动词时态的语法解析(四)

动词时态的语法解析(四)
动词时态的语法解析(四)

动词时态的语法解析(四)

七、过去完成时

1. 过去完成时的基本用法

过去完成时与现在完成时相似,也有“已完成”和“未完成”两种用法,所不同的是,过去完成时将时间推移到过去某一时间之前,即所谓的“过去的过去”。具体地说,它既可表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,也可表示从一个较早的过去持续一个较迟的过去的动作:

He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours. 到6点钟时他就已工作了12小时。

2. 如何正确运用过去完成时

正确运用过去完成时最重要的是要正确理解“过去的过去”。“过去的过去”是一个相对时间,即它相对于一个过去时间而言,并在其过去。这种相对的“过去的过去”有时通过一定的时间副词(状语)体现出来,有时则可能是通过一定的上下文来体现:

I found the watch which I had lost. 我找到了我丢失的表。

The house was quiet. Everybody had gone to bed. 屋子里很安静,大家都睡觉了。"Was Jack at the office?" "No, he’d gone home." “杰克在办公室吗?”“不在,回家了。”有些通常与现在完成时连用的词语,由于在一定的语境中,谓语动作移到了“过去的过去”,也应用过去完成时:

Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)

3. 过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法与打算

过去完成时可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算,通常连用的动词是want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等:

I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来,但有事就没有来。

I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想发言,但时间不允许。

We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didn’t. 我们本想你来看我们的,但你没有来。

4. 过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

从用法上说,一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时则表示过去某一时间以前(即过去的过去)发生的动作或存在的状态。但有时某个动作虽然发生在“过去的过去”,但却也可用一般过去时,如:

(1) 当几个过去的动作用and, then, but等连接,且按照动作发生的先后顺序表达时,几个动作均可用一般过去:

I bought a radio but lost it. 我买了一部收音机,但丢了。

He stood up, took his coat and went out. 他站起身来,拿起外套,然后就出去了。

(2) 由after, before, as soon as 等连词引导时间状语从句,由于这些连词已经清楚地表明了主从句谓语动词的先后顺序,所以对于先发生的动作也可用一般过去时表示:

I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把这消息告诉了他们。

As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我刚把电话一放下,它又响了。(3) 在一定的语境中,表示过去未曾实现想法或打算的过去完成时也可用一般过去时表示:

He hoped to come with us, but he was too busy. 他本想同我们一起来的,但他太忙了。

I thought I could go, but I can’t. 我原认为我能去,但我(现在)去不了。

注:若没有明确的语境,则宜用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的想法,否则可能有歧义,如说I hoped to pass the examination. 它只表明过去想通过考试,但并未说明通过与否。如说I had hoped to pass the examination,则表示过去想通过考试,但实际上未通过。不过在过去式后接不定式的完成式也可明确表示过去未曾实现的想法,如I hoped to have passed the examination。

八、现在进行时

1. 现在进行时的基本用法

现在进行时主要表示说话人的说话时刻正在进行的动作、不断重复的动作或目前这个阶段(不一定是说话时刻)正在进行的动作:

We’re having a meeting. 我们在开会。(说话时正在进行的动作)

Be quiet! The baby is sleeping. 安静,孩子在睡觉。

He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。(目前阶段在进行的动作)

2. 现在进行时表将来

现在进行时表将来,主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作:

I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。

They’re getting mar ried next month. 他们下个月结婚。

现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来,区别是:用现在进行时表示将来,其计划性较强,并往往暗示一种意图;而一般现在时表示将来,则其客观性较强,即通常被视为客观事实,多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况:

I’m not going out this evening. 今晚我不准备出去。

What time does the train leave? 火车什么时候开?

3. 现在进行时表示感色彩

现在进行时有时可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,通常与always, forever, constantly, continually等副词连用。比较:

She’s always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。(表赞扬)

She always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。(陈述一个事实)

The boy is constantly lying. 这孩子老是撒谎。(表示厌恶)

The boy often lies. 这孩子常撒谎。(指出缺点)

4. 动词be的现在进行时

主要用于表示一时的表现或暂时存在的状态。比较:

He is foolish. 他很傻。(生性如此)

He is being foolish. 他显得很傻。(指一时的表现,并非总是如此)

He is friendly. 他很友好。(长期如此)

He is being friendly. 他显得很友好。(指暂时的表现,而且不一定真诚)

注:“be+形容词”用于现在进行时时,其中的形容词通常只能是angry, careful, careless, clever, foolish, stupid, kind, friendly, brave, rude, polite等动态形容词,而big, tall, beautiful 等静态形容词不能这样用的。

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1.. This machine _______________ (not work). It hasn’t worked for years. 2.If their marketing plans succeed, they________________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. 3.Population experts predict that most people ___________(live) in cities in the near future. 5. He __________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津) 6. -- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time -- Yes, since she _________(join) the Chinese Society. (宁夏) 7. Teenagers ____________(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆) 8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother __________ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南) 9. John promised his doctor he _____________ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京) 10. By this time tomorrow, I_____________ (lie) on the beach 11. So far this year we _________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建) 12. The hotel wasn’t partic ularly good. But I ____________(stay) in many worse hotels. (北京) 13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ____________ (know) each other for years. (辽宁) 14. -- I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. -- I think so. He _____________________ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏) 15. The telephone ________________ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川) 16. --Did you go to the show last night --Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______________(invite). (陕西) 17. -- What’s that noise -- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine_______________(test). (浙江) 18. I like these English songs and they _______________ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽) 19. Don’t take the magazine away. It _____________(belong) to me. 20. I will go to see my son when he __________(finish) the training course. 21. Perhaps it will be a long time before Tom ________( come) from abroad . 22. It’s time that we_______( take) some action to protect the environment. 23. Often a storm ________________(follow) by a calm. 24. If city noises ________________(keep) from increasing,people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. 25. I bought this radio yesterday,but it ____________(work). 26. A friend of mine ___________(return) to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 27. When Jack arrived he _____________(learn) Mary had been away for about an hour. 28. We miss Ted a lot, for he ____________(kill) trying to save a child in earthquake.

小学英语语法动词时态练习word版本

小学英语语法动词时 态练习

小学语法动词时态练习 1.Mr Zheng (read) a book now. 2. The rabbits (jump) now. 3.. Look ! Tom and John (swim). 4. My brother (make) a kite in his room now. 5. Look! The bus (stop). 6. We (have) an English class now. 7. Listen! Someone is (come). 8. They (catch) butterflies now. 9. He (do) an experiment now. 10. They (collect) stamps now. 11. Look! He (dive) now. 12. Tom ( watch ) TV in the dining room. 13. The doctors (get ) off the bus. 14. Come on. They ( leave ) now. 15. It (eat) fish now. 16. My father (work) in the office now. 17. Where is your mother? She (answer) the phone. 18. The teachers (run) now.

一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _____ on the sofa yesterday evening. 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3.They _______ glad to see each other last month.

初中英语语法——动词的时态

动词的时态 一、考点解读 今天我们复习动词的时态,英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点,在各地的中考题目中许多题型都会有对于动词时态的考查。出现较多的是在单选,完形填空,及其在第二卷中出现的根据汉语意思填词的题目,还包括翻译句子,书面表达。可以说中考题目中大部分都会涉及到动词的时态。既是难点也是重点。在今天的专题中我们复习初中阶段需要掌握的八个时态。 1.一般现在时 2.现在进行时 3.一般过去时 4.过去进行时 5.一般将来时 6.过去将来时 7.现在完成时 8.过去完成时 二、专题梳理 初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力,能使句子的意思明确,能显示细微的差异,能使句子生动逼真。但它们不是相当灵活,在不同的时间中,要用不同的形式,这是与中文大不相同的地方。 1.一般现在时:一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。 (1)一般现在时的时间状语通常有: ①often ②usually ③always

④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every+时间 ⑦次数+时间 ⑧on+时间 ⑨in+时间 ⑩没有时间,但表示客观存在的事实 (2)一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示,但如果主语是单数第三人称时,则在动词后加s或es,变成否定句和疑问句时,又将s、es去掉,还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示: ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成

其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下 表所示(以动词work为例) 特别提示: have(has)在表示“有”时,否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not),变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时,其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。 e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√) Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons?(√) 她有教钢琴的经验吗? Had you a good time going hiking yesterday?(×) Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday?(√) 你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗?

高中英语语法(时态语态)练习精选

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高考英语-语法填空-专项训练-动词的时态语态

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