名词及名词短语

可数名词复数变化规则：

几个外来词的复数：German--Germans；Roman--Romans；

Norman-Normans；piano--pianos；photo-photos.

可数名词复数的不规则变化：

有生命名词的所有格：

无生命名词的所有格：

考点一：名词辨析

1.(1)accident“意外事件，偶发事件”，一般指(不幸的)事故，如车祸、天灾之类。a chapter of accidents一连串的意外事故；by accident意外地；a happy accident 侥幸；Accidents will happen在所难免。(2)incident多指较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事情，也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。Without incident，平安无事

(3)affair“事物，要事”，头绪繁多的事；恋爱事件。World affairs 世界大事；foreign affairs外交事务；state of affairs局势，事态；be sb`s affair使某人自己的事。

(4)business“事情”，主要用于一些习语中，常带有厌恶感。Business is business.公事公办.none of your own business/mind your own business，不管你的事，别多管闲事；get down to business，认真干某事；have no business doing/to do无权/不应该做某事；business as usual照常营业；be in business/go into business做生意，经商，办公司；be on business出差；business suit（办公室穿的）西装；

monkey business 恶作剧。

(5)event大事，发生的事情，尤指重要事情；也可指(体育运动的)赛项目。In any event/at all events无论如何；in the event of rain/an accident万一下雨/万一发生意外

Lucy was badly hurt in a traffic accident last week.(浙江高考) 上个星期Lucy在车祸中严重受伤。

We will never forget the July 7th Incident of 1937.

我们永远不会忘记1937年的七七事变。

For them，playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. 对他们来说，好好表现并获取胜利往往是生死攸关的大事。

It's none of your business.这不关你的事。

She can't remember events from a long time ago.

她记不起很久以前的事情。

2.(1)quantity表示“数量”。

(2)quality既可以表示事物的“品质”，还可以表示人的“品德，素质”。

(3)character泛指性格，无所谓好坏，还可以表示“角色，文字，母”。

(4)personality意为“个性”。

It's often less expensive to buy goods in quantity，but you'd better exam the quality before buying them.

大量购物便宜，但是在购买之前你最好检测质量。

Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also be good for character.(2009·湖北高考)

独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康。或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。

(1)condition意为“条件，情况，状况”，其单数形式指人或物所处的状况，这时与state意义相近，常可互换，但condition还常指由于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况、物的完好程度、设备的可用性等。复数形式多指一般、笼统的情况。Living /working/driving conditions工作/生活条件；under excellent/terrible etc conditions在...条件下；be in good/bad condition处于良好/不好状态

(2)situation指某一时间由各种情况造成的“处境，形势”。

(3)state指人或事物所处的状态或状况，常和condition换用，此外，state还常表示思想、感情、心理等状态。(4)position指人或事物所处的位置、地位。

From their position on the top of the TV Tower，visitors can have a better view of the city.(2009·陕西高考)

从他们在电视塔顶的位置，游客们可以更好地看到这个城市。School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。

I've had no exercise for ages，and I'm really out of condition.我好久不运动，身体欠佳。

They were silent for a long time，in a state of painful hesitati-on and doubt.他们处于一种痛苦的踌躇与疑虑状态中，长时间相对无言。3.(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物

潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。

(2)strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”；说物时，指“强度”。

(3)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。

(4)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。

It's not within my power to help you.我是爱莫能助啊。

A washing machine is a saver of time and strength.

洗衣机省时又省力。

The UN tries to limit the use of force in conflicts.

联合国尽力禁止在冲突中使用暴力。

You'll need to apply all your energy to this job.

你需要把全部精力投入到这项工作中去。

4.(1)scenery指一个国家或地区的整体自然风景，是不可数名词。(2)scene(戏剧中的)一场；(电影、书中的)场景；(某地方或者图画中的)景色；(事故或者罪行的)发生地点、现场；情景，景象。

(3)view表示视野、眼界，常指从某一固定位置见到的景色。

Have a good/bad/wonderful etc view of看得见/看不见/看得非常清楚Come into view出现在视野中；be in view在视野中；be on view在展览，在陈列着；in view of，考虑到，由于；block sb`s view挡住某人视线；take the view that持...的观点

(4)sight侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特的景色。lose one`s sight=become blind.

At the sight of/on sight一看见就...；at first sight初见；out of sight，out of mind眼不见，心不烦；know sb by sight ；come into sight/disappear from sight出现/消失；the sights名胜，风景，奇观；go sightseeing 去观光，（sightseeing，不可数名词）

On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful.(全国高考)在上山的途中我一直忙于拍照，因为风景太漂亮We climbed higher so that we might see the scenes better.

我们往更高处爬以便能更好地观看这景色。

You will get a fine view of the town from the top of the hill.

在小山顶上，你能很好地欣赏到小城的全貌。

The sunset was a very beautiful sight.那落日真是一幅美景。

5.(1)mark标志，标记。

(2)sign记号，标记，迹象。

(3)signal信号。

(4)symbol象征，符号

In our class，when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book，it was a signal for everyone to stand up.(2009·湖北高考)

在课堂上，铃声响起，老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。

There were no signs of life on the island.

那个岛上没有生命存在的迹象。

Please make a mark where you have a question.

请在你有问题的地方做个记号。

The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power.(上海高考)

狮子被认为林中之王，因为它是勇气和权力的象征。

考题巩固：

1．(2010·天津高考)James took the magazines off the little table to make ________ for the television.

A．room；B．Area；C．field ；D．position

2．(2010·江苏高考)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good ________.

A．expectation ；B．Reputation；C．contribution ；D．Civilization 3.There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.(2011·山东，34)

A．tradition B．Balance C．concern D．relationship

解析句意：我们办公室有个惯例，当某个人过生日的时候，他们带来蛋糕供我们大家一起分享。考查名词辨析。tradition传统，惯例；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系。A项符合

考点二：抽象名词具体化

1)difficulty 困难；a difficulty 一件难事

(2)experience 经验；an experience 一次经历

(3)failure 失败；a failure 一位失败者，一件失败的事

(4)knowledge 知识；a good knowledge 丰富的知识,

(5)success 成功；a success 一位成功者，一件成功的事

(6)surprise 惊奇；a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事

(7)honour 荣誉；an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人(事) (2010·福建高考)It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.

A．不填；a ；B．a；不填C．the；a D．a；the

解析：句意：上海世博会给人们带来了快乐，欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。有些不可数名词，如knowledge，command，feeling等，前面有“a/an＋形容词”修饰时，表示一件具体的事情。pleasure在此意为“愉快，快乐”，为不可数名词，故不加冠词。

(2010·北京高考)First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression. A．a；the B．the；the C．a；a D．the；a

解析：句意：第一印象最持久。毕竟，你不会再有机会去形成第一印象。第一空后有second，在此表示再一次机会，而不是表顺序，应用不定冠词；第二空中的第一印象是泛指，也不是表示顺序，又根据题干可以判断impression在此处是可数名词，可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词，故选择C项。

(2010·湖北高考)This restaurant has become popular for its wide ________ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.

A．division B．area C．range D．circle

解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意：这家餐馆很受欢迎，因为它提供各

种食物，能满足各种口味和各种消费层次。division 区分，分开，除法，部门；area 区域，面积，范围；range一系列，(变动或浮动的)范围，界限；circle圆周，循环，社交圈。语境说能满足各种口味和消费层次，由此判断选C。

(2010·湖北高考)After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide ________for the homeless families. A．accommodation B．occupation；C equipment D furniture (2010·山东高考)Those who suffer from headache will find they get ________ from this medicine. A．relief B．safety；C．defense D．shelter (2011·玉都月考)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest ________.

A．interruption B．instruction C．consideration D．convenience 解析：考查名词辨析。at your earliest convenience 是固定表达，表示“在你方便的时候请尽早”，符合句意。interruption“打断”；instruction“指导，指示”；consideration“考虑”。

3．The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major ________ of global climate change.(2011·福建，26)

A．result B．cause C．warning D．reflection

解析句意：公众缺乏环保习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。考查名词辨析。cause原因，起因；result结果；warning警告；reflection反思，反省。根据句意可知，正确答案为B项。

答案B

英语翻译必备词组

Give the floor to 请…发言 It is a great pleasure for me to我很荣幸… Relevant issues 相关问题 Updated research research result 最新的调查结果 Attach the importance to 对…给予重视 Lead-edge technologies领先技术 Minister Counselor公使 Natural heritage自然遗产 Shared concern 共同关心的问题 Well-deserved reputation良好的信誉对…表示衷心的感谢express sincere gratitude to 请…讲话Let’ s welcome to give a speech 双边会议bilateral conference 以掌声对…表示的最热烈的欢迎propose the warmest applause to 主办单位sponsor 颁奖仪式the Award Ceremony 贺词greeting speech 隆重举行observe the grand opening of 请…颁奖Let’s invite to present the award 取得圆满成功achieve complete ceremony 全球庆典global celebration ceremony 宣布…结束 declare the closing of 请全体起立，奏国歌 Please rise for the national anthem. Collective stewardship集体管理 Competitive job market充满竞争的就业市场 Financial institutions金融机构 Forward-looking进取 Gross National Product国民生产总值 Meet the challenges 迎接挑战 Public authorities公共机构 Regulatory mechanism 法规机制 The threshold of our transition into the new millenmum跨越新千年的门槛 UNCHS (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements)联合国人居中心Urban residents 城市居民 Well-serviced formal city服务齐全的高尚城市把…列为重要内容place as the priority 不放松工作never neglect the work 节约用水 water conservation 对…表示衷心祝贺extend our sincere congratulations on 节约用水先进城市model city of water conservation 使…取得预期效果attain the results expected 授予…光荣称号 confer honorable awards on 为…而奋斗strive for

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Unit 1 Ⅰ. Useful Expressions 1. 被系在…上be attached to… 2. 探索行为exploratory behavior 3. 偶尔on occasion 4. 父母的责任parental duties 5. 揭示，阐明throw light on 6. 最终目的an ultimate purpose 7. 要做的动作desired action 8. 所希望的结果desirable outcome 9. 关键critical point 10. 育儿观value of child rearing 11. 弥补某种错误行为making up for a misdeed 12. 回想起来in retrospect 13. 善意的well-intentioned 14. 前来帮助某人come to sb.’s rescue 15. 极其熟练、温和地with extreme facility and gentleness 16. 适用于apply to 17. 发展到evolve to 18. 发展创造力promote creativity 19. 值得追求的目标worthwhile goals Ⅵ. Sentence Translation

1. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing. (=然而，我和艾伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。) 2. He probably got as much pleasure out of the sounds the key made as he did those few times when the key actually found its way into the slot. (=他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。) 3. I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on Chinese attitudes toward creativity. (=我很快意识到，这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关：考察儿童早期教育（尤其是艺术教育）的方式，揭示了中国人对创造性活动的态度。) 4. 我的中国同行，除了少数几个人外，对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。(= With a few exceptions my Chinese colleagues displayed the same attitude as the staff at the Jinling Hotel.)

英语短语100条

1.yield to对…屈服,投降,让步,顺从 2.be worthy of(=be deserving of)值得,够得上,配得上 3.absence of mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉 4.absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态): be absorbed in全神贯注于… be engrossed in; be lost in;be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on 5.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于,富有abound 6.access(to)(不可数名词)能接近,进入,了解 7.by acciden t(=by chance,accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely)安全地, 8.of one’s own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地,主动地 9.in accord with与…一致.out of one’s accord with同….不一致 10.with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11.in accordance with(=in agreement with)依照,根据 12.on one’s own account

1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益 2)(=at one’s own risk)自行负责 3)(=by oneself)依靠自己 on account赊账on account of因为on no account不论什么原因也不of…account有…重要性 13.take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 14.give sb.an account of说明,解释(理由) 15.account for(=give an explanation or reason for)解释,说明. 16.on account of(=because of=in that)由于,因为. 17.on no account(=in no case,for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 18.accuse…of… (=charge…with; blame sb.for sth. blame sth.on sb.; complain about)指控控告 19.be accustomed to doing (=be in the habit of,be used to)习惯于. 20.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially)熟悉 21.to be or not to be（彩蛋，看看谁没有认真读完，看到请留言）

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英语短语大全翻译版 benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题） 5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……） 6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……） 7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……） 8:It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点 1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others be lieve that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……） 2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解） 3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异） 4:There are differen t opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾 1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……） 2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……） 3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturall y/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……） 4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5:There is no doubt that (job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.（毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点） 6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议 1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了） 2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视） 3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……） 4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……） 5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）五、预示后果 1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）版权归属：英语作文https://www.360docs.net/doc/0016815751.html,

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心之所向，所向披靡中国国家机关China’s State Organs 全国人民代表大会--------------National People’s Congress (NPC) 主席团-----------------------Presidium 常务委员会-------------------Standing Committee --办公厅---------------------General Office --秘书处---------------------Secretariat --代表资格审查委员会----------Credentials Committee --提案审查委员会--------------Motions Examination Committee --民族委员会------------------Ethnic Affairs Committee --法律委员会------------------Law Committee --财务经济委员会--------------Finance Affairs Committee --外事委员会------------------Foreign and Economy Committee --教育，科学，文化委员会-------Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee --内务司法委员会--------------Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs --华侨委员会------------------Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee --法制委员会------------------Commission of Legislative Affairs --特定问题委员会--------------Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions --宪法修改委员会--------------Committee for Revision of the Constitution 中华人民共和国主席------------President of the People’s Republic of China 中央军事委员会----------------Central Military Commission 最高人民法院------------------Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院----------------Supreme People’s Procuratorate 国务院-----------------------State Council (1)国务院部委----------------Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council ------外交部-----------------Ministry of Foreign Affairs ------国防部-----------------Ministry of National Defense

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英语翻译常用词组

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17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能;远非 19. head into走向;陷入(危机) 20. in the matter of 关于;就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来;加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 25. refer to…提到;谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当;犹如 28. in terms of 根据;按照;在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说;大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要

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英语短语翻译

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一步之隔，近在咫尺 a stone’s throw 一无所知 know nothing 一事无成 achieve nothing 上上下下 up and down 来来回回 back and forth 来来往往 to and from 胸有成竹 has already a solution in his mind. 乱七八糟 all in a mess 聚精会神 fix their mind 心甘情愿 willing to be 家破人亡 broken up many families 其乐无穷 It’s a pleasure to 助人为乐 being always ready to help others. 焕然一新 taken on a new look 突如其来 As a result of the sudden 难以预测 It’s hard to predict 成功卫冕 succeeded in winning the championship 开卷有益 reading benefits a lot 兴致勃勃 in high spirits 千方百计 tried by all means to 轻而易举 without any difficulty 白日做梦 It’s a daydream to

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U n i t1 Section A

1.制作单词卡片3.听磁带 5.看录像 7.小组学习 9.一字一字地11.发现干sth困难13.学会学英语15.他们脸上的表情17.记笔记 19.做语法练习21. 大声重复出来2.读课本 4.向老师求助 6.和sb交谈(3) 8.作报告 10.对…有耐心 12.…的秘诀 14.爱上 16.查字典 18.记句型 20.用英语写日记 22.害怕干sth(2) 23.大声读来练习发音怎么样？ 24.我用那种方法学到了很多。 25.它确实提高了我的口语技巧。 26.我认为那非常有效。 27.听懂英语口语太难了。 28.尽量通过阅读前后句来猜测单词的意思。 29.你可以通过每天阅读你喜欢的东西而变得更好。

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