翻译课讲义(6)

作业讲评：

我这次回乡下老家，却发现如今的乡村女孩子又有了新的生活。种地的时间用不了那么多。她们都在想着门路挣钱。我那村的女孩子，有一部分到村西的砖瓦窑厂出苦力，干些拉大板、码架之类的活；有一部分到私人或集体办的饼干厂上班；还有一部分到铸造厂打模子，一天都能挣二十多元钱。清早一块骑自行车去上班，到晚上又一块骑自行车回村，说说笑笑，像一群喜鹊，叫人好羡慕她们啊。她们的生活方式正极快地向城里姑娘们靠近。手中有钱，便买高档的衣服、高档的皮鞋、高档的化妆品，有条件的，自行车不想骑了，干脆就买一辆木兰。而对嫁妆的选择和购买，更形成了这些乡村女孩子显示自己和证实自己价值的一种重要形式。

On a recent visit to my native village, I found that the country girls were experiencing a new way of life. Since less time was to spent in the fields, they were trying new ways to earn money.

Some girls toiled in the brick and tile kiln in the west of the village, pulling flatbed carts, or piling bricks and tiles for baking. Some worked in the privately or collectively-run biscuit factory. Others were employed in the foundry, making moulds. They could earn over 20 yuan per day. Early in the morning they went to work and came home in the evening by bike, chatting and chuckling all the way like a flock of magpies, envy of all the onlookers. Their way of life was more and more like

that of urban girls. With the extra money they could afford expensive dresses, leather shoes,

cosmetics and other high-grade commodities. For those who were better off, bicycles are replaced with motorcycles What was more, the choice of dowry had become an important means of

displaying themselves and proving their values

Some language points from the target text:

sport (verb): to wear or be decorated with something

1.Back in the 1960s he sported bell-bottom trousers, platform heels and hair down past his

shoulders.

2.he was sporting a huge handlebar moustache( 八字胡).

3. The front of the car sported a German flag.

4.The children sported in the water. (play)

house (verb): to give a person or animal a place to live, or to provide space for something

1. It will be difficult to house all the refugees.

2. The museum houses the biggest collection of antique toys in Europe.

3.The radar is housed in a pad (box) under the engine.

4.They converted a disused cinema to house 12 employees.

因此，从龙船下水的早晚，可以看出各寨的农事生产进度。So the time of the appearance of the boats on the river is an indication of the phase of the villagers’ farm work.

英汉语对比（10个方面）

1．综合语(synthetic)VS分析语(analytic)

综合语特点：词形变化来表达语法关系(parts of speech, gender, number, case, person, tense,

aspect, voice, mood, non-finite verbs)

分析语特点：词序变化+语气助词来表达语法关系

英语是综合语+分析语，汉语是典型的分析语

1.1．inflectional vs. non-inflectional

He moved astonishingly fast.

He moved with astonishing rapidity.

His movements were astonishingly rapid.

His rapid movement astonished us.

His movements astonished us by their rapidity.

The rapidity of his movements was astonishing.

The rapidity with which he moved astonished us.

He astonished us by moving rapidly.

He astonished us by his rapid movement.

He astonished us by the rapidity of his movements.

他的行动快得惊人。

他行动的速度快得令人惊讶。

他行动速度之快，令人惊讶。

他的快速行动使我们感到惊讶。

我们对他的快速行动感到惊讶。

1.2 word order: flexible vs. inflexible

Not a finger did I lay on him.

Come you, everybody!

What in the world do you mean?

Under no circomsdances should a girl do such a thing.

故事—事故，儿女—女儿，工人—人工，人名—名人，狗咬人—人咬狗；但是：我想死你们了=你们想死我了

（1）Category two contains only four items, and （2）I shall say no more about them except that （3）since they are under consideration, （4）we should not let the grass grow under feet, but attempt, as early as possible, to arrive at a common understanding （5）in the interest of humanity. 第二类只包括四项内容，而且都已在审议之中。为了人类的利益，我们应该不失时机，力图尽快达成共识。除此之外，别的我就不多说了。（1，3，5，4，2）

1.3. use of function words

She was with a child.

She was with child.

He is on his way to school.

He is on his way to the school.

Please take a chair.

He took the chair today.

I have lived here for more than a year. （不到两年）

I have lived here for more than one year. （两年以上）

他去了北京。

他去过北京。

你好。

你好吗？

1.4. intonation vs. tone

作业：

（Continued）But life is not worth anything if he is not kept busy. From morning till night he toils and works on some scheme which will meet a social need or solve a social problem. He may

talk to you as if he were a pessimist beyond redemption, but his own activities are always

prompted by unblenching idealism. As a matter of fact, he is today a hard worker who does not get paid for it. In Peiping or in Shanghai he is the most effective public citizen wherever he is found.

He cannot be said to be rich or even well-to-do, but he is most lavish in digging into his own

pocket in order to induce a millionaire to make a contribution to a worthy cause.(to be continued) 1．I hope you won’t mind when …词序需作调整；

2．When I go without you for a nice chat …单独去（独自）…

3．but you cannot take the place of other friends any more than they do yours (take your place) paraphrase: Just as they can not take the place of you, so you cannot take the place of other

friends.你不能代替我其他朋友，正如他们也不能代替你一样。

同样句型举例：

I'm never more aware of the limitations of language than when I try to describe beauty. Language can create its own loveliness, of course, but it cannot deliver to us the radiance we apprehend in the world, any more than a photograph can capture the stunning swiftness of a hawk or the

withering power of a supernova.

直到用语言描绘美，我才深感语言的贫乏与无奈。当然，语言也可以创造自己的美。

但世界上我们所感受到的美是不可言传的，正如相片无法捕捉到雄鹰那令人惊叹的敏捷或超新星发出的巨大力量一样。

4．just as I do yours =just as I need your care, encouragement and sobering criticism 5．A starless sky with a solitary moon would be dull and cheerless, why not let there be a moonlit night resplendent with twinkling stars?

只有月亮高悬而没有星星点缀的天空是多么冷清和没有生气，为什么不能有一个群星闪耀、月光皎洁、二者交相辉映的灿烂夜空呢？

6．start packing: 整装待发

7．mysteries and wonders of the world miles away beyond the mountains：群山之外遥远世界的种种奥秘与神奇

8．let me have a chance to explore “Alice’s Wonderland” as a “lone ranger”请让我有机会以“独行侠”的身份去探索我的“爱丽丝仙境”

9．with exotic experiences and fresh insights：带着奇异的经历和新的领悟

some difficult language points from the source text::

1.rival (verb): to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else

No computer can rival a human brain for/in complexity.

The beauty of the country is only rivalled by (= is equal to) the violence of its politics.

2.tear (verb): informal to move very quickly in a reckless or excited manner

He went tearing along the road after the bus.

3.easy-going (adjective):relaxed and not easily upset or worried

an easy-going attitude/manner

a friendly, easy-going type of guy

4.put in:

A.to devote time or effort to something （花时间、力气）

B.(of a boat or ship) to stop at a harbor (船只) 入港

长句翻译：分译

“消化”与“汉化”：英语长句翻译之道

单词的分译：副词：surprisingly, illogically, justifiably, internationally, profitably, unexpectedly,…1．Admittedly, this is no easy task.

2. The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how the rainbow was formed.

古人试图解释虹是如何形成的，但是没有成功。

They relentlessly tear at the flowers they see.

他们见花就摘，毫不爱惜。

3.I had unforgivably, in a stealthy manner, peeped at her correspondence.

我偷偷摸摸地看了他的信，这实在是难以宽恕的行为。

4.The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation.

如果当初把时间花在作一番详细的调查上，收获就会更大。

某些形容词也要分译：

5.They showed us a terrifying film about flash-flooding.

他们给我们放过一场顷刻暴雨成灾的电影，情景非常可怕。

6.He spoke with understandable pride of the breakthrough in astronomy in China.

7. He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.

他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机成熟了。

名词的分译：

1.…that little pink-faced chit Amelia with not half my sense, has ten thousand pounds and an

establishment secure, …

爱米丽亚那粉红脸儿的小不点儿，还没有我一半聪明，却有一万镑财产，住宅家具奴仆一应俱全。

2. The price limits its production.

它价格昂贵，限制了批量生产。

短语的分译：

3.With you with me, I would not feel lonely.

只要你同我在一起，我就不会感到孤独。

4.For all her age, the old lady can move swiftly.

尽管这老太太年纪大了，动作还是挺敏捷。

5. Their power increased with their number.

他们人数增多了，力量也随之增强了。

6. To convert renminbi to any other currency, you can go to the bank of China.

如果你要把人民币换成其他币种，可以去中国银行办理。

7. He was at this time in his late fifties, a tall, elegant man with good features and thick waving

dark hair only sufficiently graying to add to the distinction of his appearance.

他这时已是将近六旬的人，高个子，一表人才，眉目清秀，卷发又多又黑，略带花白，恰好衬出他那堂堂的仪表。

句子的分译：

1．Why nature should conform to theories we find beautiful is far from clear.

大自然为什么同我们觉得美的理论相一致，这一点还远不清楚。

2．I stare at that screen through lenses that obey the laws of optics first worked out in detail by Isaac Newton.

我透过镜片注视着屏幕，而镜片是根据首次由牛顿创立的光学理论制成的。

3.Dale is a woman with a scalpel-sharp mind that has reduced to whimpering inconsistency the

bravest of unfriendly witnesses in many a Calusa courthouse.

戴尔是个才思敏捷的女人。在卡鲁萨法庭上，她曾多次弄得那些胆识过人而又不怀好意的证人们一个个哭哭啼啼，语无伦次。

4.Joanna’s smoldering gaze could reduce to steaming ashes the strongest of suitors for her

cherished father’s attention; she once grew extravagantly jealous of a twice-weekly cleaning

woman who was in her sixties, and about whom I made an unfortunate and idle comment to the effect that she was “a nice person”.

乔安娜希望父亲一心只专注于她。一旦有哪个追求者让她父亲有所心动，不管她多有能耐，乔安娜那嫉妒如火的眼神每每使她惟恐避之不及。有一位六十多岁的妇人受雇每周两次为我打扫房子，仅仅因为我一句无意间的评语，大意是这人“不错”，乔安娜便醋意大发，对她狠之入骨。

5．When Kunta got home with the massa well into one night a few months later, Bell was less irritated than concerned that they were both too tired to eat the good supper she’d prepared.

几个月后的一个晚上，昆塔和老爷深夜才回到家里。贝尔看到他们两人累得连她做好的美味晚餐都吃不下，心里的担心超过了气恼。

6．On behalf of all your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.

我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待。中国人民以这种盛情款待而闻名于世，真是当之无愧。

浪漫

一个小伙子暗恋着一个女孩。女孩是他的同事，他们在一个办公室工作。小伙子性格内向，不善言辞，他不知道如何向女孩表达他的爱慕之意。写情书罢，小伙子是学理工的，一直搞技术工作，满脑子的图形，就是没有一句有文采的话。至于直截了当告诉女孩说“我爱你”，小伙子更没有那胆量。这样的恋情应该说没有什么希望的了。事实上一年后他们结了婚。有人向小伙子讨教，他说：“我上班第一件事就是为她泡上一杯她喜欢的喝的绿茶。她胃不好，我经常备些胃药放在她桌上。一开始她不知道是我做的这些事情，时间长了就知道了。”我不知道，泡茶送药是否是一种浪漫。浪漫是没有定式的，或许那些实实在在的呵护和关爱才是真正的浪漫。

Romance

A boy secretly loved a girl, who was his colleage working in the same office. An introvert

and not good at talking, he didn’t know how to express his love to the girl. A love letter would work well, but he wasn’t able to come up with those ornate words, for he had been a science

student and his work had always been technical in nature and his mind was full of graphs and figures. A direct “I love you” was even beyond what he could think of doing. Such love was

destined to failure. However, they got married a year later. When asked by someone to disclose the mystery, the boy explained: “The first thing I did in the office everyday was to make a cup of green tea for her, which I knew she enjoyed. She had stomach trouble, so I would often buy some medicine and put it on her desk. At first she didn’t know it was I who did all this. By and by she got to know it. ” I don’t know if this tea-making and medicine-offering can be called “romance”.

Romance does not have fixed patterns, but tangible acts of affection and care are perhaps what it really means.

Some language points in the target text:

endowment

1.money that is given to a college or hospital, etc. in order to provide it with an income, or the

giving of this money

The school has received an endowment of ￡50 000 to buy new books for the library.

2 something that you have from birth, often a quality

There are tests which can establish a baby's genetic endowment

endow (verb)

to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college or hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it

The state of Michigan has endowed three institutes to do research for industry.

This hospital was endowed by the citizens of Strasbourg in the 16th century.

strain (verb)

1.to become stretched or to experience pressure, or to make something do or experience this

I've put on such a lot of weight recently - this dress is straining at the seams.

I strained a muscle in my back playing squash.

Don't watch TV in the dark - you'll strain your eyes!

figurative I really had to strain (= try very hard) to reach those top notes.

figurative I was straining (my ears) (= listening hard) to hear what they were saying.

翻译的单位问题

以词为单位

What is this?-------什么是这？短语为单位a girl in red……一个女孩穿红衣服

分句为单位Her mother died when she was only ten. 她母亲死了，当她只有十岁时

句子为单位I cannot call riches better than the baggage of virtue. (Francis Bacon)

1.笔者认为财富不过是德行的包袱

2.对于财富我叫不出更好的名字来，只能把它叫做“德行的行李”。

3.我把财富看作德行的累赘，除此之外，再也没有更合适的词来形容它。

语段为单位两个女孩子紧挨着走，走着，走着，林道静突然站住身，回过头，楞楞地对小陈说：“小陈，我不能上学了。……”说这话时，她的脸色异常苍白。

The two girls set out, one just in front of the other along a narrow path. They had walked for some time when Daojing, who was ahead, turned and stared fixedly at her companion. Her face was unusually white, “I have got to give up my studies,…”（消除歧义）

涉及让步状语从句的五类倒装

一、名词+as / though+主语+动词

King as he was, he was unhappy. 他虽是国王，但他并不幸福。

Child as he is, he knows to help others. 他虽是个孩子，但却知道帮助别人。

Teacher though he is, he can’t know everything. 他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。

【说明】其中的动词通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的名词是其后连系动词的表语。另外，要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较：

Boy as [though] he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though [Although] he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. 他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。

Strong man as [though] he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though [Although] he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波赛将军虽然坚强，但在过去的数周里也受到了严峻的考验。二、形容词+as / though+主语+动词

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。

Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。

Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 尽管听起来很愚蠢，我是如此爱她竟然相信了她的话。

Patient as he was，he didn’t like waiting that long. 他虽说有耐心，也不愿等这么长。Beautiful though the necklace was，we thought it was over-priced. 那条项链虽然很漂亮，我们认为价钱太高。

【说明】其中的动词也通常为连系动词，也就是说位于句首的形容词是其后连系动词的表语。

三、副词+as / though+主语+动词

Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。

Hard though they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。

Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in two days. 尽管你读得很快，你总不能在两天之内就读完这本书。

He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 尽管他做了努力，却未能取得很大进步。

【说明】有的词典将much as 作为习语看待，认为它是一个用以引导让步状语从句的复合连词。再如：

Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作为一名作家我很佩服他，但我却不喜欢他这个人。

Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 我尽管很喜欢你, 却不能和你在一起生活。

四、动词原形+as / though+主语+动词

Object as you may, I’ll go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。

Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 尽管他想方设法，却未解决这个问题。Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 无论怎样搜查，他们在房子里仍然没有找到一个人。

Dislike him as we may, we must acknowledge his greatness. 尽管我们不喜欢他，但必须承认他的伟大。

Lose money as I did, we got a lot of experience. 钱虽然丢了，我们却得到了许多经验。

Fail in the election as he did, he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 尽管落选了，但他却以其反对奴隶制的激烈演说而出了名。

【说明】主语后的动词通常为may, might, would, did 等情态动词或助动词(若表示情态意义，则选用情态动词；若陈述事实，则用did, do 等助动词)。

五、分词+as / though+主语+动词

Raining hard as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步。Surrounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward. 虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了。

Munching the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all John’s movements. 他尽管在一个劲地

嚼着苹果，但仍警惕着约翰的一举一动。

【三条补充说明】

1. 这类倒装的让步状语从句可用as, though 来引导，但不能用although来引导；但是，未倒装的让步状语从句则可用though, although来引导，而不能用as来引导。也就是说，although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，as引导让步状语从句时必须倒装，而though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装。如：

虽然很晚了，但我们还是继续工作。

正：Late as [though] it was, we still went on working. (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e317505424.html,)

正：Though [Although] it was late, we still went on working.

误：Late although it was, we still went on working.

误：As it was late, we still went on working.

2. 上面提到的倒装结构有时也可用来表示原因，区别的办法主要看句子的内容：让步从句的内容大多数与主句在意义上相反，而原因从句则与主句之间有因果关系。比较：

Tired as he was, he sat up late studying at night.他虽然很疲倦了，但还是学习到很晚才睡。(表让步)

Tired as he was, he went to bed early. 因为很累，所以他睡得很早。(表原因)

Young as he was, he was equal to the task. 他虽年轻，却能胜任这项工作。(表让步)

Young as he was, he was not equal to the task. 他因为年轻，所以不能胜任这项工作。(表原因) 3. 在美国英语中，人们通常用as…as引导让步状语从句。如：

Cold as it was, we went out.=As cold as it was, we went out. 尽管天气冷，我们还是出去了。Successful as he is, he is not proud.=As successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽成功了，但不骄傲

翻译的过程：理解与表达

John can be relied on; he eats no fish and plays the game.

I could not venture to approach her, or to communicate with her in writing, for my sense of the peril in which her life was passed was only to be equalled by my fear of increasing it.

我不敢去找她，也不敢和她通信，因为我一方面深知她的处境十分危险，一方面又深怕这样做会增加她的危险。

All that pictures or words can do is gesture beyond themselves toward the fleeting glory that stirs our hearts. So I keep gesturing.

参考译文：照片也好，文字也罢，要表达那种动人心魄、稍纵即逝的辉煌之美，充其量不过是“比划”一下而已！因而，我只好在这儿跟着“比划”下去了。

照片与文字所能做的，就是突破自身的局限，将我们引向那种令人怦然心动、稍纵即逝的美妙境界。因此，我也就笔耕不綴。

By giving us a taste of the kinship between our own small minds and the great Minds of the Cosmos, beauty reassures us that we are exactly and wonderfully made for life on this glorious planet, in this magnificent universe.

（美）唤起了渺小人类与浩瀚宇宙心灵间的亲缘感应。美使我们深信，如此绝妙天成的人类，原本就是为这煌煌星球、泱泱宇宙应运而生的。

A universe so prodigal of beauty may actually need us to notice and respond, may need our sharp eyes and brimming hearts and teeming minds, in order to close the circuit of Creation.

.一个流芳溢美的大千世界，兴许真要我们对她处处留意并做出回应，需要我们用敏锐的双

眼、充沛的情感、博大的心怀，去勾通人类与大自然的交流和循环，使之周而复始、生生不息。

This film is a dramatic treatment of a threatened stoppage in a factory.

A. 影片是对一家工厂的一场受到威胁的罢工的戏剧性处理。

B. 影片用戏剧的手法，表现一家工厂面临罢工威胁的情况。

He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. 他留下一封短信，对我表示欢迎；那信写得热情洋溢，一如其人。

She has beauty still, and, if it not be in his heyday, it is not yet in its autumn. (Dickens: Bleak House)她依然很美，如果不是芳华正茂，也还不到迟暮之年。

A new dignity crept into his walk. 他走起路来不觉平添了几分尊严。

1. Or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. （lesson 1, p3）

也可与学徒、脚夫一道坐进小饭店去吃那些不能登大雅之堂的面包和奶酪。（第一课，p3）

2．The japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. （lesson 2, p12）这儿的日本人似乎没有我这样的看法。（第二课，p21）

3．“if you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan.”（lesson 2, p16）

“如果你要写这个城市，别忘了写这里是日本最快乐的城市。”（第二课，p23）

4．The prospects of a good catch looked bleak. （lesson 3, p27）

满载而归的捕获却是痴心妄想。（第三课，p41）

5．With its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. （lesson 3, p28）使得更多的热量包裹在大气层中，进而导致地球变暖。（第三课，p42）

6．Which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard. （lesson 3, p31）这就意味着我们正把几千只我们从未听过的歌喉封杀掉。（第三课，p43）

7．Surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. （lesson 3, p36）

我们必须承担一种新的责任，明智地使用那种权利，并加以克制。（第三课，p45）8．The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations --- completely and simultaneously. （lesson 3, p38）

两个拥有核武器的大国突然间爆发的全面战争，其后果就有可能导致两个国家的毁灭----同时而又彻底地。（第三课，p46-47）

9．I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and policy lay. Nor indeed what to say. （lesson 5, p77）

对于我们的职责所在、政策所归，我没有半点犹豫；对我要发表的讲话也无半点的怀疑。（第五课，p98）

10．This is no time to moralize on the follies of conutries and governments which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, …（lesson 5, p81）

现在没有时间来教育那些已经被各个击破的愚蠢的国家和政府，（第五课，p100）11．My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you put that out. (Lesson 6, p91)

我丈夫和我都认为浓烟雾很讨厌，能行行好把它掐灭吗？（第六课，p119）

20. “Now then,” he said, “you two was in the hit-’n-run.” (Lesson 6, p93)

“现在呢，”他说道，“你们与开车肇事后逃逸有关。”（第六课，p120）