公共管理专业英语U8A翻译

公共管理专业英语U8A翻译
公共管理专业英语U8A翻译

据说一个外部性存在如果一个活动的一方(家庭或公司)影响另一方的效用或生产可能性不消化。事实并不是定价意味着“发射”党没有动力去考虑考虑效果,有益或有害的,在“影响”聚会。在这种情况下,发射方可能投入效率低下的资源追求的活动。

整个分析,有多种方式分类外部性我们将参考。首先,外部性可能受影响方利益或损害。前一种情况中他们被称为外部经济,后者,外部比例失调。第二,外部性可能单方面或互惠,单方面外部性是一方(或双方)对另一方(或双方)向一个方向。互惠外部性存在每一方发出和接收到

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外部性的全局性最著名的后者是所谓的internal-to-the-industry负外部性产生的贵重的使用普遍房地产资源。最后,必须区分外部性,特别是对于政策目的,根据是否有许多当事人或一侧,或几方当事人外部性越多,将会越大搭便车问题,因此,较强的将先验的理由部门的干预。

据说外部难以释放,当一个活动由一个个人或公司其他个人或公司收益率好处除了好处凡是发出的全局性好处所以生成通常免除因此是贵重的,也就是说,他们是外部的定价体系,因为发射方不报销外部利益而生成的,没有诱因时考虑有利于决定的水平承办活动。活动的个人或公司选择这一水平的私人边际效益的活动就等于边际成本的任务它,从而忽略了边际效益,同时溢出到其他政党。结果是一个资源分配不当或市场经济的失败生成一个帕累托最优。这样的外部经济体的产出活动的例子包括企业资源配置的发现或知识发明,由公司的劳动培训,预防传染病由个人。这些活动收益率潜在好处给别人不决策过程中捕获的公司或个人。

分析,分析公共的外部经济是相同的制品相同商品或活动或进入效用函数的几个人同时生产函数的几个公司。在制度上,有可能出现分歧。外部性是一个无心插柳的个人或公司低利他私人利益相比,个人可能相对较大生成的外部效益,足以提供足够的激励个人或公司承办的活动与公共产品。,另一方面,任何单一的个人福利相比相对较小提供服务的成本的好,所以个人不可能自愿为自己提供任何它(例如,国防)。不同账户

这一事实,而通常补救市场失灵导致公共物品公共部门实际上承担提供好,外部性的补救措施通常为私营部门提供激励产生正确的数量。可能通过补贴活动“内化”的外部效益。因为他们相似的公共产品属性的修正外部经济是一样提供相同的信息问题公共物品,没有激励的外部经济的受益者透露自己的真实偏好。如果他们的偏好的启示是直接反映在税收的价格收取,他们将严重低估了(因为他们好处在任何情况下可以得到的好处在零价格.Alternatively,如果的启示他们的偏好是完全确定,说,补贴的程度提供给发射器没有暗示任何收取收件人,会的接受者的利益夸大好处。相同的机制的启示对公共商品的偏好也会适用于外部性。

外部性的一般原因

外部性的存在的一般原因通常是被缺乏产权的执行要么因为排斥或者因为是不可能的产权未分配或不能分配没有很大的困难。例如,甲方和乙方均有权访问的气氛。然而,污染了空气,乙方没有账户的被使用伤害。如果一个或另一方可能所有权分配给他们的气氛,可以排除其他的使用,外部性会内化。如果B拥有使用权的空气,他可以对其使用和收取就没有外部性实例将被迫采取的价格考虑在决定多少用来制造。有足够的提供政党类型A和B,竞争形势将出现和资源最优分配。同样的,如果一个拥有空气,他将有权处理这是他希望。如果B希望清洁空气,他会从(购买它将不得不放弃再次污染),外部性是吗内化。上面的场景是,当然,一个荒谬的人因为困难

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定义和实施产权的使用氛围。然而,它以此说明负外部性问题的来源是什么认为缺乏产权的执行。

以类似的方式,外部经济存在,因为他们的排放国无法执行产权整个他们的活动成果。与公众商品,这可能由于无法排除受影响的各方,这能力确切的价格外部活动意味着发出方的好处没有动力去进行活动的最佳水平。

分析最优externality-producing生产水平消费活动密切相似的分析公共制品公益案件的本质是,几个人同时使用相同的好,因此在确定受益于边际增加条款

那好,一个必须同时聚合所有用户的边际效益获得。在外部经济的情况下,一个活

动的排放也有类似的聚会joint-consumption属性。它同时好处发射器和受影响的一方或政党。来确定最优的事业活动,必须权衡活动的边际成本与边际效益的那些活动享受它(发射器和所有受影响的各方)的最佳必备的两个相等。也就是说,以下Samuelsonn-type条件必须持有:

MC = MBA +ΣMBj(1)

在MC的边际资源成本扩大活动,MBA是吗边际效益的排放,和MBj边际外部效益(边际外部收益)倡每个h方外部性影响的未修正的,甲方将重量只有边际效益和费用私下和意志选择活动的水平,这样:

MC = MBA(2)

按照惯例,Eq。(2)称为边际私人收益(边际私人收益)的活动,而情商。(1)被称为边际社会效益(边际社会收益),两个不同的边际外部效益未能考虑联合其他政党将提供的外部效益导致一个不正确的选择活动的水平。负外部性的情况是一样的,上面除了受到影响

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方受损而不是帮助。情商的相同的最优性条件。(1)拥有除了现在MBj条款将是负的,反映的不利影响上的外部性影响。通常将写在这个条件

下面的形式:

MC +ΣMDj = MA(3)

MDj哪里边际外部损失强加给个人j和仅仅是吗负的MBj.TheEq。(3)通常被称为边际社会成本活动。和之前一样,散发出甲方将根据情商表现。(2)和一个低效率的资源配置结果。

没有遇到新的问题如果外部性是互惠的。在这种情况下,一个方程(1)必须持有等各方在其作为发射器的外部性。再次低效的资源配置结果因为发射方所有根据情商表现。(2)而不是情商。(l),甲方是受益从乙方不发出的外部性影响的事实行为根据错误的规则。

外部性的类型

我们定义的外部效应是无法估价的影响的活动的一方没有指定的另一个党involved.They可能的类型家庭或公司,根据是否对分类有用的外部性发射和受影

响的各方一个或依存下面是分类的外部性分类根据生产的外部性和类型的活动方受影响的类型。

Producer-Producer外部性

producer-producer外部性的存在,当一个公司的生产活动影响另一个公司或企业的生产可能性或实益deterimentally。有几个著名的例子this.An上游公司污染水和浪费这个不利影响下游公司使用水在它的生产过程。在一些石油勘探公司发现石油地理位置和可用的信息和有价值的

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探索附近。一个公司列车其劳动力的一部分,然后移动就业与另一个公司的利益后者。一个公司雇佣了一批卡车在一个拥挤的道路,增加了其他公司的旅行时间,一个渔夫从一个渔场捕捉其他渔民更难抓鱼。后者是internal-to-the-industry 外部的经典案例不经济带来一个贵重的公共财产资源。

在上述的情况下,发出一个外部公司进行活动经济或在另一个公司或企业的不经济性不捕获或好处通过价格机制导致成本。因此,分配不当资源可能会从容。外部经济的情况下,散发出公司不考虑整个它的行动和结果可能带来的好处承办活动的太少。与外部不经济,太多的活动可能承担。

生产国和消费国外部性

公司可能产生的活动对个人的效用的影响价格不是捕获系统(除了那些输出的公司吗定价),最明显的例子是工厂污染,说的空气对个人生活物损失的分析,本例中是一个对上述讨论的简单扩展。由于他们的利润最大化的行为,公司将选择的输出和输入配置水平所以这个价格等于边际成本。

Consumer-Consumer外部性

一个消费者的消费的商品直接(或供应的因素)影响其他消费者的效用水平不通过定价机制。从概念上讲,这些外部性可能分为那些“物理”和“精神”,尽管可能经常的区别模糊。各种各样的污染可能会被视为身体影响的消费者,例如,不适引起的空气污染来自其他消费者使用汽车。心灵的外部影响可能出现从利他主义一方面的感觉,或贪婪和嫉妒。

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消费者可能“美联储”更好如果消费者B消耗足够的食物和住所;或者,他可会觉得糟糕如果B开着豪华的车。幸运的是《经济学人》之间需要这两个情况下分析以来他们都是相同的。

在这两种情况下,一个人的消费活动进入的效用函数另,正面(外部经济)或负面(外部成本的增加)。方便区分两种方式中,一个人的消费影响另一个人的效用——通过特定的项目或通过的消费水平水平的效用达到前的人。在第一种情况下,一个人的消费的好,如汽车,直接影响效用水平

自动化专业英语课文重点句子翻译(精)

In the case of a resistor, the voltage-current relationship is given by Ohm’s law, which states that the voltage across the resistor is equal to the current through the resistor multiplied by the value of the resistance. 就电阻来说, 电压—电流的关系由欧姆定律决定。欧姆定律指出:电阻两端的 电压等于电阻上流过的电流乘以电阻值。 2]It may be that the inductor voltage rather than the current is the variable of interest in the circuit. 或许在电路中,人们感兴趣的变量是电感电压而不是电感电流。 Viewed in this light, it will be found that the analysis of three-phase circuits is little more difficult than that of single-phase circuits. 这样看来,三相电路的分析比单相电路的分析难不了多少。 At unity power factor, the power in a single-phase circuit is zero twice each cycle. 在功率因数为 1时,单相电路里的功率值每个周波有两次为零。 It should be noted that if the polarity of point Awith respect to N ( is assumed for the positive half-cycle, then when used in the same phasor diagram should be drawn opposite to, or 180? out of phase with, . 应该注意,如果把 A 点相对于 N 的极性(定为正半周,那么在用于同一相量图中时就应该画得同相反,即相位差为 180? One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system. 对应于像广义放大器这样的电子装置,一个问题就是增益 AU 或者 AI ,它们取决于两输入端系统的内部特性。

翻译期末作业

浅谈中国菜名的翻译 我国悠久的历史和广袤的国土孕育了中国独特的烹饪艺术和丰富的饮食文化。我们国家也以几千年的饮食文化文明于世。随着我国经济飞速发展,与国外交流日益增多,餐饮业也面临着走向世界的机遇和挑战。中国菜名是汉语语汇中承载中国文化最多的语汇之一, 不仅承载着几千年来的中国饮食文化, 还承载着大量的非饮食文化, 如神话、民俗、历史、文学、宗教信仰等等, 在菜名所传达的表层语义背后有着更为深厚复杂的多元文化元素。同时由于饮食与文化的密切联系,这些都大大增大了翻译的难度。 1.首先我们来看一下一些我们常见的错误翻译 长期以来,菜名的翻译没有统一的标准,加上译者水平有限和地域差异,并不了解菜式的内涵,致使很多菜名的翻译让人感到不知所云。比如口水鸡slobbering chicken、童子鸡chicken without sexual life、夫妻肺片the couple’s lung 等,这翻译让外国人看了都吓跑了,哪里还有食欲吃饭呢?再如东坡肉poet Dongpo’s braised pork,东坡肉是用蒸的方法做出来的,所以这里应该为Poet Dongpo’s steamed pork 而不是用braised;“鱼香肉丝”较常见的有两种译法,另外也有人译为shredded pork with garlic sauce,前者译法为直译,后者加了简单的解释,虽然看似简单易懂,很直观,但是译者没有弄清楚此菜的配料,川菜口味浓重,很多菜肴的配料都是少不了“川菜之魂”郫县豆瓣酱,鱼香肉丝正是用到此配料,是不用所谓的大蒜酱,所以后者翻译存在误的地方;水煮鱼,也是川菜中的代表作,又麻又辣,有译者翻译为tender stewed fish,这个译法不够全面,应该在后面加上in chili sauce;夫妻肺片译为pork lungs in chili sauce,这个译法的译者应该不明白此菜的来历和主料,夫妻肺片根本不是用猪肺做成的,而且和肺一点都不沾边,此菜的主料都是用牛内脏,所以这个译发讲不通。对于以上的翻译错误我们不能只是一笑而过,我们应该感受到菜名翻译的难度,从而思考怎样才能更好的翻译来达到最佳的效果。

英语专业 综合英语翻译句子答案

1.Our big old house was closely related with the joys and sorrows of four generations. 2.I planted these roses a long, long time ago before your mother was born. 3.Many sons left home to fight against the Fascist Nazi. 4.Take the first friendly greeting and always keep it deep in your heart. 1.He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview. 2.His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried. 3.The two of them are walking hand in hand along the river bank, chatting, laughing, and looking happy. 4.When he heart the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes. 5.People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common. 6.Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years. 7.He finally gave in to his daughter’s repeated requests to further her education abroad. 8.We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday. 9.Although we have parted from eah other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past. 10.At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy. Unit 2 1.A gracious manner adds the greatest splendour to your image. 2.I firmly believed the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. 3.The simple phrase “Excuse me.” made most of your irritation disappear. 4.Being on time is a virtue which belongs not only to the past but also to the present. 5.Y ou shouldn’t accept the other person’s presence without thinking of its importance. 6.Good manners produce the same feelings or actions in others. 1.I am sorry I am late; I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away. 2.At the concert whnever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3.As a stylish dresser, she is always wearing stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats or drinks. 4.The nurse tells me that the doctors have done wonders for your heart disease. 5.When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind. 6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years. 7.The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived. 8.Since punctuality is a good habit, we should pay much attention to it and make great efforts to cultivate this good habit. 9.The old man cherishes that girl, as if she were his own daughter. 10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.

土木专业英语翻译作业

桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院 土木工程专业英语外文翻译,中文翻译 姓名:马凤志 专业:土木应用 班级:10级9班 学号:3100510939

原文

中文翻译 The Influence of Concrete Compaction on the Strength of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes 压实混凝土对混凝土强度的影响 Lin-Hai Han School of Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Haihe Road 202, PO Box 689, Harbin 150090, P.R. China 韩林海,哈尔滨建筑大学,土木与建筑工程学院,海河路202号,邮政信箱,689,哈尔滨,150090 中国 ABSTRACT: Tests on twenty-one concrete filled steel tubes to investigate the influence of compaction methods on the strength of concrete filled steel tubular members are reported. 摘要:测试二十一钢管混凝土试验,研究了钢管对混凝土构件强度压实方法的影响报告。 Two parameters were investigated, including slenderness ratio and load eccentricity. 对两个参数进行研究,包括长细比和荷载偏心。 It was found that better compaction of concrete resulted in higher values of the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel

汽车专业英语_单词表

unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive(or propeller)shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3

服装专业外语重点段落翻译

Fashion,which is as old as time and as new as tomorrow,is one of the most powerful forces in our lives .It influences what we wear,the way we talk,the foods we eat,the way we live,how and where we travel,what we travel,what we look at,and what we listen to.Fashion is what lead us todiscard a product that is still useful but is no longer ―in‖.It is also what makes us sometimes wear more clothes than we may actually need,and sometimes less than is needed to product us from the ccold or the sun. 流行是这样一种事物,是我们抛弃了还可以使用,但不再时髦的产品。有时候使我们穿比我们真正穿的衣服多,有时候比我们穿抵御严寒酷暑的少。 If there is one absolute constant pertaining to fashion,it is the fact that it is always changing-sometimes rapidly,sometimes slowly,but it is never static or dormant.This element of change is recognized in the definitions of fashion itself cited earlier,by the use of such words as ―prevailing‖or ―a given period of time.‖To ignore the element of change is like looking at a still photograph in place of a motion picture.The still tells you what is happening here and now ;the motion picture shows you what came before and what may lie ahead. 如果存在着一种符合流行的绝对永恒,那就是流行是永远变化着的这一事实,(这种变化)时快时慢,但绝不会固定下来或呈休止状态。 “Fashion is a social phenomenon which reflects the same continuing change that rides through any given age .‖Change in fashion ,he emphasized,‘correspond with the subtle and often hidden network of forces that operate on society……’ “流行是一种社会现象,它反映了任何特定年代同样都要经历的持续变化。‖他强调说:“流行变迁与那些作用于社会的影响力量所具有的微妙,而又常常是暗藏着的系统是一致的。”It is only in restrospect that fashion changes seem marked or sudden .Autually ,they come about as a result of a series of gradual shifts from one season to the next.For example ,when women’s skirts began inching up from midcalf in the 1960s,this gradual shortening was not particularly noticeable at first .It was only when skirts moved thigh-high,in the form of minis and micro-minis ,that people took notice of the approaching extreme.Similarly,when men begin to abandon ultrannarrow ties and suit lapels in favor of more and more width,the changs are not noticed at first. 只有当追溯过去的时候,流行的变迁才显得特别引人注目或突然,实际上,这些变迁的发生是从一个季节到另一个季节的一系列逐渐变化的结果。例如,女裙的逐渐变短的时候并没有被注意到,。 ………………………………………………………… Color can be the basis for a whole group or line .It is the first element to which consumers respond .People relate personally to color,usually either selecting or rejecting a garment beccause of its ccolor appeal.Therefore,designers must cconsider their customers and provide colors that are both appealing and flattering. 色彩是整个款式系列中的基本要素,它是能够引起顾客回应的第一要素。人们把色彩和个人联系起来,他们往往根据颜色来选择或拒绝一件衣服,因此设计师必须考虑他们的顾客,并且提供出令他们喜爱和满意的色彩,消费群体。 In clothing,neutrals such as beige,tan,brown,white ,gray,and black are even more popular than the ccolors just mentioned.The reason is probably that they present a pleasing background for the wearer without completing for attention. Neutrals are part of every season‖s fashion picture ,as either a strong fashion statement or a way to round out a color story. 在服装中,中色调例如灰中色,深褐,褐色,白灰和黑色,甚至还有比刚刚提到的更多的

上海海洋大学专业英语期末翻译

Analog computers are analog devices. That is, they have continuous states rather than discrete numbered states. An analog computer can represent fractional or irrational values exactly, with no round-off. Analog computers are almost never used outside of experimental settings. 模拟计算机是模拟设备。也就是说,他们是连续状态而不是离散的有限状态。一个模拟计算机可以精确代表小数或无理数,没有舍入。模拟计算机几乎从不被使用在实验设置以外。 A processor typically contains an arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), control unit( including processor flags, flag register, or status register), internal buses, and sometimes special function units( the most common special function unit being a floating point unit for floating point arithmetic). 一个处理器通常包含一个算术/逻辑单元(运算器),控制单元(包括处理器标志,标志寄存器,或状态寄存器),内部总线,有时特殊功能单元(最常见的特殊功能单元作为一个浮点单元用于浮点运算)。 CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer. Mainframe computers and minicomputers were CISC processors, with manufacturers competing to offer the most useful instruction sets. Many of the first two generations of microprocessors were also CISC. CISC代表复杂指令集计算机。大型计算机和小型计算机是CISC处理器,与制造商竞争提供最有用的指令集。微处理器的前两代中许多也是CISC。 Lesson 2 Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense mounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching). 超级计算机是一个广泛的术语,因为它是目前可用的最快的计算机之一。超级计算机是非常昂贵的,并且它被用于需要大量的数学计算(数字运算)的专门应用。 It is a midsize computer. In the past decade, the distinction between large minicomputers and small mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction between small minicomputers and workstation. But in general, a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of supporting up to 200 users simultaneously. 它是一个中型计算机。在过去的十年中,大的小型机和小的大型机之间的区别已经模糊,然而,有小的小型机和工作站之间的区别。但在一般情况下,一个小型机是一个能够同时支持多达200个用户的多处理系统。 Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, a large amount of RAM, built-in network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have a mass storage device such as disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called a diskless workstation, comes without a disk drive. 工作站一般都配有一个大的,高分辨率的图形屏幕,大量的内存,内置网络支持以及一个图形用户界面。大多数工作站也有一个大容量存储设备如磁盘驱动器,但是一种特殊类型的工作站,被称为无盘工作站,是不带磁盘驱动器的。

汽车专业英语词汇

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经典英文段落翻译__英译汉15篇

1.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州:“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市,它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国,也流传着这样的话:“上有天堂,下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收,宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州,您可以饱览西湖的秀色,也不妨漫步街头闹市,品尝一下杭州的名菜名点,还可购上几样名特土产。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products. 2.在设备制造期间,雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验,同时检查其制造进度。这一切应在工作时间内于承包商的工厂里进行。如果工程设备正在其它第三方工厂制造,承包商应为卖方代表获得他能在该工厂进行此类检查、研究和检验的许可。此类检查、研究或检验不应解除承包商在合同中的任何义务。 The Employer’s representative shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship and check the progress of manufacture of all Plants to be supplied under the Contract. This shall take place on the Contractor’s promises during working hours. If the plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain permission for the Employer’s representative to carry out such inspection, examination and testing on those premises. 3. 雇主或项目经理提交给承包商的雇主的图纸,技术规格以及其它资料仍应为雇主的财产。除非是为了合同的需要,未经雇主同意,承包商不得使用、复制这些材料或将之传递给第三方。 承包商应对承包商的图纸中的任何错误或遗漏负责,除非他们可归因与雇主或项目经理提供的不正确的雇主图纸或其它书面资料。项目经理对承包商的图纸的批准不应解除本款规定的承包商的任何责任。 The Employe r’s drawings, specification and other information submitted by the Employer or the Project Manager to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Employer. They shall not, without the consent of the Employer, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by the Contractor unless necessary for the purposes of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for any errors or omissions in the Contractor’s Drawings unless they are due to incorrect Employer’s Drawings or other written information supplied by the Employer or the Project Manager. Approval by the Project Manager of the Contractor’s drawings shall not relieve the Contractor from any responsibility under this Sub-Clause.

专业英语翻译作业译文

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