医学专业英语词根

医学专业英语词根

suff

ix

Meaning Example

-ac pertaining to 属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的

-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine

-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary pertaining to belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to s

ugar 淀粉酶

-cle smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e an instrument 仪器 auriscope: an instrument for examining the ea

r (检查耳朵用的)耳镜

-eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their develop ment and diseases 儿科学

-ine /in substance 物质insulin：

substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerha

ns in the pancreas

胰岛素

-ism process or conditio n alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol whi ch becomes addictive 酒精中毒

-ist one who specializes in

精通于……的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in t he study of drugs 药理专家

-iti s inflammation refers

to a part in

……部位的炎症

rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i) um relation to a whole

; related to

与……相关

endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内

膜

-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing

止咳药

-let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

-men t the result or produ

ct of an action

development: thing which develops or is being

developed; action of becoming mature

-oid resembling; like 像mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的

-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the m

iddle of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling ref ers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin 皮肤纤维瘤

-or/ -er either a person or

thing

receptor: a sensory nerve ending that respond

s to various stimuli感受器，受体

-ory characterized by; p ertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down 悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and som

e fruit 果糖

-osi s abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidd

en nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also contain

ing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-som

es

bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体

-um structure; thing; s ubstance magnesium: a white metallic chemical substanc e 镁（金属元素）

结构，物质

-y condition; act; pro cess dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutri

tion or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes Suff ix

Meaning Example

-alg ia pain; painful; cond ition

arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--as e enzyme

protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-bla st embryo 胚，胚胎，人类胚胎

hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞 -car cino ma malignant tumor dev eloping from connec tive tissue 相关组

织的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing fr om glandular tissue 腺癌

-cel e protrusion; distent ion 突出；膨胀，延伸 esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esop hagus 食管突出

-cen tesi s

surgical puncture 手术穿孔 paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity f or the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术

-cap nia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏

-cid e

kill

germicide: (substance) which can kill germs 杀菌剂 -cla st

cell

phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell , which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞 -dyn ia pain

glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛

-ect asia /

-ect

asis

expansion; dilation (膨胀，扩张) atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lung s at birth 肺不张

-ect surgical excision o gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach

omy r removal of

胃切除术 -ede ma excessive accumulat

ion of serous fluid

水肿

myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿 -emi a

blood condition

leukemia: any of several malignant diseases w here an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病 -eme sis vomiting 呕吐

hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血

-gen something that prod uced or prouduces pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of

producing disease 病菌，病原体

-gen esis

production 生产

spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes 精子发生 -glo bin

protein 蛋白质

hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produc ed by erythrocytes 血红素 -gno sis

knowledge

diagnosis: the process of identifying the nat ure or presence of a disease through knowledg e and examination -gra m image; picture

electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the el ectrical activity of heart muscle or heartbea

t used in the diagnosis of heart disease.

Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram

心电图

-gra ph(y ) process of recordin g 记录过程

electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiograp hy 心电图记录 -ias is condition; state

情况，状况 cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症

-iat ry/ -iat rics

healing, frequently refers to a branch

of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支 podiatry: treatment of foot disorders 足部医疗

-lit h stone

cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石

-log

y

the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学

-log ist one who studies and

treats

urologist: a physician who specializes in the

practice of urology 泌尿科医生

-lys is breakdown, destruct

ion

hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of re

d blood cells with releas

e o

f hemoglobin溶血

-mal

acia

softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化

-man ia extreme compulsion

or preoccupation强

迫症

kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compuls

ion to steal 盗窃癖

-meg aly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is an

enlargement of the facial bones as well as th

ose of the lungs 肢端肥大症

-met ry/

-met er measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air

inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of th

e lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

-ody nia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸

痛

-one hormone荷尔蒙，激素p arathormone: which regulates calcium balance

among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激

素

-opi a a defect in the eye

眼睛的毛病

myopia: being short-sighted 近视

-ops y to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscop

ic diagnosis活检

-osi s morbid condition病

态的

sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症

-osm

ia

smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失

-ost omy process of making a

n opening into or a

connection between

造瘘

gastrostomy: surgical construction of an open

ing from the surface of the abdomen into the

stomach胃造口术

-oxi level of oxygen氧水hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxyg

a 平 en in body tissues 组织缺氧

-pat hy disease; diseased c ondition

ophthalmopathy: any eye disease 眼病 -pen ia

deficiency

leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the b lood. Syn. leukocytopenia 白细胞减少症 -pep sia digestion

eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好

--pe xy a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定

hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace l iver 肝固定术

-pha gia/phag

y

eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽

dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing 吞咽困难 -phi l attraction 吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood ce ll which contains granules 嗜碱性粒细胞 -pho bia fear

xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers 对外国人的恐惧，憎恶

-pla sia formation; developm ent hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement o f an organ or tissue 增生，数量型肥大 -pho nia voice

dysphonia: difficulty in speaking 发声困难

-pla sm formation; growth o r substance of form

ation

cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell 细胞浆 -pla sty surgical repair

osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone 骨整形术，骨成形术

--pl egia stroke; paralysis 中风

thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke 热射病 -pne a

breathing

eupnea: normal breathing 呼吸正常，平静呼吸 --pt osis a falling, the drop

ping or sagging of

an organ 器官下移

hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver 肝下垂 -pty sis spitting 分散

melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen 黑色痰液;咳黑痰

-poi esis production

hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用

-rrh age/ -rrh

agia

bursting forth of b lood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menst ruation 月经过多

-rrh aphy surgical sewing or suturing

splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen 脾修补术 -rrh ea overflow

hydrorrhea: watery discharge 液溢

-(o)rrhe xis

splitting or ruptur e 撕裂，破裂，疝气 amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac 羊膜破裂 -sar coma malignant tumor dev eloping from connec tive tissue

liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat 脂肪肉瘤 -sch esis a holding back; sup pression of dischar

ge 阻碍；抑制排放

uroschesis: suppression of urine 闭尿，尿潴留 -scl eros is

a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin 硬皮病

-sco pe instrument for view ing stethoscope: an instrument for performing med icate ausculation 听诊器

-sco py process of examinin g visually

hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查 -spa sm involuntary contrac tion angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel 血管痉挛

-sta sis suppression; stoppa ge; control; arrest 抑制，中止

hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding

止血，止血法 -ste nosi s abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal 管、道德异常狭窄

laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the la rynx 喉狭窄

-sto my surgical opening to the outside of the body 造口

colostomy: surgical operation to make an open ing from the colon 结肠造口术

-ten tion

pressure

hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压 -the rapy

treatment

physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physic al means 物理疗法 --ti on process

hospitalization: the process of being hosipit alized 住院

-toc ia

labor; birth 生产 embryotocia: abortion 流产

-tom e tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint 关节刀

-tom y process of cutting into

gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术 -tro pia

turning 转弯，变向 esotropia: turning inward of the eye 内斜视 -tro phy nourishment or deve

lopment of an organ

器官的营养、发育

dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutri tion or metabolism 营养不良 -uri a a condition of the

urine （小便）

dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难 -ver sion turning

eversion: a turning outward 外翻，翻转

Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes

Pref ix

Meaning Example

a-/a n- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully 失语

症

ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus 流产 ad- to; toward; near

adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的 acro -

a point or tip

acronyx: growing into the flesh 嵌甲 alb- white

albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation 白发病者 amb-/

ambi both

ambisexual 、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both mal es and famales 双性恋

-

amph i-/

amph o- both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the sam

e vessel起止同源的血管

ana- up; back again anabolism: process of building up complex che

mical substances on the basis of simpler ones

合成代谢

Angi o- a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel

血管瘤

ante - before antenatal: during the period between concepti

on and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的

anti - against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depressi

on抗抑郁剂

audi - hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测

定

auto - self autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the b

ody’s own cells自身抗体

bi- two; twice bicellular: two cells两室的

bio- living organisms生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学

brad y- slow bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction,

shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓

carc in- carcinoma or cancer

癌；瘤

carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物

cata - downwards; under; a

gainst;

along with

cataract: condition where the lens of the eye

gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障

cent i- one hundredth百分之

一

centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=on

e hundredth o

f a meter)厘米

co(n )- with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血

缘的，密切的

cont ra- against contraception: prevention of pregnancy by usi

ng devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法

de- removal or loss decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine rem

oved 脱去咖啡因的

deca

-

ten decagram: ten grams 十克

deci - tenth deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one

tenth of a little)1/10公升

di- two diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言

dia- through; between; a part; across diathermy: process of (treating) through heat 透热疗法

dis- reversal or separat

e

disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂

dys- bad; difficult; dis ordered dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形

echo - sound echocardiography: ultrasonography of the hear

t心回波描记，超声心动描记术

ect-/

ecto - outside or outer ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of c

artilage or bone外生软骨瘤

en- in; within enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨

疣

endo - inside endocardium: membrane which lines the heart

心内膜

epi- on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮

ery- red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood c

ell红细胞

eso- inward; within(向

内)

esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

eu- good eugenics: study of how to improve the human r

ace by genetic selection优生学

ex-/

exo

-

out of exhale: to breath out 呼出

extr

a-

outside extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的

hemi - half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one si

de of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂

hydr o- water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found

in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水

hype r- higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the bloo

d高血糖症

hypo - less or too little hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the

blood 低血钾

in- in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely relate

d mal

e and female 近亲交配

in- not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which

makes sense语无伦次

infr a- below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella

髌

inte

r-

between interlobular: between lobules小叶间的

intr a- inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spi

nal cord 髓内

itro - into introvert: person who thinks only about himse

lf and his own mental state性格内向的人

mal- bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机

器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

meta - changes metaplasia: change of one tissue to another

化生，转化，组织变形

micr o- very small microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小

红细胞

mid- middle midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bon

es腕骨间的

mill

i-

one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis- error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产

mult i- many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has

been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇

noct - at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity o

f urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症

nona - nine or the nineth nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边

形

octa - eight octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次

的

odon t- teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated str

uctures, and their disorders

onco - tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤

学

oro- mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongu

e口与舌的

pach y- thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of t

he body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚

pali -/

pali n- against; pathologic

repetition病态的重

复

palindromic: (disease) which recurs

复发的，再发的

pan-/pan t-/

pant o- all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the

cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症

para - similar to or near;

changed or beyond

paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so

that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪

pen-/

pent a- five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urin

e

戊糖尿

per- through percutaneous: done or administered through th

e skin经皮的，由皮的

peri - around pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around t

he bladder膀胱周炎

pero - deformed or defecti

ve畸形有缺陷的

peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs

四肢不全

phar maco drugs pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, an

d their action, properties and characteristic

-

s 药理学，药物学 pleo -/

plei

o-

too many

pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal flui d 多核细胞 plur i- more

pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting se veral glands 多线性的

pneu m-/ pneu

nmo-

air or the lungs; b reathing pneumonia: inflammation of a lung

肺炎

poly - touching many organ s polyphagia: condition where a patient eats to o much; morbid desire for every king of food

多食症，杂食症

post -

after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的

pre- before of in front of premature: early or before the normal time 过

早的，早产

pres by- old age

presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails grad ually 老花眼

pro-/ supi n-/ pron

-

before or in front of lying on the back

bend forward

prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a dis ease 预测；预后

quad ri-/ quin

t-

four

five/fifth

quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born t o a mother at the same time 四胞胎 radi o-

ray or radiation

radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法 semi - half

semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or p art of an organ 轻度睑下垂

sub- under submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层

的；粘膜下的

supe r- above; extremely superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumi

n白蛋白过多

syn- with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly

linked by ligaments 韧带联合

supr

a-

above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺

tach y- fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动

过速

tetr a- four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide

range of bacterial diseases 四环素

tran s- across; through; be

yond

transmission: the transfer, as of a disease,

from one person to another 传染

tri- three tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸

胎

ultr a- beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultraso

nic sound waves 超声波学

uni- one uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的

xen( o)- strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant betwe

en animals of different species 异种移植物