数控机床机电一体化外文文献翻译
数控机床机电一体化外文文献翻译
(含：英文原文及中文译文)
文献出处：Safavi S M, Mirian S S, Abedinzadeh R, et al. Use of PLC module to control a rotary table to cut spiral bevel gear with three-axis CNC milling[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2010, 49(9-12):1069-1077.
英文原文
Use of PLC module to control a rotary table to cut spiral bevel gear with
three-axis CNC milling
Safavi S M, Mirian S S, Abedinzadeh R
Abstract
CNC machining nowadays makes more use of "Mechatronics" increasingly. Combining numerical control with mechanic, electric, and data processing systems can lead to new methods of production. In recent years, the development of CNC has made it possible to perform nonlinear correction motions for the cutting of spiral bevel gears. In this paper, we attempt to manufacture the spiral bevel gear using a three-axis CNC milling machine interfaced with an additional PLC module based on traditional discontinuous multi-cutting method accomplished by using a universal milling machine interfaced with an indexing work head. This research consists of (a) geometric modeling of the spiral bevel gear, (b) simulating the traditional and our new nontraditional method using a
CAD/CAE system, (c) process planning for CNC machining and PLC Programming, (d) experimental cuts with a three-axis CNC milling machine were made to discover the validity of the presented method. The results demonstrate that invented experimental cutting method of SBGs not only is less expensive than advanced CNC machining but also produces gears in a shorter time in comparison with the traditional cutting. Thereby, it is an economical method in manufacturing of SBGs. Keywords: ear manufacturing . Spiral bevel gear .CAD/CAM/CAE . CNC . PLC . AC motor . Inverter .Proximity sensors . Photoelectric sensors . Rotary encoder
1 Introduction
Gears are important precision mechanisms in the field of industrial machinery, used to transmit mechanical power and mechanical movement between parallel shafts, transverse crosses or non-intersecting shafts. Although sometimes invisible, gear is still one of the most important mechanical components in our industrial civilization. Under a wide variety of conditions, gears will operate at almost unlimited speed. The gear processing equipment and process that have been developed have been very advanced and mature. Whether for mass production or small batch production, the process of machining gears requires the following four steps, whether in a small workshop or a batch processing workshop:
(1) Cutting
(2) cutting teeth
(3) Heat treatment
(4) Grinding
According to their type, application range and strength and stiffness requirements, gears are usually manufactured through casting, extrusion, forging, powder metallurgy, injection molding and hobbing. In this series of machining processes, the spiral bevel gear is the most complicated kind of gear, and it is used to transmit rotary motion between the angled horizontal axes. In the direction of the tooth length, the spiral bevel gear has a radially curved tooth profile curve. This kind of gear can ensure a smooth engagement with the mating gears, mainly because they have a curved profile that outperforms the spur gears, so that they will contact and engage more teeth at the same time. The design and manufacture of spiral bevel gears is still a hot topic of research. It has been used in helicopter transport gear trains, motorcycle gear reducers and other industrial branches. For manufacturing, such gears are usually machined from a special machine, such as gear hobbing machines and forming machines. At present, special CNC machine tools based on gear tooth processing have been used in industrial practice. This may be the reason why the related literature on gear processing is scarce in the public research field. Recently, CNC machine tools based on gear machining have been developed and gradually used in industrial practice. However,
their motion structure is still intrinsically different from industrial CNC milling machines. The former is designed for a special tool. Previous research on gears mainly related to the design and analysis of gears. While studying its geometric features and design parameters, Tsai and Chin provide a mathematical surface model for bevel gears (spur gears, helical bevel gears) based on gear transmission in the tangential direction and involute gear geometry. Later, this scheme was compared with A-daccak et al. and Shunmugan et al. based on a precision spherical involute gear surface model to arrive at a completely different model. Based on the nominal deviation, the accuracy (compared with the use of a special machine tooling spiral bevel gear) has been verified.
For crown gears, some conclusions are feasible. Litvin and Kim proposed the use of Fan Cheng method to obtain involute curves by improving the base circle of spur gears. Using the modified measured value of the helical gear transmission error, Umeyama designed a standard profile on the pitch circle and designed an improved profile on the upper and lower surfaces of the face gear. Tamura et al. developed a point contact model for a bevel gear with a flat tooth profile. These studies are related to the return tooth profile of those special gear processing machines (eg gear hobbing machines, forming machines) specially designed for machining gears. Suh et al. studied the feasibility of the processing method for the engraving surface of spiral bevel gears,
and verified the possibility of using a four-axis CNC milling machine with a gyration-swing lifting platform to generate machining trajectories. At the same time, a model-based verification method for helical bevel gears has also been proposed.
In this paper, we will try a new machining process for spiral bevel gears, using a three-axis milling machine with a PLC module that can be used to control the index table. Obviously, the productivity of this processing method is not as good as that of special-purpose machine tools. In addition to productivity, the advantages of this processing method are as follows: (1) Traditional processing methods require large investment costs to obtain various special machine tools, and the types of gears, sizes, and geometries that are selected for tool processing are also very limited; (2) With this new processing method, various types of gears can be machined through industrial three-axis CNC milling machines; (3) Compared with the use of special-purpose machine tools, this method is more economical. A different focus from previous work is that in order to simulate the entire process and obtain the processing parameters, an automated computer model needs to be developed. All previous studies are calculating complex mathematical equations and designing geometric models. In view of the above, our focus is on the experimental testing of spiral bevel gears rather than the geometric or mathematical model of helical bevel gears. This is the first time to use a mechatronic machine
and a CNC milling machine to process special gears and even a mechanical component.
2 Helical bevel gear geometry
In general, the geometry of a gear is given by engineering drawings. For defining its geometry, some parameters (main parameters) are necessary. For this purpose, we use the drive element development software named "GearTrax" to calculate these main parameters.
The design of spiral bevel gears requires high-precision mathematical calculations, and the production of such gear transmissions requires not only high-quality equipment and machine tools that process such gear trains, but also the need to extend appropriate machine parameter settings. Although this setting is not up to standard, it also needs to be able to guarantee the
The design of each condition of the motion requirement (according to the geometric parameters of the gear transmission and the development tool) is determined.
3 Processing spiral bevel gear
From the discussion in the introduction, we know that all types of gears can be processed to achieve all the required specifications, and the processing methods for high-precision gears are still excellent. Forming Milling is the most common machining procedure for machining any type of gear. The props used all have the same shape as the adjacent gear
teeth gap. Standard tools are commonly used for forming and cutting gears. In the United States, each of these cutters is 8 times the original diameter and is used to machine the multi-tooth gears indicated on the standard table. Gleason Corporation is based on the general concept of bevel gears developed to complement the principle of crown gears: large and small meshed gears can be considered separately and surface hobbing is used.
Fan Cheng's crown gear can be considered as a special helical gear with a helix angle of 90 degrees. Therefore, the generic term “gear gear” emerged. When the mating face of the generated large and small gears is conjugated, consideration can be given to supplementing the concept of vanishing crown gears. In practice, the teeth of the gears may differ from one another in order to match the mismatched tooth surfaces. The rotation of the gear is reflected by the cradle rotation on the gear.
To process spiral bevel gears with a three-axis CNC milling machine, we should first enjoy program testing of the CAD/CAM system's geometry modeling and simulation module. Use commercial software Solidworks to create CAD models and MSCs. Visual NASTRAN 4D software (a CAE mechanical motion analysis system using a 3D model) was used to simulate gear machining and analyze the results.
For the structure of the machine tool, it is obvious that the history of the rotary motion of the workpiece on the spiral bevel gear CNC machine
tool is necessary. Based on the analysis of its cutting performance, through a one-step installation, the spiral bevel gear CNC machining can at least achieve the requirements of four-axis control. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a rotary table for a three-axis milling machine. Forming or forming milling are used in the test. The tool is fed radially from the desired tooth height of the center of the gear blank and passes through the tooth face, while the rotary table rotates the work piece about its center to obtain the desired tooth width. When a tooth is machined, the tool is retracted and the indexing head indicates the gear blank, continuing to cut the next tooth. Basically, this method is a simple and flexible spiral bevel gear processing method. The required equipment and tools are relatively simple and only standard three-axis CNC milling machines are used. However, to prevent any damage to the workpiece, we need to be cautious about the short-range tool feed for each step.
We created helical bevel gears in the GearTrax environment to simulate operating procedures and estimate some machining parameters such as the end mill's original height, proximity sensor position, motor torque, motor speed, and rotational frequency. For example, in the Solidworks environment, the pitch distance between the end mill and the helical bevel gear is 14.7mm, which is what we use to vertically position the main axis along the Z axis.
At the same time, based on the graphical reports provided by our
CAE system, the motor's angular speed and torque are 1rpm and 48Nm, respectively.
Mastercam is a kind of mechanical professional software that can generate tool trajectories. According to the total depth of the gear and the width of the surface, a tool path with a rectangular machining contour can be designed in our cutting program. Other machining parameters and tool specifications should also be entered in the tool path menu of the software. In the Processing Outline window, we need to use the following two options:
1. Taking into account the larger control of the cutting amount, the multi-port allows the tool to be step-by-step.
2. Import/Export elongated or shortened tool trajectory before entry/exit position change without additional geometry, which helps us to control machining compensation and enable short time programming of fixed machining contours. Becomes possible.
Although the forming and cutting of such gears are generally performed using a dividing head on a universal milling machine, the machining process is slow and requires skilled workers and operators. The tool is mounted on the shank shaft, using a dividing head to rotate (cut teeth) and indicate the gear blank. The table is set at a helix angle of 35 degrees, and the indexing head should also be adapted to the longitudinal screw of the table so that the gear blank can be rotated
longitudinally. For the method provided above, we used an AC motor connected to a worm gearbox. The worm gearbox is used to reduce the output speed of the AC motor and set the angle between the conical surfaces of the tooth segments to the helix angle.
As long as the synchronism between the tool trajectory programming and the rotary motion of the output shaft of the worm gearbox meets the requirements, the mechatronic system can control four axes at the same time (one axis is used for rotary motion of the table, and three axes are used for tool cutting. movement).
At the same time, we use ladder diagrams and general programming languages to operate PLCs in mechatronic systems. Based on the ladder diagram, the PLC operation steps are as follows:
The first step is to read the external input signal, such as the address of the sensor and rotary encoder.
The second step, based on the input signal value in the first step, calculates the output signal and sends it to the inverter (inverter) to drive the AC motor forward or reverse the rotation of the motor by a certain angle (pitch) ). While configuring the CNC milling machine, all system procedures are completed in the following five stages:
In the first stage, the forming knife reaches the first proximity sensor. Once the sensor detects the forming knife, it sends a +5V signal to the PLC. As mentioned before, the PLC receives the signal and sends an
output signal to the inverter to drive the motor. turn.
In the second stage, the rotating workpiece is machined with a forming tool in the tool path created in Mastercam. In the third stage, the tool reaches the second proximity sensor. The sensor transmits the second signal to the PLC by detecting the tool, and the PLC receives and sends a stop command to the inverter.
Stage 4 The cutter retracts from the stopped workpiece and returns to the starting position. At the same time, the inverter drives the motor in reverse until the output shaft returns to the first station. In this position, the receiver of the photosensor can receive transmission light through the longitudinal crack of the output shaft.
Stage 5 Repeat one to four stages until the first interdental cutting is completed. The PLC counts the number of times the above four phases are run until the preset number of times in the machining program is reached. Then, the PLC sends a signal to the inverter to indicate that the gear blank has reached the machining diameter size, and then repeats all the above stages. The machining diameter is determined by a rotary encoder with 1024 pulses/revolution.
In the advantageous embodiment of this innovative processing method, processing time is one of the main concerns. For example, it takes only 2 minutes to finish machining one tooth. In comparison, it takes more than half an hour to process the same tooth using traditional
methods.
In this innovative and far-reaching demonstration of manual cutting, the instantaneous angular compensation of the cutting head is set immediately before the end of the jump sequence.
4 Processing Strategy
The workpiece is made of wood, and the blank is pre-processed into a cone shape (top cone angle) by turning. The No. 5 standard knife used for the experiment was mounted on the spindle of the machine tool, and the gear blank was mounted on the output shaft of the worm gearbox. Subsequently, the tool feeds the center of the gear blank to achieve the required tooth depth (around 30 machining programs to avoid the occurrence of defective products). After machining, one tooth is removed and the knife is retracted; according to the compiled program, the gear blank is guided by the AC motor and then the next tooth is cut.
5 Conclusion
In this paper, we try to use a three-axis CNC milling machine to process helical bevel gears by forming milling. In order to achieve this goal, we studied the cutting step and tool path algorithm for CAD/CAM molds. Using complex mathematical procedures, all pre-work is closely related to design, and does not rely on empirical processing theory. Fundamentally speaking, forming cutting is simple and flexible for machining gears. The equipment and tools required are relatively simple
and inexpensive, and a standard CNC milling machine is sufficient. Thus, no skilled operator is required to create a processing system. Compared with the conventional method of processing gears using a professional machine tool, the machining method used in this paper is used to process various specifications of helical bevel gears or other types of gears, and it is also easy to improve. Compared with manual cutting, this method is fully automatic, because all processing parameters are obtained through the computer module. This processing concept is also a versatile system (using mechatronics and CNC systems) and will continue to grow.
中文译文
PLC 模块控制回转工作台在三轴数控铣床铣削螺旋伞齿轮中的应用
摘要
当今, 数控机床在机电一体化领域中得到了日益广泛的应用。机械、电气和数据处理系统与数控技术相结合, 引领了新的生产加工理念。近年来, 数控技术的发展已将非线性校正技术在切削弧齿锥齿轮中的应用变为可能。在本文中, 我们将尝试采用带有外加PLC 模块分度台的三轴数控铣床, 运用带有索引工作界面的通用铣床的传统连续多重切削方法来加工制造出这个螺旋伞齿轮。该研究包括(a)弧齿锥齿轮的几何建模, (b)运用CAD/CAE系统进行传统或新型非传统方案的模拟仿真, (c)数控加工工艺的设计与PLC 编程,
(d)通过三轴数控铣床的实验切削来探索新方案的正确性。结果表明, 开发的螺旋伞齿轮实验切削方案不仅与先进数控加工相比成本更低,而且相比传统切削,加工齿轮的时间也较短。因此,在螺旋伞齿轮加工领域,这是一个很经济的方案。
关键词: 齿轮加工,螺旋伞齿轮, CAD/CAM/CAE,数控技术, PLC ,交流电动机,逆变,接近传感器,光电传感器,旋转编码器
1 引言
齿轮是工业机械领域中重要的精密机构, 在平行轴、横向交叉或非交叉轴之间用于传递机械功率和机械运动。虽然有时会看不见, 但齿轮仍是我们工业文明中最重要的机械元件之一。在各式各样的条件下, 齿轮会以几乎达到无限的速率运转。得到发展的齿轮加工设备与工艺流程已经非常先进与成熟。无论大批量生产还是小批量生产, 无论在小型车间还是分批处理的加工车间, 加工齿轮的流程按顺序都需要以下四步操作:
(1)下料
(2)切齿
(3)热处理
(4)研磨
根据它们的类型、应用范围及强度和刚度要求,通常经过铸造、挤压、锻造、粉末冶金、注塑加工和滚齿加工来完成齿轮的加工制造。在这一系列加工流程中, 螺旋伞齿轮是最复杂的一种齿轮,在成角度的横轴之间,它用来传递回转运动。沿齿长方向, 螺旋伞齿轮有径
向弯曲的齿廓曲线。这类齿轮之所以能够保证与配合齿轮有光滑的啮合, 主要是因为它们有胜过直齿轮的曲型齿廓, 这样它们同一时间接触并啮合的齿数会更多。螺旋伞齿轮的设计与制造仍然是一个热门的研究课题, 在直升机运输齿轮系、摩托车齿轮减速器及其他工业分支中都得到十分重要的应用。对于制造而言, 这种齿轮通常由一种特殊机床加工而成, 如滚齿机、成型机。目前,基于轮齿加工的特种数控加工机床已运用于工业实践中。这也许就是轮齿加工的相关文献在公开的研究领域稀少的原因所在。最近, 基于齿轮加工的数控加工机床已得到长足发展并逐渐运用于工业实践。然而, 它们的运动结构与工业数控铣床还是有着内在的差异,前者是为一种特种刀具而设计的。先前对齿轮的研究主要涉及齿轮的设计和分析。在对其几何特征与设计参数进行研究的同时, Tsai 和Chin 基于切面方向上的齿轮传动和渐开线齿轮几何学, 提供了一个关于锥齿(直齿轮、螺旋伞齿轮)的数学曲面模型。后来,这个方案与A-daccak 等人和Shunmugan等人基于精密球面渐开线的齿轮曲面模型进行了比较,从而得出了一个截然不同的模型。依据标称偏差,其精确度(相比运用特种机床加工的螺旋伞齿轮)得到了验证。
对于冠齿轮,一些结论是可行的。Litvin 和Kim 通过改良直齿轮的基圆提出了运用范成法获得渐开曲线。运用斜齿轮传动误差的修正测定值, Umeyama 在节圆上设计了一个标准剖面, 在面齿轮的上下表面设计了一个改良剖面。Tamura等人对采用平面齿形的锥齿轮研究得出了一个点接触模型。这些研究都与专为加工齿轮而特殊设
计的那些特种齿轮加工机床(如滚齿机、成型机) 返程齿剖面有关。Suh 等人对螺旋伞齿轮加工的雕刻面加工方法的可行性做了研究,并验证了运用带有回转摆动升降台的四轴数控铣床生成加工轨迹的可能性。同时, 一种螺旋伞齿轮基于模型的验证法也得以提出。
在本文中, 对于螺旋伞齿轮我们将尝试采用一种新的加工流程, 加工时运用带有可用于控制分度台的PLC 模块的三轴铣床。很明显,这种加工方法的生产率不及特种加工机床。可除了生产率,这种加工方法的优点有以下几个方面:(1)传统加工方法需要消耗大量投资成本来获得各种特种机床, 所选用刀具加工的齿轮种类、尺寸和几何形状也非常有限; (2)运用这种新的加工方法,各种类型的齿轮都可通过工业三轴数控铣床加工而成; (3)相比运用特种加工机床,采用该方法加工更为经济。一个不同于先前的工作重点是, 为了模拟全部加工过程并获得加工参数, 需要开发自动计算机模型。所有先前的研究都在计算复杂的数学方程组和设计几何模型。鉴于上述情况, 我们的重点在于螺旋伞齿轮的加工实验检验, 而不在于提供螺旋伞齿轮的几何或数学模型。这是第一次同时运用机电一体化机床和数控铣床来加工特殊齿轮,甚至一个机械元件。
2 螺旋伞齿轮的几何规格
通常, 一个齿轮的几何参数都由工程图给出。对于定义其几何形状而言, 有些参数(主要参数)是必须有的。为此,我们采用名为“ GearTrax ”的驱动元件开发软件来算得这些主要参数。
螺旋伞齿轮的设计要求高精度的数学计算, 并且生产这种齿轮
传动机构不仅需要高质量的设备和加工此类齿轮传动机构的机床, 而且还需要拓展适当的机床参数设置。这样的设置虽然不合乎标准, 但也需要由能够保证符合高质量齿轮传动要求的每种情况的设计(根据齿轮传动的几何参数和展成工具)来确定。
3 加工螺旋伞齿轮
由引言中的讨论, 我们知道所有类型的齿轮都能通过加工手法来获得所需要的所有规格, 其中高精度齿轮的加工手法仍然非常卓越的。成型铣削是加工任意类型齿轮的最常见的加工工序。所使用的道具都具有类似相邻轮齿间隙的相同形状。标准刀具通常用于齿轮的成型切削。在美国, 这些刀具的每个径节都是原来的8倍,用于加工标准表上指示的多齿齿轮。格利森公司基于为补充冠齿轮范成原理而产生的锥齿轮范成的普遍概念:相互啮合的大小齿轮可分别考虑, 运用了表面滚齿的加工手法。
范成的冠齿轮可考虑为螺旋角为90度的特殊斜齿轮。因此, 出现了“形齿轮” 这个通用术语。当已生成的大小齿轮的配合吃面共轭时, 可以考虑对范成冠齿轮的概念进行补充。在实践中, 为了使失配的轮齿表面得以匹配, 形齿轮的大小齿可能互不相同。形齿轮的旋转由戟齿轮上的摇架旋转体现。
用三轴数控铣床加工螺旋伞齿轮,我们首先应该对开发的CAD/CAM系统的几何建模和仿真模块尽享程序测试。运用商业软件Solidworks 创建CAD 模型和MSC 。运用Visual NASTRAN 4D 软件(运用3D 模型的CAE 机械运动分析系统)模拟齿轮加工并得
到分析结果。
对于机床的结构而言, 很明显, 螺旋伞齿轮的数控机床上, 工件的回转运动史必要的。基于其切削的性能分析, 通过一步安装, 螺旋伞齿轮的数控加工至少也可达到四轴控制的要求。因此, 对于三轴铣床具备回转工作台是必要的。成型切削或成型铣削都会在测试中用到。刀具从齿轮毛坯中心想要得到的齿高径向进给, 然后穿过齿面, 而回转工作台绕其中心旋转工件来获得所需的齿宽。当加工完成一个齿间时,刀具后退,分度头指示齿轮毛坯,继续切削下一个齿间。从根本上说, 这种方法是一种简易而灵活的螺旋伞齿轮加工方法。所需的设备和刀具都相对简单,并且只运用标准三轴数控铣床。然而,防止出现任何的工件损坏, 就每一工步为短程的刀具进给而言,我们有必要做到谨慎考虑。
我们在GearTrax 环境下创建螺旋伞齿轮用以模拟操作工序并估算一些加工参数,如端铣刀的原始高度、接近传感器的位置、电动机转矩、电动机转速及转动频率。例如, 在Solidworks 环境下, 端铣刀与螺旋伞齿轮的齿顶间距为14.7mm , 这是我们沿Z 轴用来垂直定位主轴的。
同时,根据我们使用的CAE 系统所提供的图形报告,电动机的角速度和转矩分别为1rpm 和48Nm 。
Mastercam 是一种可以生成刀具加工轨迹的机械专业软件。根据齿轮的总深度和表面宽度,在我们的切削程序中可设计出加工轮廓线为矩形的刀具轨迹。其它加工参数和刀具的规格也应录入软件的刀
具轨迹菜单。在加工轮廓线窗口,我们要用到以下两个选项:
1、考虑到对切削量的较大控制,在多通道口允许刀具多工步进给。
2、在没有额外的几何尺寸条件下,在入口/出口位置变动之前,导入/导出拉长的或缩短的刀具轨迹, 这样有助于我们控制加工补偿, 并能使短时间编制固定加工轮廓线变为可能。
虽然这种齿轮的成型切削一般运用万能铣床上的分度头来完成, 但其加工过程缓慢并需要技术熟练的工人师傅和操作者。刀具安装在刀柄轴上, 运用分度头来旋转(切削轮齿)并指示齿轮毛坯。工作台设置在螺旋角为35度的角度上,并且分度头也应与工作台的纵向丝杠相适应,以便使齿轮毛坯得以纵向回转运动。针对上述提供的方法,我们采用了连接了蜗轮蜗杆变速箱的交流电动机。蜗轮蜗杆变速箱用来减小交流电动机的输出速度, 并将齿线也节圆锥面间的角度设置为螺旋角大小。
只要刀具轨迹编制与蜗轮蜗杆变速箱输出轴的旋转运动间的同步性达到要求, 机电一体化系统便可同时控制四根轴(一轴用于工作台的回转运动, 三轴用于刀具的切削运动)。
同时,在机电一体化系统中我们运用梯形图和通用编程语言来操作PLC 。基于梯形图, PLC 的操作步骤如下:
第一步读取外部输入信号,例如传感器与旋转编码器的地址。
第二步根据第一步中的输入信号值, 计算输出信号并将其传送给变频器(反相器) , 从而驱动交流电动机正反转或通过旋转编码
器使电动机旋转一定的角度(齿距)。配置数控铣床的同时,所有系统的程序按以下五个阶段完成:
第一阶段成型刀抵达第一个接近传感器,传感器一旦检测到成型刀,就向PLC 发送一个+5V的信号,正如前面提到的, PLC 接收信号并向变频器发送一个输出信号来驱动电动机正转。
第二阶段以Mastercam中生成的刀具加工轨迹用成型刀加工旋转的工件。第三阶段刀具抵达第二个接近传感器, 传感器通过检测刀具来向PLC 传送第二个信号,同时PLC 接收并向变频器发送一个停止指令。
第四阶段铣刀从停止的工件退刀并回到起始位置。同时,变频器驱动电动机反转直到输出轴回到第一工位, 在这个位置, 光电传感器的接收器可可通过输出轴的纵向裂纹接收传输光线。
第五阶段重复一至四阶段直到第一个齿间切削完成。PLC 根据运行上述四阶段的次数计数直到达到加工程序中的预设次数。然后, PLC 向变频器发送信号指示齿轮毛坯达到加工直径尺寸,接着上述所有阶段重复运行。加工直径由1024脉/转的旋转编码器测定。
在本次创新的加工方法的有利体现里, 加工时间是主要关注的指标之一。例如,加工完成一个齿间只需2分钟。相比较,运用传统方法加工同样的齿间需要花费半个多小时。
在本次创新关于手工切削的深远有利体现里, 切削刀头的瞬间角度补偿是在跳转程序结束之前立即设置的。
4 加工策略