不文明行为 Immoral Behaviors in Public英语作文
不文明行为Immoral Behaviors in Public
英语作文
不文明行为Immoral Behaviors in Public英语作文
We may have experienced such an experience before: Most people always do some uncivilized things in a public places, which disgust and annoy most other people. Such as spitting, littering, peeing in public. Personally I had the embarrassing experience one late night of seeing a man peeing alongside the river. He was not embarrassed at all.
Such inappropriate public behaviors have a terrible influence on society. On the one hand, most unsanitary behavior can spread germs and diseases to the general public. On the other hand, these behaviors may lead to the pollution of the environment and show little or no consideration for the environment.
We have to take measures to improve this situation. Our government should emphasize this kind of behaviors. Our teachers should teach and enforce acceptable standards for all
students. And in the home, parents should teach the children what is right by example.
浅析影视翻译中字幕和配音翻译的差异
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 从功能翻译理论角度分析《大卫?科波菲尔》三个中译本 2 《理智与情感》中的姐妹情谊 3 A Brief Discussion on Creative Treason in Poetry Translation—Based on the Chinese Versions of The Isles of Greece 4 An Analysis of the Distorted Human Relations in The Grass Is Singing 5 英文歌词翻译的原则和技巧 6 希腊神话对英语词汇的影响 7 文档所公布均英语专业全英原创毕业论文。原创Q 175 567 12 48 8 “In”与“Out”的认知解读 9 初中英语教学中的跨文化习得 10 海明威的“冰山原则”与其短篇小说的人物对话 11 “省力原则”在口译过程中的应用 12 《老人与海》象征主义探究 13 从《在路上》解读“垮掉的一代”时代背景与主题 14 试从大卫?科波菲尔分析狄更斯的人道主义精神 15 从麦当劳看美国快餐文化 16 浅析商务谈判中的恭维语应用 17 交际教学法在初中英语教学中的运用 18 史蒂芬?克莱恩《红色英勇勋章》中的自然主义表现手法 19 A Tragedy of Ambition on Macbeth 20 How Can Women Survive—Consideration of Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own 21 论英语影视作品的字幕翻译技巧 22 论美国黑人地位的改变 23 从《在路上》看“垮掉的一代” 24 论《红字》的模糊性 25 A Comparative Study on Two Chinese Versions of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ode to The West Wind 26 问题类型对TEM阅读成绩影响的实证研究 27 Coincidences and Images in The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the D’Urbervilles 28 Cultural Difference between Chinese and English on Politeness 29 “中式英语”和“中国英语”两个概念的区别研究：以公示语为例 30 旅游资料翻译中文化因素的处理 31 论英语新闻翻译中的文化干扰及相应对策 32 以目的论为指导的化妆品商标翻译 33 On Ambiguity of Human Conversations 34 从生态批评角度解析杰克伦敦的动物小说《野性的呼唤》和《白獠牙》 35 班德瑞曲名汉译策略之解析 36 浅析哈克贝利的叛逆精神 37 The Problems in English and Chinese Trademark Translation and Relevant Countermeasures 38 On the Absurdity in Waiting for Godot 39 论英语教学中的非智力因素 40 论《暮光之城?暮色》中英译汉的词类转译
英文商务信函拒绝言语行为的礼貌策略研究
广西师范大学 硕士学位论文 英文商务信函拒绝言语行为的礼貌策略研究 姓名：徐冬梅 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：外国语言学及应用语言学 指导教师：罗耀光 20080401
英文商务信函拒绝言语行为的礼貌策略研究 研究生：徐冬梅年级：2005级学科专业：外国语言学及应用语言学指导老师：罗耀光研究方向：语用学 中文摘要 “拒绝”是人们日常言语交际中经常会实施的一种言语行为，在过去的20年里，拒绝言语行为一直是语言学家们研究的热点之一。其研究重点集中在几个方面，如社会因素对其策略使用的影响，跨文化语境中的拒绝策略使用，以及通过拒绝行为来研究语用迁移。并且大部分研究都局限于以在校大学生实施的日常拒绝行为为研究对象。 在商务交往过程中实施的拒绝言语行为充分体现了其不礼貌（即威胁被拒绝者的面子）及冲突本质。在英文商务信件中表达拒绝信息时写信人要完成两个目标：一是主要目标，传递坏消息，二是次要目标，和读者保持良好的关系。任何不当的拒绝行为实施都有可能造成（潜在）客户流失，给公司带来经济损失。这类英文商务信件的特点决定了写信人在信件写作过程中必须注重拒绝信息的礼貌传递。 有鉴于此，本文以布朗和列文森的面子理论为指导，对英文商务信件中拒绝言语行为的礼貌策略使用进行了专门研究。本文首先对拒绝言语行为，尤其是英文商务信件中的拒绝言语行为，以及布朗和列文森的面子理论进行了阐述。在此基础上，作者对英文商务信件拒绝言语行为中使用的礼貌策略进行了分析。研究发现，应用于英文商务信件拒绝言语行为实施的礼貌策略有积极礼貌策略、消极礼貌策略和直接策略，每种策略都有不同的语言表现形式，在分析的过程中作者还作了进一步的阐述和例证。通过对这些策略进行定量分析，作者发现在实施拒绝这一言语行为的时候，使用更频繁的礼貌策略是消极礼貌策略，其次是积极礼貌策略，直接策略的使用频率最低。这一分布与写信人的写作目标有一定的联系。最常用的语言表达形式有：关注听话人，宣称双方共同点，使用模糊语，表明原因以及非确指。 本研究有助于人们在商务沟通中更好地运用礼貌策略来实施拒绝言语行为，指导人们提高该类英文商务信件的写作能力，进而帮助人们进行成功的交际。同时，该研究对于英文商务信件的研究与教学也能起到一定的促进作用。 关键词：拒绝言语行为; 商务信函; 礼貌策略
关于不文明行为 About Impolite Behaviors _英语作文
关于不文明行为About Impolite Behaviors We have seen many news about how rude Chinese tourists were, such as throwing away rubbish at will, jumping the queue or speaking loudly in public. The media from home and abroad always spread the negative information about Chinese tourists, while it is just small part, not presenting the truth. 我们看到许多新闻关于如何中国游客是如何的粗鲁，比如随手扔垃圾，插队或在公共场合说话声音很大。国内外媒体对中国游客也总是传播负面信息，然而这只是一小部分，并不代表事实的真相。 I have been to many foreign countries. Everytime before I started my journey, I told myself to be polite and well behaved and I made it. But I found that many bad behaviors happened among foreigners, whom we used to believed the most polite people in the world. They jumped the queue and spoke loudly in the public. So it is not fair to criticize Chinese tourists all the time. 我去过许多国家。每次在我开始旅程之前，我都告诉自己要有礼貌、自律，我做到了。但是我发现许多外国人却做了很多不良行为，我们曾经认为他们是世界上最有礼貌的人，但是他们却插队，在公众场合大声说话。所以总是批评中国游客是不公平的。
关于旅游的英语作文(10篇优秀文章)
《关于旅游的英语作文》 关于旅游的英语作文（一）： I took a trip to Shanghai with my mother during the seven-day holiday. It took us more than two hours to drive to Shanghai from my home in Haimen. We stayed in a large hotel on the eighth floor. On the first day， I just stayed in the hotel and rested. On the second day， my brother and I went to Nanjing Road. Its the busiest street in Shanghai. When we got there，there were lots of people. We walked from one shop to another. I bought two T-shirts and two pairs of trousers for the ing summer. The T-shirts and trousers I bought are all white because white is my favourite colour. My brother also bought some clothes. On the third day， my mother took me to Jinjiang Entertainment Centre. It was full of people. I played many kinds of gamesthere. I had a good time. The other days， I went to some other interesting places， such as the Oriental Bright Pearl TV Tower， the Huangpu River and Shanghai International Conference Centre. I didnt forget to do my homework in the evening. I had a full an d happy holiday. 关于旅游的英语作文（二）： This summer vacation， I went to Beijing. It was a very great city! We went to the Great Wall first.Like its name，it was very great.We can see many mountians around. Then we went to visit Tian'an Men Square.It was also fantastic. We lived in a small house in a Beijing Hutung， it was a traditional Beijing building called 'four-section pound'. I enjoyed myself a lot. I love Beijing! 关于旅游的英语作文（三）： I went to three cities to play during last summer holidays. They are Beijing， Dalian and HuHehot.
俄语拒绝言语行为分类研究
龙源期刊网 https://www.360docs.net/doc/e75932204.html, 俄语拒绝言语行为分类研究 作者：崔丽丽姜群 来源：《北方文学》2017年第02期 摘要：拒绝言语行为因为其威胁面子的特征和对语用能力、文化沟通力的高要求逐渐成为跨文化领域的敏感话题。本文以俄罗斯语言学家弗罗尔金娜的隐含研究为理论基础，分析俄语国家的政府新闻发言人在新闻发布会中拒绝言语行为的常用策略。 关键词：拒绝言语行为；弗罗尔金娜；新闻发布 拒绝言语行为分属言语行为理论，随着请求、建议等言语行为的研究逐步深入，拒绝言语行为也慢慢进入到语言学家们的视线。对于拒绝言语行为的研究始于Beebe，森山卓郎等语言学家。对于国内关于这方面的研究主要有马月兰、王爱华等。他们对于拒绝语的研究都是在Beebe等人的“语义公式”基础之上进行深入的扩展研究。俄罗斯语学界对“拒绝”的研究，尤其是从言语行为理论的角度对其进行系统研究一般是将其与“不同意”的概念相对比或结合进行分析。本文选择俄罗斯语言学家弗罗尔金娜的隐含观点为理论背景，在此基础上对拒绝言语行为进行研究。 一、弗罗尔金娜的隐含研究 弗罗尔金娜的隐含研究具有鲜明的结构主义描写语言学特色，在研究角度和方法上都有所创新。 她将隐含分为形式隐含和内容隐含两种，内容隐含又包括意思隐含和非意向性含意。她的研究重点是意思隐含（意思隐含是指规约性程度不同地表达这种或那种意向性意义的各种间接的言语表达式），她将意思隐含分为两大类：语句层次隐含和语篇层次隐含，语句层次隐含在单个语句的范围内就能得到充分解释，而语篇层次隐含在单个语句范围内不能得到充分解释，必须有补充信息。语句层次隐含分为：语义性、主观评价性及常规一语用性意思隐含；语篇层次隐含则分为：语境一文化性、逻辑一情境性及心理一策略意思隐含。① 二、俄语拒绝言语行为 结合弗罗尔金娜的相关理论，笔者从语句层次隐含和语篇层次隐含两个方面分析语料。对于俄语国家的政府新闻发言人在新闻发布会上答记者问中的拒绝言语行为的表达策略，我们参考国内语言学家吴建设对于间接拒绝语的分类，作如下具体分类：在语句层次上的表达策略分为词汇策略、句法策略。在语篇层次上的表达策略分为语境文化策略和逻辑-语用策略。 （一）语句层次的表达策略 1.词汇策略
英语作文：对上海不文明的现象谈看法
The recent exposure of some rude behaviors and misconducts of some Shanghai citizens gave rise to people’s concern over the issue on how to better the image of Shanghai, a world-renowned metropolis. As far as I am concerned, Shanghai citizens should have the qualities of observing the rules in public, tolerance and understanding to live up to a modern Shanghai citizen. To start with, observing the rules in pubic is the best embodiment of civilization in any society. Shanghai municipal government urges its c itizens to keep to Seven Don’ts. These measures, if taken effectively, can not only contribute to our better environment but also bring improvement to social disorder. Further more, being tolerant is called for to be educated people. While waiting for the bus or in the cinema and etc, people are frequently bothered by either long queues or crowds. If one is tolerant enough, hecan contain himself, thus reducing chaos to the minimum. Last but not least, trying tounderstand people around you is the pre-condition of a loving and caring community. Be empathetic while others are in trouble, by offering a helping hand. Keeping the above three points in mind will surely help make Shanghai a better place to live.
高校英语专业专科学生“拒绝”言语行为语用迁移Word版
高校英语专业专科学生“拒绝”言语行为的语用迁移研究
【摘要】本研究通过对陕西教育学院70名英语专业普通专科 学生的“拒绝”言语行为进行问卷调查并访谈，收集统计数据后，作者发现受试者在用英语拒绝他人时，不同程度地受到语用迁移的影响，从而导致语用失误。因此，本文根据这些问题探讨其主要成因，并针对如何提高英语专业专科学生的跨文化语用能力提出相应教学方面的建议，以期对专科英语专业教学有所启示。 【关键词】“拒绝”言语行为专科英语专业跨文化语用语 用迁移对策 引言 brown & levinson (1989) 指出，“拒绝”是一种威胁面子的言 语行为（即face-theory acts, ftas）。为了尽量将这种威胁降到 最低，受邀人应该学习一些保护对方面子的拒绝策略。“拒绝”虽 然存在于所有语言中，但并不是所有的语言和文化都以同样的方式拒绝，因为拒绝策略由于语言文化的不同而不同。beebe, takahashi, & uliz-welts(1990)指出，“在跨文化交际中‘拒绝’对于非英语 母语使用者来说是一个难题”。 不同文化背景的人在习得l2的“拒绝”言语行为时，会不同程 度地受到语用迁移的影响。语用迁移是指“学习者已有的语言和文化语用知识对二语语用信息的理解、产出和学习所施加的影响”（kasper,1992）。从习得的阶段性和语言自身结构来划分，语用迁移分为语音、语调、词汇、语法、文化迁移等。从宏观语用研究的角度划分，有语言语用迁移和社会语用迁移两大类。从迁移所产生
的效用和方向性划分，有语用正向迁移、语用负向迁移、语用语内迁移和语用语际迁移。语用迁移研究是二语习得领域一个较新的课题，主要考察二语学习者在实施具体言语行为时受到的来自母语的影响。 许多言语行为都被作为语用迁移的研究对象进行研究，如问候、道歉、邀请等。而关于拒绝言语行为的语用迁移研究并不多见。同时，英语专业专科学生的语用能力迁移性调查更是少之又少。本文以陕西教育学院70名英语专业普通专科学生为调查对象，调查其在实施“拒绝”言语行为时的语用迁移现象，并分析其原因，针对专科英语专业教学提出相应建议。 研究方法 1．受试 陕西教育学院70名英语专科的大三学生。收回有效问卷67份，他们当中有75%过了英语四级。为了使调查结果有对比性，作者邀请了四位英语母语者填写了另一份问卷调查，此项调查旨在让英语母语使用者对受试者的拒绝进行评判。每份问卷包括67名受试者在四个情景中做出的共268项拒绝，他们每人对这268项拒绝策略逐一进行评判，给出“可接受”，“不可接受”，“完全不可使用”三个评判结果，并对他们给出的评判作以解释和说明。英语母语者是初次来中国旅游的美国人，两男两女，年龄在22 岁～25岁之间。 2.研究工具 话语补全测试（discourse completion test）一直是言语行为
关于旅游的英语作文
【关于旅游的英语作文：篇一】 Last summer holiday, I went to Hainan with my family. The weather was terrific! The sky was blue more than I could describe, the sea was blue and bright more than I could believe. Walking by the sea is just like being in the oil painting! We sailed to an island called Xiao. I swam there. Swimming is the sea is quite different from that in a pool. Because the depth is various all the time. Maybe the water can't afford you this minute, and then it will flow over your head! Bedsides the swimming, we also had a good meal there. We had a nice seafood dish. I forgot the name of that conch, but I bought back the shell. I f you want to have a look, you may ask me. Or, we may go to Hainan together, for I am always hoping to come to that place again. I really like that place, a place of blue and brightness. 【关于旅游的英语作文：篇二】 This summer vacation, I went to Beijing. It was a very great city! We went to the Great Wall first. Like its name, it was very great. We can see many mountains around. Then we went to visit Tian'an Men Square. It was also fantastic. We lived in a small house in a Beijing Hutung, it was a traditional Beijing building called 'four-section compound'. I enjoyed myself a lot.
汉语拒绝言语行为的性别差异研究
汉语拒绝言语行为的性别差异研究 【摘要】拒绝是日常生活中使用频率较高的言语行为，在本质上是一种威胁被拒绝者面子的行为。本研究以Brown&Levinson的面子理论为理论依据，以Beebe等学者的“语篇补全测试”为工具，旨在调查汉语中男性和女性在拒绝策略使用上的差异情况。研究结果表明汉语中女性比男性使用较多的间接拒绝策略，而男性比女性使用较多的直接拒绝策略。 【关键词】汉语拒绝；言语行为；性别差异 0 引言 近年来，言语行为已成为语用学和社会语言学领域中研究的重要课题之一。其中，性别差异对言语行为的影响也越来越受到人们的重视。目前，国内外学者对请求、道歉、邀请以及恭维语等言语行为的性别差异都进行了研究。结果表明，性别的差异对言语行为的使用有着很大的影响，不同性别的人在言语行为的使用上有着不同的模式。 拒绝是人们日常交际中频繁使用的一种言语行为，但它在本质上是威胁对方面子的行为，因此通常要求拒绝者使用礼貌拒绝策略来维护或顾全听话人的面子，表达对听话人的尊敬。国外对拒绝言语行为的研究主要有Rubin&Joan （1983）、Takahashi&Beebe（1986）等，国内的研究有马月兰（1999）、姚俊（2003）等。然而，目前国内外对于拒绝策略的研究主要集中于社会语用和跨文化对比方面，对于汉语拒绝言语行为的性别差异则很少涉足。因此，本文旨在研究汉语拒绝言语行为的性别差异情况。 1 理论基础 1.1 Brown &Levinson 的礼貌理论 根据Brown&Levinson提出的面子理论，面子分为积极面子和消极面子。积极面子是指人们在交际中希望自己的言行得到肯定和赞同；而消极面子是指人们在交际中不希望自己的行为受到别人的干涉和阻碍。在日常交际中，人们既要尊重对方的积极面子，又要顾全对方的消极面子，才能使社会交际能顺利进行。然而在实际的交往中，许多言语行为本质上是威胁面子的。如，命令、警告、提醒等言语行为可能会有损听话人的消极面子；而反驳、批评等言语行为就可能有损听话人的积极面子。Brown&Levinson认为，为了保全听话者的面子，人们需要采取一些言语策略来减轻这些言语行为带来的面子威胁。拒绝言语行为是一种本质上威胁请求者积极面子的行为（Brown&Levinson，1987）。因此，拒绝者为了减少对被拒绝者面子的威胁需要采用礼貌策略来维护对方的面子，保持双方的友好关系。 1.2 拒绝言语行为
游客的不文明行为(英语作文)
高一下学期第一周作文： 书面表达(满分25分) 近来，中国游客在海外的不文明行为倍受争议。假设你是李华，一名国际旅行社的导游，就此写一篇短文在一份英文报纸上发表自己的观点。请根据下面的提示完成作文。 1、列举不文明行为： 2、指出其影响： 3、提出建议。 【1、列举不文明行为：2、指出其影响：】3、提出建议。 注意：1、词数100左右； 2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3、首句已给出，不计入总词数。 As a tour guide of an international travel agency，I find it so embarrassing to see many Chinese tourists behave badly abroad． _____________________________________________________________________ _______ 参考范文 One Possible Version: 按要求写作版： As a tour guide导游of an international travel agency, I find it so embarrassing 令人尴尬的to see many Chinese tourists behave badly abroad. They speak loudly 大声说话in public places, carve characters on tourist attractions,游客景点上刻字throw rubbish扔垃圾, spit everywhere随处吐痰, and even cross the road ignoring the traffic lights. 闯红灯Such bad behaviors overseas have caused great damage to造成伤害the image形象of the Chinese people and our country as well. Measures should be taken to stop this. 措施应该被采取以阻止这事。First, before going abroad, tourists should be trained 被训练to obey social and public order公共秩序, and respect local religions and customs.当地宗教和习俗。Besides, it is a good idea to teach kids to be responsible负责任的citizens from kindergarten days. Last, laws should be made to punish 惩罚those 【who behave badly in public places. 】I hope soon tourists overseas will change their behavior and win respect for themselves and our country. 润色版： As a tour guide导游of an international travel agency, I find it so embarrassing 令人尴尬的to see many Chinese tourists behave badly abroad. 【那些不文明的行为是如此的普遍以致中国人都以此为耻。不文明的例子比比皆是。Those bad behaviors are so common that most Chinese feel ashamed of them. Examples of improper behaviors are not far to seek.】They speak loudly 大声说话in public places, carve characters on tourist attractions,游客景点上刻字throw rubbish扔垃圾, spit everywhere随处吐痰, and even cross the road ignoring the traffic lights. 闯红灯[毫无疑问No one can deny that Such bad behaviors overseas have caused great damage to造成伤害the image形象of the Chinese people and our country as well. [ It is high time that we should stop them.] Measures should be taken to stop this. 措施应该被采取以阻止这事。First,
礼貌原则在商务英语拒绝信函中的应用研究
洛阳理工学院 毕业设计（论文） The Study of the Application of Politeness Strategies in Business English Refusal Letters 姓名马芯 系（部）外语系 专业英语 班级B111231 指导教师韩慈红 2013 年6 月6 日
礼貌原则在商务英语拒绝信函中的应用研究 摘要 自世界村这个概念出现以来，商务英语信函在商业事务中占据了相当重要和不可或缺的地位。礼貌原则作为商务信函写作的一个最基本要求，在不同类型的信函中表现各异。而拒绝是日常生活中使用频率较高的言语行为。拒绝类信函作为一种特殊的商务信函，对礼貌有着特殊的要求。 在商务英语信函中表达拒绝信息时写信人要完成两个目标：一是传递坏消息，二是和读者保持良好的关系。任何不当的拒绝行为实施都有可能造成（潜在）客户流失，给公司带来经济损失。这类商务英语信函的特点决定了写信人在信件写作过程中必须注重拒绝信息的礼貌传递。 本文以布朗和列文森的面子理论为指导，对礼貌原则在商务英语拒绝信函中的应用进行专门研究。本文首先对商务英语信函，尤其是商务英语拒绝信函，以及布朗和列文森的面子理论进行阐述。在此基础上，对商务英语拒绝信函中使用的礼貌策略进行分析。研究发现，应用于商务英语拒绝信函中的礼貌策略有积极礼貌策略、消极礼貌策略和直接策略。 一封讲求礼貌策略的商务拒绝信函不仅可以帮助写信人在传递一个令人沮丧的坏消息时说服客户心平气和地接受被拒绝的理由，还能在商务交往中保持良好的贸易合作关系。同时，本研究还对商务英语信函的研究与教学起到一定的促进作用。 关键词：商务英语拒绝信函，礼貌策略，面子理论
关于旅游的英语作文
关于旅游的英语作文 关于旅游的英语作文 篇一：关于旅游的.英语作文His time most unforgettable was the first time traveling with his wife, as this is the first time, therefore, was extremely excited. On May 20 this particular day I have to play as early as 7:00 in the morning we arrived at the place to be on the train, the 6:00 bell on my wife and finishing up a good point. 7:01 to start on time. The coach and I was full of a sense of curiosity, for the first time for everyone to do there is always a special feeling. Coach travel on the highway, the window quickly from the scene before flying, I have been looking out the window, could not feel happy. Over time, unconsciously I fell asleep. After about four hours by car, we have finally reached the destination - Nanbei Hu. We arranged to stay in the Expo in Hangzhou Hotel, the room is very spacious, this is the first time I was admitted to a five-star hotel, I am excited about the West, Zhang Zhang looked at, to see that the door opened, the door opened Look Look, everything I feel very fresh. After lunch,
汉英职业交往中的拒绝言语行为研究
汉英职业交往中的拒绝言语行为研究 “拒绝”,无论是发生在日常交际、职业交往、商务谈判还是政治协商中,都是一种需要言者谨慎处理、听者敏感释话的威胁面子的言语行为。而由于语言与文化背景的差异,在同一场景中,汉语使用者和英文使用者在实施拒绝和解译拒绝等方面会存在许多差异。关于将拒绝作为一种言语行为的研究,主要集中在语用学、跨文化交际学和二语习得等方面。然而,大部分的研究存在单纯列举语料、直白描写语料和罗列对比数据等问题,缺乏解释性的研究、系统的言语行为策略分类和高度概括性的总结等。 本研究不是单一文化背景下的拒绝言语行为研究,而是从汉英对比的角度出发,试图从多个理论视角,结合抽样语料,考查和探究汉英职业交往中拒绝言语行为的解译模式、策略偏好、及物性选择对比和文化语用原因等。在开篇两章对研究目的、研究背景、基本理论和研究思路等作简要阐明之后,第三章详述了语料来源。语料的收集和取样也是本研究的特色之一,以往的研究多直接使用语篇补全测试(DCT)完成数据采集工作,本研究则不仅在问卷设计上大下功夫,更是通过一系列的情景调查、试点测试、反馈和面谈、按比例抽样等多种可控的实验方式来保证数据的真实有效,从而使其具有普遍性。另外,也利用现代职场剧中相关场景的视频转录方式,收集到另一组视频语料。 为尽量避免随机采样的错误,同样将其按比例抽样,作为对第一组语料的补充,弥补DCT采集语料存在的若干弊端。接着,从四个视角,即“言之解”、“言之行”、“言之法”和“言之因”对汉英语料进行观察、描写和解释,力求在一个更立体的多维平台上研究汉英职业交往中的拒绝言语行为。视角一是从关联理论看“言之解”,关联理论指导下的明示——推理过程对间接言语行为具有很强的解释力,关联期待的满足甚至是放弃都是以言语行为得解为目的的。汉英拒绝言语行为关联意义的使用,是解译拒绝的关键。 本研究中的拒绝,可以理解为职场人际交往时,会话互动中产生的针对一方提出的请求、邀请、提供和建议等给出的具有动态语境假设的选择。使用数理统计的方法观测三类关联意义在汉英拒绝释话中的使用频率,为的是对比汉语使用者和英语使用者在释义拒绝时的认知机制和心理过程,也为的是辅助解释汉英拒绝策略具有多样性和差异性的原因，更是为了印证“最佳关联”是在不同认知环
英语作文-不文明行为
范例一 英语作文 日常生活中,我们会看到一些不文明的行为,比如有人乱扔垃圾,有人在公共场所吸烟等.当你看到这些不文明行为时,请你写一篇不少于80词的英语短文,谈谈你的想法. "Protecting the environment,is everybody's business." Every time I go in the busy streets,always see some throw on the ground of dazzling things:the packing bag of brightly colored,the crush cigarette end,didn't chew clean apple and roll into a mass of waste paper.If everyone so don't speak hygiene,our beautiful home will become what look like?Spring outing,a lot of students litter the lawn or on the road.I asked them:"you didn't bring garbage bags?" They a face of vacant:"bag is used to hold snacks,why put on garbage?" Look at these throw away rubbish inside and many didn't eat "many fish","but beak","chips",I feel very distressed,parents pay for what they love to eat,so let them throw?Before lunch,I go to the bathroom,he found a faucet of the "huahua" alone flow "tears"!Is everyone who so careless?And forgot to turn off the tap.Have something says so:if it's not cherish water resources,then the earth up the last drops of water will is one of the eyes.Every time the water think about this sentence,will also have to forget to turn off the tap?"Protecting the environment,is everybody's business." Not only of an empty talk,but every little bit in our daily life.Never throw a waste paper to save every drop of water,the classmates,cheer,starts from me,from now to start,let us together to be the earth mother's environmental protection small guardians
拒绝言语行为论文：英语拒绝言语行为研究
拒绝言语行为论文：英语拒绝言语行为研究 【中文摘要】拒绝言语行为是人类在生活交往中经常遇到的一种言语行为,是针对对方的请求、邀请、建议或提供之后,说话人所做出的一种“不合作性”选择。拒绝也被诸多学者定义为对话中“不期待的第二部分”。布朗和列文森把拒绝言语行为划分为明显的面子威胁行为的种类,因此它的交际策略使用得恰当与否直接影响到交际能否顺利进行以及交际双方关系能否顺利发展。本文对英语拒绝言语行为进行了系统研究,细致阐述了英语拒绝言语行为的特点、分类以及影响因素。影响拒绝言语行为的因素是语境,随着语境的改变,拒绝言语行为的表达方式和交际策略也会不断变化。在选择拒绝言语行为遵循的语用原则时,本文采纳了索振宇的得体原则。在得体原则的指导下,本文总结出了直接拒绝策略和间接拒绝策略。根据得体原则和拒绝言语行为的交际策略,以访谈和电视剧中的拒绝语为语料进行分析,并 对其进行归纳总结。本文的研究对跨文化交际和英语教学有一定指导作用,让学生在日常生活中,针对不同的语境能更地道的拒绝他人的 请求、邀请、建议和提供,从而达到顺利交际的。作者希望本文能对今后将要进行拒绝言语行为研究的学者有一定的参考价值。 【英文摘要】Refusal is one of the speech acts that frequently occur in daily communication. It is the “non-cooperative” option which is directed towards the interlocutors’request, invitation, suggestion or offer. And
关于旅游的英语作文
【关于旅游】It is exciting to visit different places. As you travel, you will see beautiful sceneries typical of the region. Besides, you can meet and make friends with people of different colors and races. Finally, you can get to know the customs and living habits of the local people. Today people are so fond of traveling that to urism has become one of the faster growing industries in most countries. The main reason why people travel is, perhaps, for pleasure. For example, having worked hard throughout the weekdays, people will find a widened trip to the nearby mountains or beaches a real relaxation. For another example, spending an annual holiday traveling abroad is an especially satisfying experience for those who do not have much of an opportunity to be away from their homelands. When people return from their travel, they will generally feel fresh and energetic, ready to work harder. Traveling is also one of the best means for learning. You may have read or heard about something but you can never get an accurate picture of it until you see it for yourself. Seeing is believing. Furthermore, if you area careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through traveling. The knowledge acquired from travel, as you will have found in your life, is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book.