2020高考英语热点题型信息速递——长征五号B运载火箭

热点题型信息速递——长征五号B运载火箭拓展词汇

神舟七号Shenzhou V11（spacecraft）

载人飞船manned spaceship/spacecraft

载人航天manned space flight

多人多天太空飞行multi-manned and multi-day space flight

载人航天计划manned space program

航天飞机space shuttle

无人飞船unmanned spaceship/spacecraft

试验太空船Experimental Spacecraft

多级火箭multistage rocket

太空舱capsule

返回式卫星recoverable satellite

通信卫星communication satellite

遥感卫星remote sensing satellite

运载火箭carrier rocket; rocket, launcher

近地轨道1ow Earth orbit

调整轨道fine tune orbit

绕地球飞行orbit the earth

气象卫星weather satellite/meteorological satellite

太阳同步轨道卫星satellite in Sun-synchronous orbit

可步轨道卫星geosynchronous satellite

轨道舱orbital module

返回舱re-entry module

推进舱propelling module

指令舱command module

服务舱service module

登月舱1unar module

发射台launch pad

长征五号B运载火箭Long March-5B carrier rocket

中国载人航天工程办公室China Manned Space Engineering Office (CMSEO)

核心舱core module

实验舱experiment module

运载能力payload capacity

轨道orbit

专项训练

一、Two new satellites of BeiDou Navigation(导航) Satellite System (BDS) ①__________ (send) into space on a Long March-3B carrier rocket from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan Province, China at 2:07 a.m. on November 19, 2018. The satellites entered a Medium Earth orbit ②__________(safe) more than three hours later and will work with 17 other BDS-3 satellites already in space. They are also the 42nd and 43rd ③__________ (member) of the BDS satellite family.

China launched these satellites with ④__________aim of providing navigation services for countries and regions which participate in the Belt and Roa d Proposal by the end of 2018. “This is

a key step for BDS developing ⑤__________a Chinese experimental system to a regional and then a ⑥__________(globe) navigation system,” said Yang Changfeng, chief designer of the BeiDou system. The positioning ⑦__________(accurate) of the BDS-3 system has been improved to 2.5 meters to 5 meters, said Yang.

⑧__________(name) after the Chinese term for the Plough, the BeiDou system has been serving China for 18 years ⑨__________another six BDS-3 satellites will be put into the Medium Earth orbit from 2019 to 2020. The system is expected ⑩__________(provide)

first-class services around the globe by the end of 2020.

二、 Beijing—(13, July) China sent up a new data relay satellite(数据中继卫星), TianlianⅠ-02, on Monday at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in South-western Sichuan province. The new satellite will promote the country’s satellite communication network for space docking(对接).

The satellite was launched on a Long-March-3C carrier rocket at 11:41 p.m., sources at the centre told Xinhua News Agency. The satellite separated from the rocket 26 minutes after its launch and was then successfully delivered into a geostationary transfer orbit (地球同步转移轨道).

Developed by the China Academy of Space Technology under the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, the satellite is the country’s second data relay satellite. The first, Tianlian Ⅰ-01, was launched on April 25.2008.

The two satellites will form a netwo rk to improve communications between China’s spacecraft and bases on Earth, according to the centre. They will also be used to help the nation’s first space docking, scheduled for the second half of this year.

As planned, China will launch space module Tiangong-Ⅰ, which was designed as a platform that will dock with an unmanned spaceship, Shenzhou, for the county’s first space-docking mission this year. Two more Shenzhou spaceships will dock with Tiangong-Ⅰ next year, and one will be manned by two or three astronauts, according to China Manned Space Engineering Office, which was the main user of the Tianlian Ⅰ series data relay satellites.

“The new satellite can cover a greater area to track and command the country’s space vehicles

in low-Earth orbits, such as manned spacecraft and remote sensing satellites, from a higher position in outer space. Only three satellites of this kind are needed to form a global communication network, and China has two now.” Pang Zhihao, a researcher and deputy

editor-in-chief of Space International, said.

The satellite could also equip astronauts with real-time communications, which will benefit the country’s future manned space flights, he said.

1. What is the main purpose to send up TianlianⅠ-02?

A.To test the function of a Long-March-3C carrier rocket.

B.To carry some astronauts into space to do some research.

C.To send more information and clearer pictures to mobile phones on the earth.

D.To promote the country’s satellite communication network for space docking.

2. From the passage we know______.

A.one more such satellite is needed to form a global communication network

B.the satellite was developed by

C.hina Manned Space Engineering Office C.it was less than three years since China launched its first date relay satellite of this kind

D.the satellite could help track and command space vehicles in orbits because it’s lower in position

3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the news report?

A.Shenzhou Ⅷ is a manned spaceship.

B.Tiangong-I will dock with three Shenzhou spaceships next year.

C.the satellite is of great importance to China’s space exploration.

D.china’s first space docking will be done in the second half of next year.

4. The best title of the passage could be______.

A.China Launched a New Space Shuttle

B.China’s Plan for Space Exploration

C.China’s Progress in China’s Space Exploration

D.New Satellite Helps China’s Space Exploration

三、An exciting landing process of Chang'e-4 lunar probe (月球探测器) was seen through the monitor at Beijing Aerospace Control Center in Beijing, Jan. 3, 2019. It touched down on the far side of the moon at 10:26 a.m. Beijing Time, becoming the first spacecraft soft-landing on the moon's unknown side never visible from Earth.

China's Chang'e-4 probe has started the exploration on the far side of the moon thanks to the relay satellite that provides a communication link with ground control. The relay satellite, named Queqiao, meaning Magpie Bridge, after a Chinese legend (传说) , was launched on May 21, 2018, and became the first communication satellite operating in the halo orbit, nearly 500,000 km from the earth. It can also provide communication for probes from other countries. The relay satellite will also be used for scientific and technological experiments. The maximum distance between the satellite and the Chang'e-4 probe on the far side of the moon is 79,000 km. The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth.

The satellite can stay in its orbit for a long time due to its relatively low fuel consumption, as the earth's and moon's gravity balances its orbital moving. While in orbit, it can "see" both the earth and the far side of the moon.

The concept of using a relay satellite in the halo orbit was first put forward by U.S. space experts in the 1960s, but was realized by Chinese space engineers.

Researchers hope to use the cameras on the satellite to record asteroids (小行星) hitting the far side of the moon. To control the cost of the Chang'e-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small, weighing about 400 kg.

Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure. To promote public interest in space exploration, the China National Space Administration invited people to write down their wishes for lunar and space exploration, and the relay satellite carries the names of tens of thousands of participants and their messages.

1. What do we learn from the second paragraph?

A. The relay satellite was launched on Jan. 3, 2019.

B. Chang probe was the first communication satellite.

C. The relay satellite only explores the far side of the moon.

D. The relay satellite can handle data from probe.

2. Why was the size of the relay satellite relatively small?

A. To reduce the cost as much as possible.

B. To make it circle Moon for a longer time.

C. To avoid being crashed by other satellites.

D. To follow American space experts' advice.

3. What made researchers suffer from great stress?

A. Few people interested in the exploration on the moon.

B. The relay satellite carrying too much equipment.

C. Their lacking enough time to develop the relay satellite.

D. Peoples never being optimistic about the relay satellite.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A. China is a new space power after the USA.

B. Chang probe lands on Moons far side.

C. Chinese space engineers make much progress.

D. Space exploration is a dangerous challenge.

四、“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send m en and

women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”

Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.

Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.

Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.

It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.

Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? If new launch systems could put weight into

orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.

1. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mar s mission have in common?

A.Instant value.

B.Human inhabitance.

C.Venture cost.

D.Exploring spirit.

2. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that________.

A.its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.

B.American peopl e’s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implemented

C.great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in America

D.unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment

3.Which cannot be concluded from the passage?

A.Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.

B.A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.

C.Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration

D.The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader.

B.A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.

C.Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.

D.A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.

五、随着世界太空技术的发展,人类的太空梦不再是梦。但是也有人觉得耗费大量的人力和财力来研究和开发太空资源不切实,不如将这些人力和财力用来着重解决人类当前面临的重大问题,改善地球的生存环境。对此,你有何看法?

Developing Space technology, worthwhile or not?

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答案以及解析

一答案及解析：

答案：were sent; safely ; members ; the ; from ; global ; accuracy ; Named ; where ; to provide

解析：

1. were sent考查时态、语态和主谓—致。根据时间状语at 2：07 a.m. on November 19，2018 可知，本句要用一般过去时; send"发送"与句子主语Two new satellites of the

BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System (BDS) 是被动关系，要用—般过去时的被动语态; 且主语中心词是复数名词satellites.故谓语动词用复数形式。

2. safely考查副词。本空修饰句子的谓语动词entered，故要用副词safely"安全地"。注意：safe变副词时直接加-ly即可，切不可去掉词尾的e。

3. members考查名词的数。根据前面的"the 42nd and 43rd"可知，此处为复数概念，member"成员"是可数名词，故要用member的复数形式。

4. the考查冠词。with the aim of "目的是"为固定搭配，故填定冠词the。

5. from 考查介词。根据空后的"a Chinese experimental system to a regional... navigation system"可知，此处表示"从一个中国的试验件系统到地区性导航系统再到全球导航系统"，故用from 与to 构成from... to … "从......到......"搭配。

6. global考查形容词。空处修饰名词navigation system，根据语境可知，应用形容词global"全球的"。

7. accuracy考查名词。根据空前的The positioning和空后的of可知，本空应填名词作主语，accuracy'精确性，准确性"。

8. Named考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本空应填非谓语动词，name在此是动词，意为"给……命名"，与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词Named。name... after..."以……给……命名"。注意：本空位于句首，所填词的首字母要大写。

9. where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词China，因从句不缺主语、宾语，且先行词表示地点意义，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导定语从句。注意：该定语从句与先行词被时间状语for 18 years隔开了，导致部分考生误填when。

10. to provide 考查非谓语动词。根据sb./sth. be expected to do sth. ”某人/某物被期望做某事"搭配可知，本空填不定式。

二答案及解析：

答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D

解析：1.根据第一段最后一句The new satellite will promote the country’s satellite communication network for space docking(对接).可知答案。

2.根据最后一段第二句"Only three satellites of this kind are needed to form a global

communication network, and China has two now.”三颗卫星组成全球网络中国现在有两颗故还需一颗。

3.根据最后一段最后一句…which will benefit the country’s future manned space flights,可知这颗卫星对中国的空间探索意义重大。

4.根据本文开篇叙述可知新卫星发射有助于提升交流网络，文中又提及这可卫星的作用以及最后一段提到这颗卫星对中国的空间探索意义重大可知D选项作为本为标题合适。

三答案及解析：

答案：DACB

解析：这是一篇应用文。文章报道了北京时间201 9年1月3日10时26分，我国嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面，并通过“鹊桥”中继卫星传回了世界第-张近距离拍摄的月背影像图。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段的The satellite processes data from the probe and sends it to Earth.可知中继卫星可以处理来自嫦娥四号探测器的数据。故选D。

2.细节理解题。根据倒数第1段的To control the cost of the Chang'e-4 probe, the relay satellite was designed to be relatively small weighing about 400 kg可知，中继卫星的尺寸相对较小是为了节约成本，故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段的Researchers had just 30 months to develop the satellite, putting them under high pressure.可知，研究者们压力很大是因为他们只有30个月的时间开发这个卫星，即缺乏时间，故选C。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要报道了嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球，文章介绍了卫星在月球登陆的情况，因此，本文的主要内容是嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆。故选B。

四答案及解析：

答案：（1）D；（2）C；（3）B；（4）C

解析：本文是一篇说明文，通过美国的火星探测计划介绍了总有一天人们可能会登上火星，但要等到技术成熟时。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons."可知，乔治布什说，两个世纪前，刘易斯和克拉克离开圣路易斯，去探索在路易斯安那购买计划中获得的新土地，并宣布他希望有一个把男人和女人送上火星的计划，他们本着探索的精神进行了那次旅行，美国的火星探测计划也是出于同样的原因，由此可知，刘易斯和克拉克的探险和火星任务的共同之处是探索精神，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Present systems for getting from Earth's surface to

low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1, 000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits，education spending，or other important programs--or by raising taxes."目前从地球表面进入近地轨道的系统非常昂贵，仅发射火星任务所需的1000吨左右的航天器和设备（开支巨大，政府负担不起），就只能通过削减医疗福利、教育开支或其他重要项目或提高税收来完成（一旦实施，美国人民的福祉将受到影响）；再根据"astronauts，geologists，and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck（敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life，and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people."宇航员、地质学家和生物学家一旦登上火星，除了分析岩石和对太空感到敬畏之外，几乎什么也做了，然而，岩石可以通过自动探测器进行分析，而不会对人的生命造成危险，而且只需花费派遣人员的一小部分费用（无人火星探测听起来更加实用和经济），以上三点是布什的提议受到挑战的原因，而没有提到原因包括美国在火星探测方面已经取得了巨大成就，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Bush's proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA's present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science".可知，布什的提议要求将美国宇航局目前的预算中的一部分重新编入火星计划，这实际上可能会导致这种无人探测科学的减少，由此可知，火星任务不会促进无人探测计划的发展，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的"If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready."如果新的发射系统能够以合理的价格将重量送入轨道，先进的推进系统能够加速到火星的漫长而缓慢的运输，登上这颗红色星球的梦想就可能成为现实，当技术准备就绪时，火星仍将在那里，可知，本文主要介绍了总有一天人们可能会登上火星，但要等到它在技术上变得成熟时，故选C。

五答案：

Developing Space technology, worthwhile or not?

With the development of space technology, human beings are exploring further into the space. Those space experiments and explorations cost huge sums of money, which, quite a number of people think, should have been used to protect human natural environment and solve the problems we all are facing. This might be true, but I think in the long run human will have to turn to other planets when all the resources are used up. For example, human could make use of the mines on the moon and conduct special experiments in the space. Moreover, some of the new technologies employed in space could be used in our daily life and thus creating a better life for us.

All in all, space technology development is sure to benefit all human beings.

Tom (Mary)