2016年5月英语三级笔译实务真题+译文

2016 年5 月英语三级笔译实务真题

英译汉

Old people in Widou Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky. Now, miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal, dotted with occasional bushes and trees. Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere, but hardly any dried grass is.

维多西恩格里（Widou Thiengoly）的老人们都说，当年这里树木繁盛，林荫蔽日。而如今，这座位于塞内加尔西北部的村落四周绵延数英里都是红褐色的沙土，灌木丛和大树零星点缀其间。动物干粪在这里随处可见，但是干草却遍地难寻。

Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch, an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders, often nomadic. But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,” Mr. Boetsch said in an interview. “The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”

吉尔?波特舍（Gilles Boetsch）是一位人类学家，现正带领一支法国科研团队与塞内加尔的研究人员在当地联合开展研究。他说过度放牧和气候变化是撒哈拉沙漠面积不断扩大的主要原因。波特舍先生在接受采访时说：“当地的颇耳（Peul）族人都是牧民，很多还是游牧民，但是过度放牧已令这片土地不堪重负，植被无法自然恢复。”

Since 2008, however, Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert. Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer, or 340-mile, ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project, the Great Green Wall. First proposed in 2005, the program links Senegal and 10 other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a 15 kilometer-wide, 7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert. While many countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier, Senegal has taken the lead,

with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.

不过，塞内加尔自2008 年起就开始对抗沙漠的侵蚀。自那时起，该国每年在绵延545 千米（340 英里）的狭长地带上栽种约200 万棵树苗。塞内加尔的这个防护林带是泛非洲植被恢复“绿色长城”计划的组成部分。这一“绿色长城”计划于2005 年首次提出，旨在动员塞内加尔和其他10 个撒哈拉地区的国家共同打造一条宽15 千米、长7,100 千米的防护林带，阻止撒哈拉沙漠的侵袭。许多国家目前仍未开始着手实施，不过塞内加尔已经率先行动，为此专门设立了“塞内加尔绿色长城组织”（National Agency for the Great Green Wall）。

“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable. We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,” Col. Pap Sarr, the agency’s technical director, said in an interview here. Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr. Boetsch, in fields as varied as soil microbiology, ecology, medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,” the colonel said. Each year since 2008, from May to June, about 400 people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting. In August, 1,000 people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings, about 2 million plants, allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long, dry season sets in.

在当地接受采访时，塞内加尔绿色长城组织技术负责人帕普?萨尔（Pap Sarr）上校说：“这个半干旱地区的宜居性日益下降。我们要为人们继续在此繁衍生息创造条件。”在萨尔上校的协调推动下，塞内加尔研究人员与由波特舍带领的法国科研团队建立了工作关系，双方在土地微生物学、生态学、医学和人类学等诸多领域开展联合研究。萨尔上校说：“我们希望将塞内加尔当作试验田，尝试不同的解决方案，这样当其他国家参与进来的时候就有经验可循了。”自2008 年起，每年的5、6 月份塞内加尔都会雇用约400 人照看8 个苗圃，他们负责选种、观察发芽情况、照看幼苗一直到树苗出圃。到了8 月，

还会动员1000 人将约200 万株树苗成排栽种，这样在漫长的旱季

到来之前，有整整两个月的雨季让这些树苗扎根生长。

After their first dry season, the saplings look dead, brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground, but 80 percent survive. Six years on, trees planted in 2008 are up to three meters, or 10 feet, tall. So far, 30,000 hectares, or about 75,000 acres, have been planted, including 4,000 hectares this summer.

在经历了第一个旱季后，树苗貌似枯死，褐色的嫩枝伸出地面上的坑洞，但树苗整体存活率达到80%。2008 年栽下的树苗6 年后已经有3 米（10 英尺）高了。到目前为止，植树造林面积已达3 万公顷（75,000 英亩），包括今年夏天栽种的4,000 公顷树苗。让-吕克?佩里（Jean-Luc Peiry）是位于法国克莱蒙-费朗（Clermont-Ferrand）的布莱兹?帕斯卡大学（UniversitéBlaise Pascal）自然地理学教授，他在一些植树造林的地块安放了30 个气温记录传感器。他说，植树造林工程已对当地的微气候产生了明显影响。

There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate, said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical

geography professor at the Université Blaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France, who has placed 30 sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.

“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an important impact on temperature,” Professor Peiry said in an interview. “The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderate s daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind, reducing the dust, and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,” he added. Wildlife is responding to the changes. “Migratory birds are reappearing,” Mr. Boetsch said.

“初步调查结果显示，4 到8 棵小树组成的树丛就能对气温产生重要的影响。这些小树的蒸腾作用形成了一个微气候，可以调节每日气温。”佩里教授在接受采访时说道。他还补充说：“这些小树在其他方面也大有可为：既可以减缓风吹造成的土壤流失，减抑扬尘，又能阻挡从撒哈拉沙漠刮来的裹狭着沙砾的风，就像一个摆放在门口的巨大粗糙的地垫一样。”微气候的改善也对这里的野生动物产生积极影响。波特先生说：“候鸟现在又回来了。”

The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in 1954, before Senegal achieved its independence from France in 1960. The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals, tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.

塞内加尔于1960 年从法国独立出来，在此之前，曾于1954 年修建了8 个地下水抽水站。现在这些抽水站为“绿色长城”计划保驾护航，抽出的水存入巨大的蓄水池，为当地的动物、苗圃和蔬果种植园提供水源。

汉译英

健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的理想，是人类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着13 亿多人口的发展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。

Health is a prerequisite for all-round development of human beings. It is a common pursuit of human societies to improve p eople’s health and ensure their right to medical care. Health care, which has a direct bearing on people’s health, is a major issue concerning people’s well being in China, a large developing country with a population of 1.3 billion.

中国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发展现代医药和传统医药，保护人民健康。

China pays great attention to protecting and improving its people’s health. As is enshrined in China’s Constitution, medical and healthcare must be developed and modern and traditional medicines promoted to keep people healthy.

多年来，中国坚持“以农村为重点，预防为主，中西医并重，依

靠科技与教育，动员全社会参与，为人民健康服务，为社会主义现

代化建设服务”的卫生工作方针，努力发展具有中国特色的医疗卫生

事业。

Over the years, China has worked hard to develop its medical and health services with Chinese characteristics in accordance with the policy of “making rural areas the focus of our work,putting disease prevention first, supporting both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, relying on science, technology and education, and mobilizing the whole of society to join the efforts, improving the people’s health and serving socialist modernization.”

经过不懈努力，覆盖城乡的医疗卫生服务体系基本形成，疾病防治能

力不断增强，医疗保障覆盖人口逐步扩大，卫生科技水平日益提高，居民健康水平明显改善。

Thanks to unremitting efforts that have been made, medical and healthcare systemsies of disease prevention and control have been enhanced, the coverage of medical insurance has expanded, and continuous progress has been made in medical science and technology. As a result, people’s health has improved remarkably.

随着中国工业化、城市化进程和人口老龄化趋势的加快，居民健康面临着传染病和慢性病的双重威胁，公众对医疗卫生服务的需求日益提高。与此同时，中国卫生资源特别是优质资源短缺、分布不均衡的矛盾依然存在，医疗卫生事业改革与发展的任务十分艰巨。

With the quickened pace of the country’s industrialization and urbanization, as well as its increasingly aging population, the Chinese people are facing the dual health threats of infectious and chronic diseases, and the public needs better medical and health services. In the meantime, problems still exist regarding China’s health res ources, especially the shortage of high-quality resources and the unbalanced distribution of those resources. As such, China has arduous tasks ahead for reforming and developing its medical and health services.