中考英语语法——并列句的用法

中考英语语法——并列句的用法
中考英语语法——并列句的用法

一、并列句的构成:

并列句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so等把两个或两个以上互不依从,但意思紧密联系的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。其结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。

二、并列句的分类:

1. 表示同等关系的并列句

这类并列句常用并列连词and连接前后简单句,and常译为“和”、“并且”,也可不译出来。例如:

He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球,并且踢得很好。

Last year l met Kate and we became friends.去年我和凯特相遇,我们成了朋友。

2. 表示转折关系的并列句

这类并列句常用并列连词but(但是),yet(可是),while(而,另一方面),however(可是)等连接前后简单句,but常译为“但是”,“可是”,切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。例如:

It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴,但是它会说话。

School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了,可是老师们仍然在工作。

He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家,而我则想当科学家。

It's raining hard, however, we must go out. 雨下得很大,然而我们必须出去。

3. 表示选择关系的并列句

这类并列句常用并列连词or(或者,否则)等连接前后简单句。

or有两重含义:

(1)译为“或者”,表示选择。例如:

Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息,或者去看电影。

(2)译为“否则”、“要不然”,表示条件。例如:

You must tell the truth,or you will be punished.你必须说真话,否则你将会受到惩罚。

4. 表示因果关系的并列句

这类并列句常用并列连词for,so等连接前后简单句。

(1)for在意义上与从属连词because,since和as相同,但它们引导的是原因状语从句,而for则连接两个简单句,前者表示结果,后者表示原因。其结构为:简单句(结果)+for+简单句(原因)。例如:

He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友,因为他是个诚实的男子汉。

(2)so意为“因此”、“所以”,但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because 是从属连词,而是并列连词,用来连接并列句。其结构为:简单句(原因) +so +简单句(结果)。例如:

Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.李老师回家乡去了,所以王老师替他上课。

5. 其他形式的并列句

(1)“祈使句+and+简单句”。其中祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词and引导的简单句则表示一个较好的结果,谓语常用一般将来时。例如:

Use your head, and you will find a way.动脑筋,你就会想出办法来。

(2)“祈使句+or+简单句”。祈使句表示一个条件,并列连词or后的简单句则表示一个不愉快或不理想的结果。例如:

Study hard, or you will fall behind the others.努力学习,否则你就会落于别人。

(3)“either...or”结构表示“不是……就是……”,“或者……或者……”,例如:

Either my uncle can do it, or my aunt can do it. 我叔叔可以做那件事,或者我婶婶也可以做。

习惯上将两个句子合并成Either my uncle or my aunt can do it.

(4) “not only…but also”意思为“不仅……而且……”,例如:

Not only the students have missed the school car, but also the teacher has missed the school car.不仅学生,而且他们的老师都误了校车。

(5) “neither…nor…”结构,意为“既不……也不……”,“两者都不……”,用法与either …or…,not only …but also…相同。

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