高空抛物致人损害论文：高空抛物侵权责任研究

高空抛物致人损害论文：高空抛物侵权责任研究

【中文摘要】随着我国经济的发展,城市化的兴盛,高层建筑的增多,高空抛物致人损害的侵权案件也时有发生。我国在《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》正式颁布以前,并没有对高空抛物致人损害侵权案件作出具体明确的针对性立法规定,在现实的司法实践中类推适用其他类似的法律制度,导致相类似的案件情形却有大相径庭的判决结果,严重危害了法律的统一性和权威性。因此,《侵权责任法》第87条规定的颁布,对高空抛物的司法判决有着重要的价值,为此类侵权案件

的处理提供了法律依据和准则。但我们也要清醒地认识到,任何事物都有其两面性,在具有不可忽视的价值之外,仍存在着自身的缺陷和

不足。尽管第87条已作出了明确的法律规定,但理论界对此仍有诸多纷争,并且在具体的司法实践中存在有诸多的实施困难。因此,本文的就是通过对《侵权责任法》第87条进行深入的剖析,分析其所具有的价值及缺陷,并在此基础上提出笔者的观点,以及对高空抛物侵权责

任承担的立法建议。本文除引言与结语之外,分为以下五个部分。第一部分笔者分析了高空抛物致人损害侵权责任的理论基础,从侵权行为与侵权责任两个方面进行分别论述,在论证的过程中运用了民法的基本理念和法的逻辑学,得出高空抛物侵权行为属于一般侵权行为的范畴,而侵权行为人不明的高空抛物行为仅是其一个特殊的行为类型。此外,笔者从权利、义务、责任的角度出发,提出受害人的权利受损理应获得法律的救济,而侵权行为人、物业管理人、国家作为义务

的承担者,面对侵权行为的发生,也应当承担相应的民事责任。第二部分笔者介绍了高空抛物侵权行为的涵义、特征以及构成要件,作为一类特殊的高空抛物侵权行为,加害人不明是其最大的特点和难点。笔者分析了第87条所界定的高空抛物侵权行为所具有的构成要件,并对其各个构成要件提出了笔者自己的观点。第三部分笔者对《侵权责任法》第87条的理论依据进行了较为详尽的分析。关于第87条施行的依据,笔者从其与价值两方面进行分析。第87条贯穿了民法以人为本的基本理念,并且有相应的价值,其立法规定以保护受害人的权益为根本,而且理论界有很多观点为其与价值提供了理论依据。这些理论依据的典型代表有王利明教授的分担责任说和杨立新教授的连带责任说。此外,作者也简要分析了我国与外国关于高空抛物侵权行为的立法规定,并进行了相应的比较法分析。第四部分笔者对《侵权责任法》第87条提出了评析。笔者对第87条与第85条进行条文比较,得出两个法律条文规定互相抵触的结论,对第87条提出了立法建议,并且笔者认为第87条所依据的相关理论,还远不能支持由所有可能的加害业主承担连带责任的做法,并提出了自己的见解和看法。笔者认为第87条不能在具体的司法实践中体现其立法的和价值,并造成危害性的后果,影响社会的公共安全与和谐稳定,其条文本身有着不可避免的缺陷和不足。第五部分笔者对高空抛物致人损害侵权行为的责任承担提出了立法建议。对受害人的救济应当着眼于责任承担机制和风险分散机制。责任承担机制属于法律解决纠纷的范畴,分为受害人自己承担、物业管理人承担和国家替代责任三个方面,风险分散机

制则属于社会救济体系范畴,分为保险救济和社会救助基金两个方面。通过对这些解决机制的分别分析,笔者认为社会救助基金不失为一个更为合理的选择。

【英文摘要】As the society develops, urbanization pace accelerate and high-rise dwelling house increases, the event caused by throwing objects form the high building to injure somebody occurs frequently. Under the condition of having unclear stipulation in legislation, in judicial practice, the judge of different courts have brought about chaos in the application of relevance law, which makes throwing liability from the building to injure somebody becoming the topic of disputes of every field in the society. There is complicated dispute about the throwing liability form the building that affects judicial practices and authority in the theoretical field. Therefore, “Tort Liability Low”enacted under Article 87, has important judicial decisions on the upper parabolic, and provides a legal basis and guidelines for the treatment of the infringement cases. However, we must clearly understand that everything has two sides, there are still its own shortcomings in addition to the value can not be ignored. Although Article 87 has made a clear legal provisions, but theorists still have many disputes, and practical has many

difficulties in particular judicial practice. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis on “Tort Liability Low” the 87th analysis the value and its defect, and puts forward the views of the author. This article divided into five parts.The first part, the author analyzed the theoretical basis of tort liability of throwing rubbish form upstairs, discussed from the two aspects of tort and tort liability. this thesis demonstrates respectively in the process of the basic idea of using the method of civil law and the logic, it is concluded that aerial parabolic tort belongs to the category of general infringement, and unknown injuring person aerial parabolic behavior is only a particular behavior type. In addition, the author puts forward the victim of damaged deserved laws from the rights, obligations and responsibilities from the angle of the right, while injuring person, property manager, national as the undertaker that is faced with the obligation of tort shall bear the corresponding civil liabilities.The second part, the author describes the meaning, features and constituent elements of throwing rubbish form upstairs, as a special kind of throwing rubbish form upstairs infringement offender, its greatest feature and difficult is the person causing the injury is unknown. The author analyzes the meaning of section 87 of

throwing rubbish form upstairs, at the same time, the author puts forward his own ideas to the various elements proposes.The third part, the author has a more detailed analysis on the theoretical basis of “Tort Liability Act” article 87. The author will be analyzed from the two aspects of its purposes and value. The 87th runs through the civil law of the basic idea of human-oriented and has corresponding value, its legislative provisions to protect the victim’s rights as a fundamental purpose, and the theory circle has many ideas for its purpose and value, which provides theoretical basis. The typical representative of the theoretical basis has the responsibility of sharing by Professor Liming Wang and the joint liability by Lixin Yang. The author briefly analyzes the legislative requirements of the throwing rubbish form upstairs between China and foreign. After that this paper further tells the differences between other similar systems. The provisions about this aspect between Chinese civil law and foreign similar systems are compared.The fourth part, the author takes comments on “Tort Liability Low” article 87. The author compares article 87 with article 85 and draws two laws conflicting with each other, the author puts forward the article 87 legislative suggestions, the author thinks that the first 87 related theory

isn’t far from supporting all the possible harm by the owner which shall be jointly and is severally liable for practice, and the author puts forward his own opinions and views. The author thinks that the first article 87 cannot reflect its legislative purpose and value in judicial practice, and it causes the harmfulness consequences, influences social public security and harmonious stability, the article itself has inevitable defects and inadequate.The fifth part the author put forward legislative proposals on the liability of throwing rubbish form upstairs. To the victim relief should focus on the responsibility mechanism and risk scattered mechanism. The responsibility of the legal dispute mechanism belongs to the category, it is divided into the victim category, property manager bear and national alternative responsibility three aspects, however, risk scattered belongs to the social relief system mechanism, it is divided into insurance relief and category of social assistance funds two aspects. Based on the analysis of these resolution mechanisms respectively, the author thinks that social assistance funds can be regarded as a more reasonable choice.

【关键词】高空抛物致人损害侵权责任社会救助基金

【英文关键词】the personal damage caused by throwing

objects tort liability social assistance fund 【目录】高空抛物侵权责任研究摘要

4-6Abstract6-8 1 引言11-14 1.1 选题背景及意义11-12 1.2 国内外文献综述12 1.3 研究方法及主要研究内容12-13 1.4 创新点及不足13-14 2 侵权责任的理论基础14-17 2.1 侵权行为14-16 2.2 侵权责任16-17 3 高空抛物侵权行为17-21 3.1 高空抛物侵权行为的涵义及其特征17-18 3.2 高空抛物侵权行为的一般构成要件18-21 3.2.1 加害行为18 3.2.2 损害后果18 3.2.3 因果关系18-19 3.2.4 行为人没有免责事由19-21 4 《侵权责任法》第87条规定的理论依据

21-31 4.1 第87条适用的依据21-26 4.1.1 第87条的目的及价值21-23 4.1.2 第87条的理论依据

23-26 4.2 高空抛物侵权责任的比较法分析

26-31 4.2.1 国外关于高空抛物侵权行为的相关规定

26-29 4.2.2 我国关于高空抛物侵权行为的相关立法

29-31 5 对《侵权责任法》第87条的评析31-35 5.1 《侵权责任法》第87条与第85条的比较31-32 5.2 对《侵权责任法》第87条赞成理论的批判32-35 6 对高空抛物受害人的救济35-49 6.1 责任承担35-42 6.1.1 自担损失说35-37 6.1.2 物业管理人承担责任的理论37-38 6.1.3 国家替代责任的理论38-42 6.2 风险分散机制

42-49 6.2.1 保险救济的理论42-43 6.2.2 社会保障说43-44 6.2.3 社会救助基金的理论44-49结语

49-50参考文献50-51致谢51-52个人简历、在学期间发表的学术论文及研究成果52