系动词

xiii用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。如:

xiv S omething seems wrong. 好像出差错了。

xv He appears young. 他看起来很年轻。

xvi感官系动词

xvii感官系动词主要有look“看起来”,feel“摸起来”, smell“闻起来”, sound“听起来”, taste“尝起来”。xviii This kind of cloth feels very soft.

xix这种布手感很软。

xx This flower smells very sweet.

xxi这朵花闻起来很香。

xxii变化系动词

xxiii这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。xxiv He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。xxv S he grew rich within a short time.

xxvi她没多长时间就富了。

xxvii He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。

xxviii Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易变坏。

xxix His face went red.他的脸变红了。

xxx W hat he had dreamt of came true.

xxxi他的梦想实现了。

xxxii Still waters run deep.静水流深。

xxxiii终止系动词

xxxiv表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达“证实”,“变成”之意。如:

xxxv The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。xxxvi His plan turned out a success.

xxxvii他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)xxxviii What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong. xxxix他预言的结果是错的。

练习7.用下划线画出下列句中的系动词。

1.His advice proved right.

2.The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.

3.The machine went wrong.

4.All these efforts seem in vain.

5.These words sound reasonable.

6.The room soon became crowded.

7.The days are getting longer and longer.

8.He fell ill yesterday.

9.Trees turn green in spring.

10.W hat you said sounds great.

C.系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语

He is a student. (SVP)

Your idea sounds great. (SVP)

D.在一个英语单句中,一般情况要有谓语动词

要注意:介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语,要和系动词一起作谓语。

改错:

① Our school very beautiful and we like it very much.

② Your book on the desk.

答案及解析:

Our school is very beautiful and we like it very much. (句中没有谓语动词)

Your book is on the desk.(句中没有谓语动词)

考点6.there be 句型

此句型是由“there + be + 主语 + 状语”构成,用以表达“存在有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,实义主语位于谓语动词 be 之后,there 仅为引导词(也有看作形式主语的),并无实际意义。

A.be 要与其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致,如果be后

实义主语是多个并列项时,要按就近一致原则,与第一项保持一致。

There is a bird in the tree.

(主语a bird是单数,所以用there is)

There are many apples on the tree.

(主语many apples是复数,所以用there are)

There is a pencil and two rulers on the desk.

(第一项是a pencil,单数,所以用there is)

There are two rulers and a pencil on the desk.

(第一项是two rulers,复数,所以用there are)B.可用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist,

arrive等词代替be动词。

此时还表示“存在有”,但表意要更具体一些。如:

There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.

在山脚下住着一位老人。

(不但“有”,而且“住”在那里。)

There exists no air on the moon.

月球上没有空气。(exist是“存在”的意思)

There lies a book on the desk.

课桌上平放着一本书。

(不但“有”,而且说明书是“平放”在那里。)

There stands a tree on the hill.

山上矗立着一棵树。

(不但说明“有”树,而且说明了“树”很挺拔。)

①______ a certain doubt among the students as to the

necessity of the work.

② A. It existed B. There existed

③ C. They had D. There had

④______ a beautiful palace ______ the foot of the

hill.

⑤ A. There stand; at B. There stands; under

⑥ C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at

答案:B, D C.there seem/ happen/ used to be及there live/ lie/

stand句型的否定句和疑问句的变法。

根据汉语提示完成句子:

①.下周将有两场会,不是吗?

②.There ______ going to be two meetings next week,

______ there

③.不会再有流血冲突,是吗?

④.There will be no blood, ______there

⑤.似乎出了问题,不是吗?

⑥.There seems to be something wrong, ______ there

⑦.似乎有误解,是吗?

⑧.T here appeared to be a misunderstanding, ______

there

⑨.碰巧那时附近有辆公交车。

⑩.T here ______ (happen) to be a bus nearby at that time.

?.过去这里有条小河,不是吗?

?.T here used to be a river here, ______ there

?.过去这个森林里生活着一只老虎,不是吗?

?.T here lived a tiger in the forest, ______ there

答案:①are; aren’t ②won’t ③doesn’t ④didn’t

⑤ happened ⑥didn’t/usedn’t⑦ didn’t

D.there be 与have 的区别

there be …“某地有某物,某时有某事”;have 表示“某人拥有某物”。

改错:

①There has a book on the desk.

②There will have a meeting this evening.

答案:①把has改为is; ②把have改为be。

提示:没有there have这种表示“有”的方法。

考点7.双重谓语(仅供了解)

典型例句:

①He left this morning very gay.

②She left a shy girl and returned a young mother.

分析:双重谓语的基本形式是:行为动词+表语,后面的名词或形容词说明主语从事该行为时所处的状态。用作

双重谓语的动词多为那些表示位置移动变化的行为动

词,如return,leave,go,come,arrive,start等。

句①意为:上午离开时,他很开心。

句②意为:她离开时还是一个害羞的女孩,回来时却是

一位年轻的母亲。

I.单句改错

1.【2007辽宁】Three plates were already on the table

when the man closest to me pointing to one plate and asked me the name of the fish on it.

2.【2005全国Ⅰ】For the most part, students working

to earn money for their own use.

3.【2014大纲卷】So real friendship should able to

stand all sorts of tests.

4.【2008天津】I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from

this experience.

5.【2013 四川】I’m sorry that I am abroad and can’t

send your flowers, so I’m writing to you.

6.【2008安徽】We thought the biscuits were

great. “Let’s got some more,” I said, “They’re cheap and they really taste well.”

(两处错误)

7.Others, however, against staying at home.

8.Exams should neither too difficult nor too easy.

9.There are many taxi drivers are women.(可改多处)

10.There has a big tree in front of our school.

11.They often lonely.

12.Eggs go badly easily in summer.

II.语法填空(每空至多填三词)

13.There ______ (exist) many problems with the

project.

14.There ______ (be) going to be three meetings

tomorrow.

15.The shop stays ______ (open) at night.

16.My mother bought a birthday cake ______ me.

17.There happened to ______ a bird flying above.

18.There ______ (lie) a swimming pool over there.

19.【2014湖北】The Public Square is an eye-catching

sight of the city. There______(stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.

III.写作技能提升A.不要忘了使用系动词。

20.那食物很可口,我吃了很多。(the food, delicious)

21.那个电影好极了。(the movie, fantastic)

22.不过呢,一些人反对这个计划。(however, against,

the plan)

23.他们的意见如下。(their opinion, as follows)

24.就我而言,我赞成这个主意。(as far as I’m

concerned, in favor of)

B.活用双宾语句式,用两种方法翻译下列句子。

25.他给我提了一些建议。(offer, some advice)

26.我欠他很多钱。(owe)

27.在我生日那天,母亲给我买了一件很特别的礼物。(buy,

a special gift)

28.他给我做了一个纸飞机。(make, paper plane)

29.他给我们读了一个有趣的故事。(read, an

interesting story)

30.他的叔叔留给他很多钱。(leave, a lot of money)

31.他让我们看了一张世界地图。(show)

32.请把熊猫的照片寄给我一张。(send, a photo of the

panda)

C.正确利用两个“有”there be与have

33.我有许多好朋友。

34.今天晚上将有一场电影。

35.公园内有许多人。

36.树上有许多小鸟。

37.一条狗有四条腿和一条尾巴。

答案高中英语语法通霸2016简单句的五种基本结构

练习1.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV)

2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (SV)

3.He is smiling all over his face. (SV)

4.I did well in English. (SV)

5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. (SV)练习2.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。

1.People all over the world speak English. (SVO)

2.Jim cannot dress himself. (SVO)

3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. (SVO)

4.He did not know what to say. (SVO)

5.He just wanted to stay at home. (SVO)

6.He practices speaking English every day. (SVO)练习3.分析下列句子成分,口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。

1. She ordered herself a new dress. (SvoO)

2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. (SvoO)

3. He brought you a dictionary. (SvoO)

4. He denies her nothing. (SvoO)

5. I showed him my pictures. (SvoO)

6. I gave my car a wash. (SvoO)

7. I told him that the bus was late. (SvoO)

8. He showed me how to run the machine. (SvoO)

练习4.判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. T

练习5.分析下列句子并划分成分,在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。

1. They appointed him manager. (名词)

2. They painted the door green. (形容词)

3. He pushed the door open. (形容词)

4. They found the house deserted. (形容词)

5. What makes him think so(省略to的不定式)

6. We saw him out. (副词)

7. He asked me to come back soon. (动词不定式)

8. I saw them getting on the bus.(现在分词)

9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.(名词)

10. I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

11. We elected him monitor. (名词)

12. Do n’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)练习6.辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。

1.系动词

2. 实义动词;连系动词

3.连系动词

4. 连系动词

5.实义动词

练习7.用下划线画出下列句中的系动词。

1.His advice proved right.

2.The shop stays open till 8 o’clock.

3.The machine went wrong.

4.All these efforts seem in vain.

5.These words sound reasonable.

6.The room soon became crowded.

7.The days are getting longer and longer.

8.He fell ill yesterday.

9.Trees turn green in spring.

10.W hat you said sounds great.

1.pointing改为pointed; closest to me是形容词短

语作the man的后置定语,pointed在这里是谓语。

2.working改为work;work是谓语,后面是目的状语。

3.在able前加be;should后跟动词原形,而able是形

容词,需要和be连用。

4.sadly改为sad;feel是系动词,后跟形容词作表语。

5.you改为your;you“你”,your“你的”;send后跟双

宾语。

6.got改为get,这里是省略to的不定式作宾补;well

改为good,taste这里是系动词,后跟形容词作表语。

7.against前面加are;against是介词,不能作谓语。

8.在should后加be;形容词不能单独作谓语。

9.去掉There are, many改为大写;一个主谓结构不能

有两个谓语。

10.h as改为is;存在有用there be句型。

11.在often前加are;形容词不能单独作谓语。

12.b adly改为bad;go是系动词,后跟形容词作表语。

13.e xist;后面实义主语是复数。

14.a re;后面three meetings是复数。

15.o pen;stay是系动词“仍然处于”,后跟形容词作表语。

16.f or;buy sth. for sb.

17.b e;there happen to be,碰巧有。18.l ies;后面是单数。

19.s tand;主谓一致看后面名词。

20.T he food was delicious and I ate a lot.

21.T he movie is fantastic.

22.H owever, some people are against the plan.

23.T heir opinions are as follows.

24.A s far as I’m concerned, I am in favor of the plan.

25.H e offered me some advice. /He offered some advice

to me.

26.I owe him a lot of money. /I owe a lot of money

to him.

27.M y mother bought me a special gift on my birthday.

/My mother bought a special gift for me on my birthday.

28.H e made me a paper plane. /He made a paper plane

for me.

29.H e read us an interesting story. /He read an

interesting story to us.

30.H is uncle left him a lot of money. /His uncle left

a lot of money to him.

31.H e showed us a map of the world. /He showed a map

of the world to us.

32.P lease send me a photo of the panda. /Please send

a photo of the panda to me.

33.I have many friends.

34.T here is going to be a film tonight.

35.T here are a lot of people in the park.

36.T here are lots of birds in the tree.

37. A dog has four legs and a tail.

2.简单句的五种基本结构

简单句的五种基本结构 正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础,也是学好其他语法知识的前提。 英语五种基本句型结构如下: 主语谓语 用符号表示为: ①SV(主+谓) ②SVO(主+谓+宾) ③SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) ④SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) ⑤SVP(主+系+表) 主语(subject)谓语(predicate) 宾语(object)定语(attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 补语(complement) 表语(predicative) 考点1.基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。如: It is raining now. (SV) We’ve worked for 5 hours. (SV) The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV) Time flies. (SV) 考点2.基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)

此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。 She likes English. We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 练习1.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1.People all over the world speak English. 2.Jim cannot dress himself. 3.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 4.He did not know what to say. 5.He just wanted to stay at home. 6.He practices speaking English every day. 考点3.基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give“给”,pass“递”,bring“带”,show“展示”。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 如:He gave me a cup of tea. (SVoO) She bought me some books. (SVoO) 若直接宾语为人称代词,通常不能放在后面。如: 不能说 Bring me it, please.而要说Bring it to me, please. 有时候为了强调间接宾语,把间接宾语放到后面,于是就构成了: 动词 + 直接宾语 + 介词(to或for)+ 间接宾语。 He gave a cup of tea to me. She bought some books for me. Show this house to Mr. Smith. 常跟双宾语的及物动词有: c一般用to多些,用for的记住常用的三个就行:get, buy, make。 He got an English-Chinese Dictionary for me. She bought a book for John. My uncle made a kite for me. 练习2.分析下列句子成分,口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。 1.She ordered herself a new dress. 2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3.He brought you a dictionary.

英语简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: Country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) 2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 1)简单谓语: We study for the people. 2)复合谓语: I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The ruler must be in your box.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,We like English. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) It began to rain.(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句) 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:We make him our monito r(班长). 5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street His father named him David.(名词) They painted(涂漆) their boat white.(形容词) Let the fresh(新鲜的) air in.(副词) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) We saw her entering the room.(现在分词) We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) 6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine. Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing(发展中) country; America is a developed(发达) country.(分词)

简单句的五种基本句型教案

教学讲义

三、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) [例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。 3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。 7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点:谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) [例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。 3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。 4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。 5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。 [分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语,指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常

简单句的五种基本结构.docx

简单句的五种基本结构 简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句的谓语部分包括谓 语动词及宾语、宾语补足语、表语等不同句子成分,不同谓语动词的不同组合形成简单句的基本句型。 一、主语 +连系动词 +表语 1.这一句型中的连系动词除be 之外,主要有一下几类: (1)感官系动词: feel( 感到,摸起来 ), look( 看起来 ), taste (尝起来) , sound (听起来) , smell (闻起来) ①这衣服是丝绸织的,摸上去很柔软。②这花闻起来很香。 (2) 渐变类系动词:become( 变得,成为 ), come (成为,变为), fall(变得), get(变得), go (变为;成为), grow (变得) , turn(变得) ①我弟弟已经成为一个着名作家。 ②他的梦想变成了现实。 ③听到这个消息,那女孩的脸变红了。 (3)保持类系动词: keep(保持) , remain (依然) , stay (保持)①请 保持安静。 ②你能告诉我保持年轻的秘诀吗 ③冬天这座山依然是绿的。 ④ 他一直在这个学校当了二十年的老师。 2.表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、数词、介词等来充当。如: ①他是个化学家。 ②这些铅笔是我的。 ③他的讲话既长又令人厌烦。 ④孩子们出去了。 二、主语 +不及物动词 1.本句型的不及物动词是表意动词,在句中作谓语,说明主语的行动、状态或心理活动。有时态变化,人称和数要和主语保持一致。 常见的不及物动词有 agree, arrive, burn, come, dance, die, fall, fly, go, hurry, jump, leave (离开) , listen, live,look, move, play, rest,ring, rise, run, shout,sit, skate, smile, snow, speak, stand, stay, stop, swim, travel, talk, try, wait, walk, work, worry等 (1)月亮升起来了。 (2)我的表停了。 (3)老师还没有到。 可以在这一句型后加上时间、地点等状语,使句意更具体。例如: (4)他是昨天来的。 (5)昨天晚上雨下得很大。 (6)他走了。 (7)他们走了五英里。 (8)他说话不太多。 三、主语 +及物动词 +宾语 这个句型中的宾语常见的有以下四种形式: 1.名词、代词 我们都喜欢这个音乐会。 2.动词不定式 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有 agree , allow, beg, decide , expect, fail , force , hope , learn, permit, persuade, plan, prepare , promise, refuse , want, warn, wish , would like , should love等动词(短语)。

简单句的五种基本句型

基本句型: 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”,也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式,能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种:1.主—动—补(SVC)结构(主系表结构):在SVC结构中,谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb) be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句: That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构:在SV结构中,谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句: Iron rusts (生锈). You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.

3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中,谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb),随后必须跟宾语,带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句: I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool (利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4.主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构 在SVoO结构中,及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语(间接宾语和直接宾语),这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语(一般指人)O:直接宾语(一般指物) 例句: I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示,出示,指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条,便条). (Someone left this note to you.)

句子的基本结构

精心整理 句子的基本结构 一、句子的基本成分 句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。 1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当, Hewonthegame. Helikesplayingcomputer. 1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如: Ilike China.(名词) Hehates you.(代词)

4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词之后。

Heisastudent. Wearetired. 注意:除了be系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词, 1)表感官的动词:feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。 2)表转变变化的动词:become,get,grow,turn,go等。 3) 5 (2 6 (1 Iamverysorry. (2)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。Inordertocheerhimup,Itoldhimthetruth. TheyarewritingEnglishintheclassroom. (3)一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、

助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 Weoftenhelphim. Heisalwayslateforclass. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 Hemademesad.(形容词) 8、它可以 1 1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 例如:Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声传播速度快。(说明事实) Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。(说明看法) 2)疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种: a.一般疑问句:Canyoufinishtheworkintime? b.特殊疑问句:Wheredoyoulive?

简单句的五种基本结构

简单句的五种基本结构 众所周知,英语在进行交流时离不开句子,用句子表达时离不开一定的规则:有了一定的规则,我们才能学到规范的英语,才能讲出地道的英语;有了规范化的语句,才能产生新的句子;只有规则系统化、规范化,才有助于语言知识的吸收、掌握和信息的分析、理解。所以,学好初中所学过的简单句的五种基本结构,对于提高自己的听、说、读、写、译能力至关重要。 一、简单句常见的五种基本结构 1.主+谓 2.主+系+表 3.主+谓+宾 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾 5.主+谓+宾+宾补 二、对于各个基本结构,初中要求掌握的知识有: 1.主+谓例如:I went to school at 7:00. 主谓状这一结构中的动词为不及物动词,其后没有宾语。 2.主+系+表例如:The food smells delicious. 主系表 1)常见的连系动词: a.be; b.look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem等;(要用主动表被动) c.become,get,turn,grow,fall等; d.keep,stay等。 2)只能作表语的形容词:alone,asleep, afraid,alive,ill等。 3)look与seem的区别 a.look是“貌似”之意,指凭视觉作出判断; b.seem是“似乎”“好像”之意,表示根据一定线索对某事物作出判断; c.look like不能换为seem like; d.seem可接不定式,且可转换为It seems/seemed that.。。结构,而look不能。 3.主+谓+宾 例如:He hopes to fly to the moon. 主谓宾 1)只能用不定式作宾语的常见动词: want,hope,wish,would like,decide,agree,ask, can't wait等; 2)只能用动名词作宾语的常见动词: mind,enjoy,keep,finish,can't help等; 3)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且有区别的常见动词: a.remember to do.。。记住要做……(还未做) remember doing.。。记得做了……(已做过) b.forget to do.。。忘了做……(还未做) forget doing.。。忘了做过……(已做过) c.stop to do.。。停下来去做…… stop doing.。。停止做…… d.go on to do.。。接下来去做…… go on doing.。。继续做…… e.try to do.。。尽力做…… try doing.。。试着做……(看有无结果) f. mean to do 。。打算做…… mean doing。。意味着…… g. lean to do。。。学着做…… learn doing。。学会了做…… 4)既能用不定式又能用动名词作宾语,且无区别的常见动词:begin,start,like,love, hate等。 4.主+谓+间宾+直宾例如:He gave me a pen. 主谓间宾直宾 1)这种结构也可将间宾放到直宾之后,但间宾前需加介词to(对象)或for(目的); 例如:They lent the bike to the boy. 主谓直宾间宾 2)需在间宾前加to的常见动词有:give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,tell,teach等; 3)需在间宾前加for的常见动词有:make,buy,do,cook,sing,find等; 4)最好用主+谓+直宾+间宾结构的情况: a.当直接宾语是人称代词时:例如:I'll send it to you.

简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型 只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型结构: ★主语+谓语(S+V) 谓语是不及物动词,其后可加副词、介词短语等。例如: They sat together quietly. 他们静静地坐在一起。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。 ★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O) 谓语是及物动词,宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、V-ing形式等。例如: He doesn’t like the movie. 他不喜欢这部电影。 Do you know them, Li Ming? 李明,你认识他们吗? ★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P) 常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等,表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。例如: Your new watch looks very nice. 你的新手表看起来很漂亮。 That sounds a good idea. 听起来是个好主意。 ★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) 某些动词后的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语,如:give, lend, pass, show, send等;某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语,如:buy, choose, cook, make, sing等。例如:Can you pass me the book? = Can you pass the book to me? 你能把书递给我吗? She sang us an English song. = She sang an English song for us. 她为我们唱了一首英语歌。★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC) 这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice 等。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态,通常是形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等。例如: He found his new job very interesting. 他发现他的新工作很有趣。 Mr. Li asked us to write a report. 李老师让我们写一份报告。 即时操练 ( ) 2. Can you lend me your dictionary? ( ) 3. Mum is cooking in the kitchen. ( ) 4. Danny made all of us laugh.

英语句子的五种基本结构

英语句子的五种基本结构 The red sun rises in the east. This kind of paper tears easily. A tiger had got out.

该句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词(vi.=intransitive verb),所以不能接宾语或补语,也没有被动语态,但可以接修饰成分,修饰主语的的---定语,修饰谓语的---状语。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 练习一画出下列句子的成分。 1. In the last ten years great changes have taken place in my hometown. 2. The girls came, dancing and laughing. 3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up. 4. In front of the house grows a tall tress with thick leaves and branches. 5. It never occurred to me that he would come to help me. 练习二翻译句子。 1. 我的英语水平提高了很多。 2. 昨晚,那座桥上发生了一起交通事故。 3. 一些孩子正在操场上高兴的玩耍。 4. 会议将在什么时候举行 5. 有多少国家要参加奥运会 二、主谓宾结构 They laughed at the blind man. = The blind man was laughed at by them. They carried out the plan successfully. = The plan was carried out successfully by them. The nurse will take good care of your father. = Your father will be taken good care of by the nurse. 练习一画出下列句子的成分。 1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage. 2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer. 3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible. 4. I appreciate your coming to our party. 5. Now the government pays more attention to the problem of education. 练习二翻译句子。 1. 我喜欢做网页。 2. 他们还未被告知什么时候出发。 3. 我盼望收到你的来信。 4. 我疑惑他为什么要放弃那样的一个好机会。 5. 我没有看到他的工作情况,无法评论他的能力。 三、主谓宾宾结构 They offer us free textbooks. We were offered free textbooks. Free textbooks were offered to us. 练习一分析句子的成分,并用to/for 进行句型转换。 1. I passed him the salt. 2. She cooked us a delicious meal. 3. The new machine will save a lot of labour. 4. She sang a folk song. 5. Her wonderful performance won her a good reputation. 练习二用主谓宾宾结翻译句子。

简单句的五种基本类型

一、词性的分类 词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。 1 名词noun n. student 学生teacher 老师 2 代词pronoun pron. you 你I我 3 形容词adjective adj. happy 高兴的angry 生气的 4 副词adverb adv. quickly 迅速地slowly 慢速地 5 动词verb v. run 跑like 喜欢 6 数词numeral num. three 三 7 冠词article art. a 一个 8 介词preposition prep. At/in/on 在... 9 连词conjunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词interjection interj. oh 哦 简单句的五种基本句型 请先看下列句子: He has been a teacher for ten years. He teaches in our school. He teaches English. He teaches us English. He teaches us how to learn English better. 以上句子按句型分类, 就是英语中的“简单句的五种基本句型”。其结构为: 1.主语+ 连系动词+ 表语 2.主语+ 不及物动词 3.主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语 4.主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语 5.主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语 英语句子千变万化, 都是由这五种基本句型演变、扩展而来。谓语动词是一切句子的核心,它后面所要求的各种成分是由动词的性质所决定的。谓语动词根据其性质分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词三大类;及物动词又分为单宾及物动词、双宾及物动词和复宾及物动词三种。简单句的五中基本句型就是由这几种不同类型的动词构成。 一.主语+ 连系动词+ 表语 说明:该句型一般被称为系表结构。由于连系动词所表达的意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,需和表语一起作谓语。连系动词根据其表达的意义可分为以下三种: 1. 表示主语处于某种状态或具备某种性质。这类词常见的有:be (是); look (看起来); feel (摸起来, 觉得); seem (似乎, 好像); smell (闻上去); sound (听起来); taste (尝起来), 等。 2. 表示主语进入某种状态或变得某种性质。这类词常见的有:become (成为,变得); get (逐渐变得); grow (渐渐变得); turn (变成), 等。 3.表示主语保持某种状态或继续具备某种性质。这类词常见的有:keep (保持, 继续); remain (依然, 仍然); stay (停留, 保持下去), 等。例如: 1). It looks much better now. 2). The trees turn green.

简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本类型 简单句(Simple Sentences)就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子 ----它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊! 按结构分 一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成 The man is a teacher. 主语部分谓语部分 He works hard. 主语部分谓语部分 He teaches English well. 主语部分谓语部分 哲学上说: 运动是绝对的静止是相对的 造句的关键就在于动词 一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外) 连系动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) become / turn / get / grow 变得 主要动词 动词 行为动词不及物动词laugh / smile / look / listen 及物动词see / hear / drink / eat 助动词be (am / is /are / was / were) do / does / did have / has / had will / shall / be going to 辅助动词 情态动词can / may / must / shall / need could / should / would / might have (has) to / had better

表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语! He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good. He looks / seems ill. The apple tastes nice. Trees turn green. Your idea sounds good. 主语连系动词表语 狗咬人。 主语谓语宾语 人咬狗。 主语谓语宾语 什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?! 及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drink / eat / … I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now. 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / … She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match. 不及物动词 主谓结构(SV)=主语+谓语动词 The worker ran fast. The doctor listened carefully. The duck is swimming The girl dances well. 及物动词 主谓宾结构(SVO)=主语+谓语+宾语 He is playing the guitarnow. He played soccer yesterday 有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词,那就要看意思上的区别了 They fly the kites. 他们放风筝。 The kites fly in the sky . 风筝在天上飞。

简单句的五种基本类型

.英语中的五种基本句型 为什么又要分词类,又要分句子成分呢?词类和句子成分是不同的概念。同一个词类 可以在句中充当不同的成分,同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。 那么什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一 定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词 组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。 英语的基本成分有六种: 主语(subject、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial)。 注意:汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多,实际上有不少差别。例如: (1) Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 (2) I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中,同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略,必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都 表示出来。而在汉语中,同一个主语在句中第二次出现时,就可以省略。如例 (1)中,汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”,省去了第二个分句的主语,倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来,说成“小李回家后,他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握 这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一: S+Vi (主+谓) 基本句型二: S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型三: S+LinkV+P(主+谓+表) 基本句型四: S+Vt+InO +DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五: S+Vt+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一: S+Vi (主+谓) 此句型有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不 及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 SVi (不及物动词) 1. The sun was shining. . 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. . 月亮升起了。 3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who cares? . 管它呢? 5. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 基本句型二 S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾)

简单句的5种结构及9种句子成分

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