BEC和翻译考试的选择
BEC、口译、翻译考试如何选择最合适？
经常会有同学感到困惑：自己既非英语专业，也不是学习金融经济管理专业的，英语水平也就大学四六级上下；同时又想为自己毕业后的就业增加英语的筹码，到底要选择什么样的英语类考试才好呢？结合考试内容、就业前景、自身水平和备考时间，为你最全面的分析BEC、口译和翻译各大考试。
1.先来分析一下，现在就业市场上比较受欢迎、认可度也较高的几种英语考试。
（1）BEC剑桥商务英语考试，作为第一个进入中国的商务英语类考试，BEC有着“外企通行证”的美誉，在外企的认可度比较高。
（2）上海外语口译考试，在上海及长三角地区比较受欢迎，是除四六级以外另一个可以证明英语水平的标杆。
（3）CATTI全国翻译专业资格，人事部的考试，职业资格类，难度较大，考试内容也偏向专业和正式场合，适合有志于从事翻译工作的同学参加。
2.再来对比一下自己的英语水平，看看适合哪一种考试。
（1）BEC分为初中高三个等级，一般在校大学生多选择BEC中级考试作为自己增加就业成功率的砝码。BEC中级考试难易程度在大学四六级之间，涉及商务职场知识，更适合于企业背景。如果想要进入外企，尤其是知名外企的话，还请尽力取得BEC高级证书。
（2）上海外语口译考试分为两个级别，中口和高口。笔试和口试分开，口试不过的同学也能拿到笔试证书，不过含金量就低一点。适合在长江三角洲
地区的同学参加。
（3）CATTI考试，如果不是英语专业，或者不想从事翻译工作的同学，或者不是对英语极度感兴趣的同学，可以不用考虑该考试。
3.根据备考准备的时间和精力，哪种考试更适合。
（1）BEC中级的难度介于大学四六级之间，听力和难度在六级及以上，并涉及到部分商务知识，需要同学多读多听，熟悉商务内容。所以想要备考BEC 中级的同学，最好能有三到五个月的备考时间，包括学习教材、配套习题和真题。BEC高级难度更大，需要准备的时间最好能有三到六个月的备考时间。
（2）上海中口难度在四六级之间，涉及到政治、会议、经贸等比较正式的内容，相关词汇需要积累。同时，口译的交传性质，又要求同学能较好较快地进行笔记的记录。所以，备考的时间需要三到五个月。上海高口类似于中口，但难度更大，所以备考的时间最好能有四到六个月。不过，中高口的笔试和口试是分开进行的，备考的时间相对而言比较充裕。
（3）CATTI考试的难度大，对平时积累的要求高，请至少准备半年以上再去参加考试。
商务英语的翻译标准及要求
商务英语的翻译标准及要求 商务英语是英语在商务场合这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语。下面是小编分享的商务英语的翻译标准及要求，一起来看一下吧。 商务英语的翻译标准及要求 对于翻译的标准，自1898 年严复提出“信、达、雅”的翻译主张以来，人们一直讨论不断，争论不休，目前尚无定论。而各家学者对商务英语的翻译标准也不一，比如，刘法公先生曾提出了“忠实、准确、统一”的商务翻译标准；叶玉龙等认为“对商务英语来说，翻译标准除 ‘忠实通顺’外，还应加上‘地道’”。张新红、李明认为，“商务英语 翻译译者除了要精通两种语言及其文化以及熟悉翻译技巧之外，还必须熟悉商务方面的知识，了解商务各个领域的语言特点和表达法”。 专家们的论述见仁见智，但笔者认为，对于对外商务英语的翻译应博采众长，“以忠实通顺为基础，力求准确与统一”。 “忠实通顺”，指商务英语的译文应是英语原文信息的真实反映，译者应最大限度地将商务英语原文作者所赋予原文的语言文字转移到汉语译文里。译文除了要忠实于商务英语原文外，还要明白晓畅，符合汉语商务文献的语言规范和行为规范的要求，也就是说，译文要像汉语里商界人士所说的行话。忠实与通顺二者相互依存，若译文忠实而不通顺，读者就看不懂，也就达不到交易的目的;若通顺而不忠实，脱离原文的内容与风格，则会使商务活动受到阻碍，通顺也就毫无意义。 “准确统一”是指译文要准确传达原文的信息，译文所传递的信息同商务英语原文所传递的信息要保持一致；在翻译过程中，译文采用的译名、概念、术语等都应该保持前后统一，不允许将同一概念或术语随意变换译名。因此，商务英语的翻译应以准确的语言、统一的汉语商务套语加以表达，不得出任何差错，否则会酿成不可挽回的损失。
商务英语翻译
湖北省高等教育自学考试课程考试大纲 课程名称：商务英语翻译课程代码：05355 第一部分课程性质与目标 一、课程性质与特点 商务英语翻译是湖北省高等教育自学考试商务英语专业（专科）的一门专业基础课。该课程实践性强，注重专业知识，以课文的英译汉为主要内容，配以翻译理论和互译技巧的讲解，将英语学习与商务专业知识、英汉翻译理论与商务方面的实际应用等有机结合。本课程具备科学性，典型性，实用性，并紧扣全国国际商务专业技术资格考试中的规定的相关内容，理论联系实际，针对性强。 二、课程目标及基本要求 本课程较全面的涉及到了商务英语活动的各方面，讲解相关内容的翻译方法与技巧，增强翻译技能，通过大量全真的英汉互译的实例训练以达到提高本专业学生在专业英语及商务知识方面的翻译能力的目的。 通过本课程的学习，使学生能够全面、灵活地运用各种翻译方法和技巧，准确、完整地对各种商务英语体裁的文章进行翻译，达到商务英语专业大学专科的要求。 三、与本专业其他课程的关系 商务英语翻译课程的前期课程有综合英语（上）、商务英语听说、商务英语阅读、商务英语写作等课程，其后续课程是综合英语（下）、商务函电等课程，这些课程紧密联系，相辅相成。 第二部分考核内容与考核目标 第一单元 一、学习目的与要求 通过本单元的学习，使学生了解翻译的过程，翻译的形式及其目的；掌握《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》的有关内容；对国际商务合同的术语翻译和解读。 二、考核知识点与考核目标 （一）翻译中的词类转换；翻译的形式（重点） 理解：词类转换： 1.英语名词转化为汉语动词 1)动物名词的转化 2)人体名词的转换 3)自然现象名词的转化 4)地点名词的转化 2.英语名词转为为汉语形容词、副词 应用：翻译的形式 (1)直译literal translation (2)意译free translation (3)活译dynamic equivalence translation
三种翻译资格证书比较
翻译考试证书比较
难易程度对应水平湖南、广东、广西、海南、武汉、广 州、四川、贵州、云南、西藏、重 庆、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新 疆、兵团、西安；法语、德语口译和 笔译考试在北京、上海进行；日语口 译和笔译考试在北京、上海、大连、 山东（济南、青岛）、天津、重庆、 福建、广东、广州、浙江、江苏、吉 林、黑龙江、湖北、武汉；俄语、 西 班牙语、阿拉伯语口译和笔译考试、 英语同声传译考试只在北京进行。 三级笔译部分：英译汉要求600 个单 词；交替传译要求300个单词全；二 级笔译部分：英译汉要求800个单 词；口译要求1000个单词。 三级，非外语专业本科毕业、通过大 学英语六级考试或外语大专毕业生水 平，并具备一定的口笔译实践经验； 二级，非外语专业研究生毕业或外语 专业本科毕业生水平，并具备3-5年 的翻译时间经验；一级，具备8-10 年的翻译实践经验，是某语种互译方 初级笔译考试英译汉掌握 250个单词；口译考试要求 400个单词左右；交替传译要 求掌握250个词左右。中级 笔译要求300个单词；口译 英译汉要求500个单词左右。 初级，北外英语专业本科二年级 或二年级以上水平；中 级，北外英语专业本科毕业或研 究生水平；高级，北外 高级翻译学院毕业生或以上 水平。 英语高级，具有大学英语六级或同 等英语能力水平；英语中级，具有 大学英语四级或同等英语能力水 平；日语口译，相当日本语能力考 试二级水平。
面的专家 证书作用翻译专业资格（水平）考试纳入国家职 业资格证书制度，统一规戈叽翻译专业 资格（水平）证书将取代传统的翻译专 业技术职务评审。 自身语言运用能力的证明地方执业资格证书 证书有效 期每3年重新注册登记一次，一次 注册有效期3年 尚无规定尚无规定 证书有效 范围全国范围内有效；在与我国签署 相互认证协议的国家有效。 全国范围内有效上海市有效 证书种类英语三级笔译证书英语三级口译证书 日语三级笔译证书日语 三级口译证书法语三级笔译证 书法语三级口译证书英语二级笔译证 书英语二级口译证书日 语二级笔译证书日语二级口译 证书法语二级笔译证书法语二级口译证 书 初级笔译证书初级口译证书中级 笔译证书中级口译证书咼级笔译 证书咼级口译证书 英语高级口译证书英语中级 口译证书日语口译证书 央语口译基础能力证书 考核语种 英、日、俄、德、法、西班牙、 阿拉伯语 英语英语、日语 成绩查询考试结束后10-12周考试结束大约10周后不详 相同点 人事部教育部 上海市委组织部、人事局、教 育局 考试等级资深翻译：长期从事翻译工作，具有广 播科学文化知识和国内领先水平的双语 互译能力，能够解决翻译工作中的重大 疑难冋题，在理论和实践上对翻译事业 的发展和人才培养作出重大贡献。 一级口译、笔译翻译：具有较为丰富的 科学文化知识和较咼的双语互译能力， 能胜任范围较广、 初级笔译证书：本证书证明持有人 能够就一般难度的材料进行英汉 互译，能够胜任一般性文件或商务 等方面材料的翻译工作。中级 笔译 证书：本证书证明持有人能够就普 通英汉原文材料进仃互译，能够胜 任一般性国际会议文件、科技或经 贸等材 英语咼级口译证书：通过该项目的 培训和考试，为国家机关、企事业、 公司和涉外单位造就一批能胜任各类 涉外项目谈判、高层次会晤、新闻发 布会、记者招待会以及国际研讨会的 翻译，并为同声翻译人才的培养打好 基础。英语中级口译证书：可从事 一般的生活翻译、
商务英语翻译测试题及答案
I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended without the agreement by the both parties.
3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom. II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the
tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil. 4. I have no head for mathematics. 5. This would lead to a countdown in Afghanistan.
全国翻译资格考试笔译模拟练习及答案
全国翻译资格考试笔译模拟练习及答案 各成员领导人指示部长们于2002年部长级会议前确定具体的行动和措施，与私营部门密切合作，在2006年前将APEC贸易便利化原则付诸实施。目标是力争在未来5年内将APEC地区的贸易交易费用降低5％。 领导人还指示部长们探讨为贸易便利化确定客观标准的可能性，在这一过程中要充分考虑APEC成员的多样性，以及各成员已经取得的进展。同时，领导人一致认为，开展援助项目来提高发展中成员实施贸易便利化的能力非常重要。 ［参考译文］ Leaders instruct Ministers to identify，by Ministerial Meeting in 2002，concrete actions and measures to implement the APEC Trade Facilitation Principles by 2006 in close partnership with the private sector. The objective is to realize a significant reduction in the transaction costs by endeavoring to reduce them by 5% across the APEC region over the next 5 years. Leaders also instruct Ministers to explore the possibility of setting objective criteria on trade facilitation， taking fully into account the diversity among the members as well as progress achieved in respective economies so far. Leaders also agree that assistance programmes to help build the capacity of developing economies in trade facilitation is particularly important. Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) This section consists of two parts, Part A - "Compulsory Translation"
2020年翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题及解析
2020年翻译资格考试高级口译模拟试题及解析 翻译段落： The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of labor and capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure, and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure’s major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP. A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulative effect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow could be great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so that deficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing but spending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. This productivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.
商务英语翻译(40-53)
商务英语翻译 最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！太平洋英语，免费体验全部外教一对一课程：https://www.360docs.net/doc/c813308880.html, 4.6 英汉翻译中的减词翻译法 美国翻译理论家奈达曾经说过，“翻译就是翻译意思”，那么在两种语言之间进行的翻译并不是一个词对一个词的相互转换。在将英语翻译成汉语时，译文一定要通顺、地道、流畅、符合汉语的表达习惯。要使译文地道、流畅，就必须充分了解源语和译语在表达习惯上的区别。与英语相比较，汉语中代词（尤其是人称代词）和连接词（尤其是并列连接词“和”）使用得很少，能省略的代词和连接词一般都不在句子里出现。因此，在英译汉时，应该避免在句子里过多地使用代词和连接词，否则译文就会显得不自然、不流畅。这时就要用减词翻译法。减词翻译法是指在翻译的过程中省略原文中自然的、必不可少的、但在译文中却是多余词汇的翻译方法。例如： The retailers perform many functions. First, he may provide a convenient location. Also, he often guarantees and services the merchandise he sells. Third, the retailer aids in promoting the product, often through displays and advertising. Fourth, the retailer may finance the customer by extending credit. Further, the retailer performs storage function in his outlet, by having goods available. 译文：零售商还发挥许多功能。其一，（）可提供便利的场地；其二，（）对他所经销的商品提供担保和服务；其三，（）帮助促销产品，经常进行商品展示活动和发布广告；其四，（）为顾客提供信贷。另外，由于供货及时，零售商还可发挥其商店的仓储功能。 析：英语语篇的衔接手段常用的有：大量使用代词，指代前文中所提到的名词，偶尔重复使用名词本身，使用省略，使用上义词或同义词。汉语中最常用的衔接手段则是多使用名词重复和省略，偶尔也使用代词和上义词或同义词。在汉语的语篇中，当所谈论的主语是同一个的时候，被谈论的主语往往只出现一次，后面句子的主语可以省略。这种省略不仅不会引起误解，而且会使行文简洁流畅。上面这一段汉语译文可以充分说明这一点。再比如下面这一段汉语是地道的汉语：柯灵，生于1909年，浙江省绍兴人。中国现代作家。1926年发表第一篇作品叙事诗《织布的妇人》。1930年任《儿童时代》编辑。1949年以前一直在上海从事报纸编辑工作，并积极投入电影、话剧运动。解放后，曾任《文汇报》副总编辑。现任上海电影局顾问。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译实务模拟试题
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务模拟试题 Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes). I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. "We have three of the oldest known," he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a 16th-century instruction: "He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet." I want to take the measure of Cubas past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cubas long reign as counting house and command center for Spains New World colonies. I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine. On another day, in fading light, I walk the ramparts of El Morro, its lighthouse standing tall over Havanas harbor. The old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havanas past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes
2020年翻译资格考试初级笔译试题及答案(2)
2020年翻译资格考试初级笔译试题及答案(2) 1. But the men, who have usually used their family’s life savings to get here, are mostly left alone 但警察对绝大部分通常倾其家庭的生活积蓄来这里闯荡的男人们 一般不予以干涉。 点评： 该句的前面是这样的一个句子：Occasionally, the police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters. 有时候,警察开来推 土机拆除避难所。该句讲述了那些到欧洲去的移民在西班牙南部省份 的安达卢西亚的树林里过着颠沛流离的生活。他们自己用废弃的东西 临时搭建的破屋经常被警察们拆除。这句中的被动语态“left alone”要给予准确理解，从这句话中还能够侧面了解西班牙的警察们对穷人 的一点同情心。 2. Some drift into town to socialize and buy supplies, if they have money. 一些人溜达到城里去参加社交活动，如果有钱的话，去购买些生 活日用品。 点评： 该句中“drift into”原意为“漂流”的意思，但在此句中则表 现出那些移民在晚间百无聊赖，无所事事地在大街上闲逛的特点。该 句注重词义的恰当选择。 3. But when he arrived there, his uncle’s phone rang and rang. 但当他来到这里,他叔叔的电话就打不通了。 点评：
“rang and rang”是英语中表示电话铃的象声词。在这句中通过 该词的重复使用表现出“无人接听”的含义。我们在授课中曾讲到英 语的象声词：onomatopoeia，并例举了很多类似的词，如：give me a ring, give me a tinkle都表示给某人打电话，再如，a hot pan sizzles滚烫的油锅发出 4. But I told him he was nothing to me. 但我告诉他，他对我也没有什么协助。 点评： “nothing to sb.”表示“对某人来说什么都不是或一无是处”，但考虑到文章的上下文如果这样译就太不客气了。所以应使用委婉语 来表示。
商务英语翻译课程标准
《商务英语翻译》课程标准 适用专业：商务英语专业课程编码：TA0B28 开设时间：第5学期课时数：72学时 一、课程概述 本课程旨在传授翻译理论知识及实用的翻译方法和技巧，培养学生独立完成英汉翻译任务。课程是翻译理论为基础，结合实际的典型翻译例文向学生传递实用的翻译技巧，与此同时培养学生的举一反三的能力，最后通过实际的翻译任务锻炼学生的实际翻译能力。 课程设计从商务英语教学的实际需要入手，结合基本的翻译理论、方法以及实际外贸业务对英汉翻译的专业知识需要，在比较全面的介绍英汉翻译知识的同时也为学生补充了大量实际有用的专业翻译方法和技巧，使学生不仅对英汉互译有进一步的学习，同时也可以将所学翻译技巧充分运用于实际工作，从而真正做到学有所用。 坚持以高职教育培养目标为依据，遵循“结合理论联系实际，以应知、应会”的原则，以培养锻炼职业技能为重点。注重培养学生的翻译理论灵活运用能力和翻译实践能力。把实践和创新素质的培养贯穿于教学中，采用翻译任务独立完成
等方式注重发展学生独立思维和专业应用能力。培养学生在翻译过程中分析、解决实际问题的能力。
二、课程培养目标 1.方法能力目标 （1）熟悉英语翻译的理论知识。 （2）掌握翻译的标准和原则。 （3）熟悉各种商务文体翻译的过程。 （4）了解译者的工作原则和职业操守。 2.社会能力目标 （1）能够处理对外贸易企业的日常涉外文件翻译。 （2）能够对外贸企业各种函电进行专业翻译。 （3）能够做到对外贸易工作过程中的陪同口译。 3.专业能力目标 （1）熟练掌握词义的选择和引申、词类转译法、增词法、省词法、被动结构的译法和正反、反正的译法。
商务英语翻译的7大要点
商务英语翻译的7大要点 商务语言是商务文化群体广泛使用的一种特定语言，其内容和读者有很强的针对性。为避免日后产生异议和纠纷，商务文书的语言组织受到特别的重视，尤其注重专业规范的措辞和严谨缜密的结构等方面。今天，小编为您带来的是商务英语翻译的7大要点，跟着一起来了解吧! 一、单词分译 单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小旬或者句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的：一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点，直译会使句子生硬晦涩，而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺，且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要，如加强语气，突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。 例：We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.我们认识到，中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。 二、短语分译 短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。 例1：These cheerful little trams，dating back to 1 873，chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening.这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年，嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。车上铃儿叮当作响，每个窗口都是人。(介词短语分泽) 例2：The military is forbidden to kill the vessel，a relatively easy task.军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇，虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短 语分译)
2012年5月全国翻译资格水平考试CATTI英语三级笔译实务试题
姓名：准考证号： 2012年度上半年全国翻译资格（水平）考试试卷 笔译实务 （英语·三级） 国家人事部中国外文局 二○一二年五月
Section1: English-Chinese Translation（英译汉）（50 points）Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 100 minutes. PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned. In his West African homeland, Mr. Jall ow?s salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia?s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe. Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.” The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta. The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans. Experts say thousands more — many of whom have been moving around North Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them. But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch. “It keeps the hunger away,” he said. The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jal low?s. From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers? union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.” The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters. “So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”
有关于商务英语翻译原则
有关于商务英语翻译原则 商务英语 1.准确严谨 由于国际商务合同的专业性和兼容性越来越强，因此，合同的内容也就日趋精确和完备。这就要求译者在翻译时应把“准确严谨” 作为首要标准，尤其是合同中的法律术语和关键词语的翻译更应予 以特别重视，仅仅忠实原文远远不够，而应严格贴近合同所涉及的 专业性内容。以“offer”一词为例，将它翻译为“提供、提议”是 正确的，但在国际商务合同种，offer一般只能译为“要约、报盘”。此外，为了避免产生歧义，有些词语的翻译必须保持同一种 译法，尤其是合同中的专业术语和关键词语都有着严格的法律涵义，翻译时一定要透彻理解原文的内容要求，准确完整地传达合同文件 的精神实质。以“exclusive”为例，exclusiveterritory应译为“独占区域”，表示许可方不得再把同样内容的技术许可协议授予 该地域内的任何第三方。但是，exclusivecontract则译为“专销 合同”，表示制造商与转卖商之间签订的专销协议，规定转卖商不 得同时经销竞争对手的产品。 2.规范通顺 所谓“规范通顺”，就是把理解了的东西，用规范通顺的、合乎合同语言要求的文字(中文)表达出来。因此，要使合同语言“规范 通顺”，译者就要特别注意合同的词语运用规范，符合合同文体中 约定俗成的含义。例如，将“documentarybillatsight”译为“即 期付有单据的票据”，虽然表达的意思符合原文要求，但概念并不 清晰，因为“票据”本身的涵义是广义的，在国际商务合同中的票 据主要指汇票，因此，应译为“跟单汇票”。此外，国际商务合同 的译文不仅要符合合同语言的要求和规律，还应做到通顺，着重体 现在条理清晰上。国际商务合同的条款往往比较繁复，翻译时应首
商务英语翻译
1.很多国有企业正在努力摆脱债务的纠缠，尽快实现盈利的目标。(get rid of) Many state-owned company is trying to get rid of the trouble of debts and realize the goals of making profit 2. 一般来说，人们总是希望工作时间要短些，而工资却要高些。(in general) In general, people hope that the working time is shorter, while salary should be higher. 3. 面试时，面试官会想尽办法让你打消顾虑，畅所欲言。(feel free) Interviewer can try his best (make his effort ) to feel free to talk. 4. 有了商品标识，我们就能从一百种同类产品中很快认出我们公司的产品来。(identify) With the trademark, we can quickly identify our products from a hundred products of the same style. 5.我们在书本上所学到的是远远不够的。(what...is...) What we have learned from book is far from enough. 6.有时董事长和总经理由一人承担，因此人们常常会把董事长和总经理混为一谈。(confuse...with) People alway will cofuse the president with the general manager. Because they are sometimes occupied by the same person. 7.他们终于意识到计划经济在他们国家是行不通的。(come to) At last,they came to realize that the planed economy is unfeasible in their country. 8.你在暗示这是管理层的错误，是吗？(lie with) You hint that this is the fault lying with the
2019年6月全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试一级笔译实务真题(人事部CATTI考试)
2019年6月CATTI全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试 英语一级《笔译实务》试题 Section 1: translation Part 1 English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(40points) There was a time when people used to love reading books and they used to read books only for their own pleasure. The traditional pleasures of reading are more complex than just enjoyment. They involve patience, solitude, contemplation. And therefore the books that are most at risk from our attention are these that require a bit of effort. In order for this to work, however, we need a certain type of silence, an ability to filter out the noise. Such a state is increasingly elusive in our over-networked culture, in which every rumour and mundanity is blogged and tweeted. Today, it seems it is not contemplation we seek but an odd sort of distraction masquerading as being in the know. Why? Because of the illusion that illumination is based on speed, that it is more important to react than to think, that we live in a culture in which something is attached to every bit of time. In one sense, this is just the latest twist in a story that has been growing for nearly a century. It seems that each new media invention —movies, radio, television, VCRs and DVD players, and the Internet-inevitably affects the way people read and reduces the time they devote to it. These days, after spending hours reading e-mails and fielding phone calls in the office, tracking stories across countless websites, I find it difficult to quiet down. Besides, most people read to be informed and instructed -where to take a vacation, how to cook, how to invest their money. Less frequently, the reasons may be escapist or to be entertained, to forgo the boredom or anxiety of their daily lives. A mode of thinking is being lost,” laments Neil Postman, whose book “Amusing Ourselves to Dea th,” is a warning about the consequences of a falloff in reading. American politics, religion, news, athletics, education, and commerce have been transformed into congenial adjuncts of show business. Ironically, but not coincidentally, reading has begun fading from our culture at the very moment that its importance to that culture is finally being established. Its decline, many theorists believe, is as profound as, say, the fall of communism, and some have taken to prophesying that the downturn in reading could result in the modern world's cultural and political decline. Optimists, however, suggest that the widespread notion that reading is in decline is an oversimplification, citing statistics showing books, the oldest form of print, seem to be doing reasonably well and publishers, in fact, are