2020中考英语专题讲义：非谓语动词(带答案)
中考英语专题讲义：非谓语动词（带答案）
学科老师辅导讲义
课前回顾
1.单词默写
2.作业讲解
知识梳理
知识点1：非谓语动词
一、动词不定式（重点）
1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变
化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定
语和状语。
1）作主语
例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.
【说明】动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
It is + adj.+ 动词不定式
如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.
It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.
辨析：It's for sb.和It's of sb.
A. for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible
等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
B. of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever,
foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
【说明】for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用
F. continue to do continue doing
随堂练习
1. The first textbooks _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
2. —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret _______ that.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
3. We agreed _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not do
5. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
6. _______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lost
7. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
8. The Olympic Games, _______ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
9. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
10. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read
B. reads
C. to read
D. reading
12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
13. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know wh at country he studied in.
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.
A. carried out
B. carrying out
C. carry out
D. to carry out
15. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. Suffered
16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. se en
17. The research is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
20. She looks forward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit
B. paying a visit
C. walk in
D. walking in
21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______.
A. to send
B. for sending it
C. to send it to
D. for sending it to
22. —What do you think made Mary so upset?
—_______ her new bike.
A. As she lost
B. Lost
C. Losing
D. Because of losing
23. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _______.
A. 20 dollars remained
B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars
D. remaining 20 dollars
24. There are five pairs _______, but I’m at a loss which to choose.
A. to be chosen
B. to choose from
C. to choose
D. for choosing
25. _______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _______.
A. he’d like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
27. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving _______ their products more competitive.
A. to make
B. making
C. to have made
D. having made
29. Though _______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked in
30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need _______.
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving
31. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught
32. _______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
33. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
34. Sandy could do nothing but _______ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit
B. admitted
C. admitting
D. to admit
35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up
B. setting up
C. have set up
D. having set up
36. _______ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having
37. With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. setting
C. to settle
D. being settled
38. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
39. In order to make our city green, _______.
A. it is necessary to have planted more trees
B. many more trees need to plant
C. our city needs more trees
D. we must plant more trees
40. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key _______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ b y the customers.
A. to solving, making
B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making
D. to solve, made
41. The teacher asked us _______ so much noise.
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
42. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
43. He looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
答案详解:
1. D。表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。
2. D。regret doing sth 表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉”，主语通常是I / we, regret 用一般现在时。
3. C。agree 只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选C。
4. A。根据句型tell sb (not) to do sth，排除C 和D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略to 后的内容，只保留to, 所以只有A 对。
5. B。make sb do sth 的被动式为sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。
6. C。考查过去分词作状语。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought。be lost in thought(沉思)是固定搭配；这类习惯表达还有be caught in the rain(遭雨淋), be dressed in red(穿着红衣), be seated(就座)等。
7. C。本句是warn sb (not) to do sth 的被动式。
8. C。因The Olympic games 与play 是被动关系，排除A 和D；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除B。表示“被动、完成”，用过去分词。
9. B。would love / like 后面只能接不定式，排除C 和D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，后接不定式完成式，故选B。
10. A。现在分词作结果状语。
11. D。句中read 意为“有某字样”，a message pinned to the door 意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，a message 与read 是主动关系，因此用现在分词。
12. B。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与to make it easier 形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。
13. A。由studied 可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。
14. A。此句结构复杂,句中的that 引导一个定语从句，它代表the plan 并在从句中作see 的宾语，the plan 与carry out 是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即卻ee the plan carried out the next year.
15. A。句意为“这条河已经遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许为时已晚了”。suffer 发生在clean up 之前，且有already 暗示，无疑要用现在分词的完成式作状语。
16. B。remain 作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表语，see 与it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。
17. D。“连词+分词”作状语，依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research 与begin 是被动关系，用过去分词begun。
18. C。do with 与what 连用是一个很有用的结构，可以表示“处置”、“利用”等。
19. B。find 后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语，但不接不定式。he 与smoke 是主动关系，用-ing 形式作补语，故选B。
20. D。look forward to 中to 是介词，后接动词要用动名词。若选B，应在其后加to 才行。
21. C。不定式作定语，the person 是send it 的对象，可理解为to send it to the person。
22. C。用完整的句子应这样回答：Losing her new bike made Mary so upset.
23. D。因为remain 是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，所以要用remaining(剩下的) 作定语，修饰20 dollars。
24. B。句意是“有五双可供选择，我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”，而不是选择五双。
25. C。Harvard(哈佛大学)与found(建立)是被动关系，且早在1636年已建立，故用过去分词。
26. D。考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。因and 连接两个并列的简单句，前一分句用-ing 形式作主语，后一分句也应用-ing 形式作主语。
27. D。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。Finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语显然是she，故选D。意为：她发现她的车被人偷了，她就赶紧报警求援。
28. A。不定式作目的状语。“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的”。
29. C。“连词+分词”作状语。his parents 与lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，又因为lack 是及物动词，不用介词，故选C。
30. A。that 引导的从句与problem 是同位语。need, want, require 等表示“(某物)需要做某事”时，后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以。
31. C。lead to(导致、使)中的to 是介词，后接动名词；逻辑主语the thief 与catch 是被动关系，故选C。
32. A。given 作介词，意为“鉴于、考虑到”，可接名词或that 从句。
33. B。hang 表示“悬挂”时，可用作及物或不及物动词，此处填hanging 或hung 均可，但不能填being hung，因为它表示动作正在进行，而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态。
34. A。介词后接动词一般要用动名词，但but / except 等介词后却可以接不定式，前面有行为动词do 时不带to，无do 时要带to。
35. B。devote卼o?把…贡献给…；致力于…)中to 是介词，应接-ing 形式；all 是devote 的宾语，he had 是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句，修饰all。注意，千万不要以为had to 是“不得不”，后接动词原形，而去选A，那就中了命题人的圈套了。
36. A。不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了下午多睡一会，Bob 关掉了闹钟。
37. C。“新当选的总统日子不好过”是因为“有许多问题要解决”，表示“有…要…”用不定式作定语。
38. A。mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味着。句意为：在英国的某些地方搭不上公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时。
39. D。“使城市绿化”是“我们(we)”的目的。
40. B。key to(…的关键)中to 是介词，应接动名词；又因名词demand 与make 是被动关系(make demands 提出要求)，另有by 这一标志词暗示，用过去分词作定语。
41. D。ask，tell, want 等后要接带to 的不定式作宾补，其否定式是在不定式前加not。即ask sb (not) to do sth 叫某人(不要)做某事。
42. D。give 与其逻辑主语he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选D，Given time=If he is given time。
43. D。catch sb. doing sth. 意为碰巧撞见某人正在做某事。
归纳总结
1.非谓语动词易错点
2.非谓语动词难点
课后作业
1.整理错题
2.回家作业
1. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
3. The man insisted ________ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearb y.
A. find
B. to find
C. on finding
D. in finding
4. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
5. You were silly not ________ your car.
A. to lock
B. to have locked
C. locking
D. having locked
6. Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth.
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
7. When flint ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
8. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window.
A. looking
B. to look
C. looked
D. having looked
9. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
10. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
11. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
12. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ________ before the party.
A. get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to change
13. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to stay another two days off the farm.
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
14. I don’t know whether you happen ________ , but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September.
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
15. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.
A. pass
B. to pass
C. passed
D. passing
17. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
初中英语非谓语动词详解
非谓语动词 非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用） Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ..分词起形容词作用） He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ...不定式起副词作用) 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语） Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. （to have a talk.... 不定式作状语） 2)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式） Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形） 非谓语动词的形式变化： 不定式主动被动 一般to write to be written 进行to be writing 完成to have written to have been written 完成进行to have been writing 现在分词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written 过去分词主动被动 一般written 动名词主动被动 一般writing being written 完成having written having been written ●动词不定式： 动词不定式是由to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。(主语,宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语) 1. 动词不定式作主语： To master a language is not an easy thing. To teach English is my favorite. It's my pleasure to help you. 动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。 It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。 It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。 2. 动词不定式作宾语： 某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask. What I wish is to learn English well.
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