2014年美赛C题翻译

One of the techniques to determine influence of academic research is to build and measure properties of citation or co-author networks.
学术研究的技术来确定影响之一是构建和引文或合著网络的度量属性。


Co-authoring a manuscript usually connotes a strong influential connection between researchers.
与人合写一手稿通常意味着一个强大的影响力的研究人员之间的联系。


One of the most famous academic co-authors was the 20th-century mathematician Paul Erd?s who had over 500 co-authors and published over 1400 technical research papers.
最著名的学术合作者是20世纪的数学家保罗鄂尔多斯曾超过500的合作者和超过1400个技术研究论文发表。

It is ironic, or perhaps not, that Erd?s is also one of the influencers in building the foundation for the emerging interdisciplinary science of networks,particularly, through his publication with Alfred Rényi of the paper “On Random Graphs” in 1959.
讽刺的是,或者不是,鄂尔多斯也是影响者在构建网络的新兴交叉学科的基础科学,特别是通过与阿尔弗雷德Renyi的出版论文的“随机”在1959年。



Erd?s’s role as a collaborator was so significant in the field of mathematics that mathematicians often measure their closeness to Erd?s through analysis of Erd?s’s amazingly large and robust co-author network (see the website https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/enp/ ).
鄂尔多斯作为合作者的角色非常重要领域的数学,数学家通常衡量他们亲近鄂尔多斯通过分析鄂尔多斯的令人惊讶的是大型和健壮的合著网络网站(见https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/enp/)。


The unusual and fascinating story of Paul Erd?s as a gifted mathematician, talented problem solver,and master collaborator is provided in many books and on-line websites (e.g., https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/Biographies/Erdos.html).
保罗的与众不同、引人入胜的故事鄂尔多斯作为一个天才的数学家,优秀的问题解决者,主合作者提供了许多书籍和在线网站(如。,https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/Biographies/Erdos.html)。



Perhaps his itinerant lifestyle, frequently staying with or residing with his collaborators, and giving much of his money to students as prizes for solving problems, enabled his co-authorships to flourish and helped build his astounding network of influence in several areas of mathematics.
也许他流动的生活方式,经常保持与他的合作者或居住,并给他的钱来解决问题学生奖,使他co-authorships蓬勃发展并帮助构建了惊人的网络在几个数学领域的影响力。



In order to measure such influence as Erd?s produced, there are network-based evaluation tools that use co-author and citation data to determine impact factor of researchers, publications, and journals.
为了测量鄂尔多斯等影响生产的,有基于网络的评价工具,使用作者和引文数据来确

定影响因素的研究,出版物和期刊。



Some of these are Science Citation Index, Hfactor,Impact factor, Eigenfactor, etc.
其中一些科学引文索引,Hfactor,影响因素,特征因子等。

Google Scholar is also a good data tool to use for network influence or impact data collection and analysis.
谷歌学术搜索也是一个好的数据工具用于网络数据收集和分析影响或影响。


Your team’s goal for ICM2014 is to analyze influence and impact in research networks and other areas of society.
ICM2014你的团队的目标是分析研究网络和其他地区的影响力和影响
的社会。

Your tasks to do this include:

你这样做的任务包括:



1) Build the co-author network of the Erdos1 authors (you can use the file from the
website https://https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/users/grossman/enp/Erdos1.html or the one we
include at Erdos1.htm ). 构建Erdos1 的合作网络

You should build a co-author network of the approximately 510 researchers from the file Erdos1, who coauthored a paper with Erd?s, but do not include Erd?s. 你该用文件Erdos1构建大概510位研究员的合著网络

This will take some skilled data extraction and modeling efforts to obtain the correct set of nodes (the Erd?s coauthors) and their links (connections with one another as coauthors). 这需要熟练数据提取 并 在建模上下功夫， 以便得到正确的节点和边

There are over 18,000 lines of raw data in Erdos1 file, but many of them will not be used since they are links to people outside the Erdos1 network. 文件Erdos1里有1800条原始数据，但很多可能由于不包阔在 Erdos1的网络中而用不上

If necessary, you can limit the size of your network to analyze in order to calibrate your influence measurement algorithm. 必要的话，缩小网络以便矫正你的影响力度量算法

Once built, analyze the properties of this network. 建完后分析网络性能(Again, do not include Erd?s --- he is the most influential and would be connected to all nodes in the network. In this case, it’s co-authorship with him that builds the network, but he is not part of the network or the analysis.)



2) Develop influence measure(s) to determine who in this Erdos1 network has
significant influence within the network.开发 影响途径 以决定谁在网络中重要

Consider who has published important works or connects important researchers within Erdos1.考虑谁发表了重要文献或者联合了重要的研究员
Again, assume Erd?s is not there to play these roles.


3) Another type of influence measure might be to compare the significance of a research paper by analyzing the important works that follow from its publication.
另一种类型的测量影响可能比较的意义研究论文通过分析重要的作品,从其出版。
Choose some set of foundational papers in the emerging field of network science either from the attached list (NetSciFounda

tion.pdf) or papers you discover.
选择一些新兴领域的基础性文件网络科学从附表(NetSciFoundation.pdf)或论文你发现。

Use these papers to analyze and develop a model to determine their relative influence.
使用这些文件来分析和开发一个模型来确定它们的相对影响力。

Build the influence (coauthor or citation) networks and calculate appropriate measures for your analysis.
构建的影响(合著者或引用)网络和计算分析适当措施。

Which of the papers in your set do you consider is the most influential in network science and why?
论文在你设定你认为是最具影响力的网络科学,为什么?

Is there a similar way to determine the role or influence measure of an individual network researcher?
有类似的方式来确定个体的作用或影响测量网络研究员?

Consider how you would measure the role, influence, or impact of a specific university, department, or a journal in network science?
考虑如何测量作用、影响或影响特定大学的部门,或在网络科学杂志吗?

Discuss methodology to develop such measures and the data that would need to be collected.
讨论开发这些措施和方法需要收集的数据。

4)
Implement your algorithm on a completely different set of network influence data --- for instance, influential songwriters, music bands, performers, movie actors, directors, movies, TV shows, columnists, journalists, newspapers, magazines, novelists, novels, bloggers, tweeters, or any data set you care to analyze.
一套完全不同的网络上实现算法影响的数据——例如,影响力的作曲家,音乐乐队,表演者,电影演员、导演、电影、电视节目、专栏作家、记者、报纸、杂志、小说,小说,博客,推特,或者任何你愿意分析的数据集。

You may wish to restrict the network to a specific genre or geographic location or predetermined size.
您可能希望限制网络特定类型或地理位置或预定的大小。


5)
Finally, discuss the science, understanding and utility of modeling influence and impact within networks.
最后,讨论科学、理解和建模的影响和影响在网络的效用。

Could individuals, organizations, nations, and society use influence methodology to improve relationships, conduct business, and make wise decisions?
可以个人、组织、国家和社会使用影响方法改善人际关系,做生意,和做出明智的决定吗?

For instance, at the individual level, describe how you could use your measures and algorithms to choose who to try to co-author with in order to boost your mathematical influence as rapidly as possible.
例如,在个体层面,描述如何使用你的措施和算法选择谁试图与合著者为了尽快提高你的数学的影响。

Or how can you use your models and results to help decide on a graduate school or thesis advisor to select for your future academic work?
或你如何使用你的

模型和结果来帮助决定毕业学校或导师的选择为你的未来学术工作吗?


6)

Write a report explaining your modeling methodology, your network-based influence and impact measures, and your progress and results for the previous five tasks.
写报告解释你的建模方法、基于网络的影响和影响的措施,和你之前的五项任务的进程和结果。

The report must not exceed 20 pages (not including your summary sheet) and should present solid analysis of your network data; strengths, weaknesses, and sensitivity of your methodology; and the power of modeling these phenomena using network science.
报告不得超过20页(不包括你的汇总表),应提供确凿的网络数据的分析,优势,劣势,和灵敏度的方法,建模这些现象使用网络科学的力量。





*Your submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet and your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21 pages.
*您的提交应该由一个1页汇总表 您的解决方案不能超过20页最长21页。

This is a listing of possible papers that could be included in a foundational set of influential publications in network science.
这是一个可能的论文清单,可以包含在一组基本的有影响力的网络科学出版物。

Network science is a new, emerging, diverse, interdisciplinary field so there is no large, concentrated set of journals that are easy to use to find network papers even though several new journals were recently established and new academic programs in network science are beginning to be offered in universities throughout the world.
网络科学是一个新的、新兴、多样化、跨学科领域所以没有大型、集中组易于使用找到的期刊网络报纸,尽管一些新的期刊最近网络科学的建立和新的学术项目正开始在世界各地被提供在大学。

You can use some of these papers or others of your own choice for your team’s set to analyze and compare for influence or impact in network science for task #3.
您可以使用其中的一些文件或其他你的选择你的团队的设置来分析和比较影响或影响在网络科学任务# 3。








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Erdos1, Version 2010, October 20, 2010





This is a list of the 511 coauthors of Paul Erdos, together with their coauthors listed beneath them.
这是保罗的511合作者鄂尔多斯的列表,连同他们的合作者上市。

The date of first joint paper with Erdos is given, followed by the number of joint publications (if it is more than one).
第一个日期与鄂尔多斯共同纸,紧随其后的是联合出版物的数量(如果多于一个)。

An asterisk following the name indicates that this Erdos coauthor is known to be deceased; additional information about the status of Erdos coauthors would be most welcomed.
星号的名字后表明该鄂尔多斯合著者是已故,额外的信息关于鄂尔多斯合作者的状态是最受欢迎的。

(This convention is not used for those with Erdos number 2, as to do so would involve too much work.)
(本公约不用于鄂尔多斯2号,因为这样做将导致太多的工作)。

Numbers preceded by carets follow the convention used by Mathematical Reviews in MathSciNet to distinguish people with the same names.
数字之前克拉遵循公约所使用的数学评论MathSciNet区分相同的名称。

Please send corrections and comments to grossman@https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,
请修正和评论发送到grossman@https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,

The Erdos Number Project Web site can be found at the following URL: https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/enp
鄂尔多斯数量项目网站可以找到以下URL:https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/enp


ICM：用网络来衡量影响力度
决定学术研究的影响力度的一种方法就是建立和衡量引用或共同作者网络的特性。共同作者通常意味着各个研究人员之间的重要联系。20世纪最著名的共同作者之一就是Paul Erdos，他有超过500个共同作者，并发表了1400多篇研究论文。有趣的是，通过和Alfred Renyi在1959年共同发表的《随机图》（“On Random Graphs”），Erdos也是新兴的关于网络的交叉学科的奠基人之一。Er

dos作为一个合作者，他对于数学界非常重要，很多数学家都通过分析Erdos的共同作者网络来衡量自己与Erdos的接近程度（见网址https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/enp/）。关于Erdos的不寻常的故事可以在很多书中和网上找到（https://www.360docs.net/doc/01781852.html,/Biographies/Erdos.html）。
Erdos他经常巡回于各地和不同的人合作，同时也用自己的钱来设立奖项奖励解出一些题目的学生，这使他能接触到更多的合作者，也帮助他在数学的很多领域都建立了成功的网络。为了衡量Erdos所产生的影响，人们建立了基于网络的评估方法，这些方法中用到了共同作者和引用的数据来决定研究者、论文、和期刊的影响因子。这些方法包括：科学引用参数（Science Citation Index），H因子（H-factor），影响因子（Impact factor），特征因子（Eigenfactor）等等。“谷歌学术”也是一个用于收集和分析网络影响力的工具。
你们这次ICM的任务就是，分析学术研究网络中的影响力度，和在社会其他领域中的影响力度。
你的任务包括如下：
（1）建立Erdos的共同作者网络（PDF文件第5页开始到最后的列表）。你需要建立一个大概510名与Erdos共同执笔的研究者的网络（不包括Erdos本人）。这需要一些数据提取和建模的技巧来确定正确的节点（Erdos的共同作者）和它们之间的链接（不同的合作者之间的联系）。题中的文件里面可以画出来18000多条线，但是其中很多线是连接Erdos的网络以外的人的，因此用不上。如果有必要，你可以限制网络的大小来调整关于影响力的算法。建成网络之后，分析这个网络的特性。（不包括Erdos本人，他是影响力最大的一个点而且与其他的所有节点都相连。也就是说，建立一个围绕Erdos的共同作者的网络，不过Erdos并不在这个网络里面。）
（2）建立影响力的评估方法，并确定Erdos的网络中最有影响力的人。要考虑有谁发表过重要的成果，或者与Erdos有重要的研究关系。同样，Erdos本人并不包括在这个网络中。
（3）另一种衡量影响力的方法，是通过分析一篇论文所带动的重要成果来比较论文的影响力。选取一些关于新兴的网络科学领域中的基础研究的论文（PDF文件中第3、4页的列表）或者一些你自己找到的论文。用这些论文来分析并建立一个模型去确定它们的影响力。建立影响力的网络（共同作者或引用的网络），并根据你的分析算出合理的量化结果。你所选取的论文中哪一篇对于网络科学有最重要的影响？为什么？是否有相似的方法来衡量一个独立的研究者的影响力？考虑一下怎样来衡量某一个大学、院系、或者一份期刊的影响力？讨论一下进行衡量的方法，以及你所需要的数据。

（4）在一份完全不同的网络影响力数据的基础上重新建立你的算法，比如有影响力的歌曲作家、乐队、演艺人员、电影演员、导演、电影、电视节目、专栏作家、记者、报纸、杂志、小说家、小说、发博客的人、写微博的人、或者任何你想要分析的数据。你要把网络限定在一个文体类别、或一个地理范围、或一个确定的数量中。
（5）最后，从科学性、理解、和应用这些方面讨论通过网络建立的影响力的模型。个人、机构、国家、和社会能否用这个影响力模型来改善之间的关系、进行贸易、并作出更明智的决定？比如，在个人层面，描述一下你要怎么应用你的算法和评估方法来选择一个共同作者以便使你在数学界的影响力最快提升？或者，你要怎样应用你的模型来选择研究生院或者研究生导师？
（6）写一篇解释你的模型的报告，包括基于网络的衡量影响力的方法、你对于之前5道小题所得到的结果。这份报告必须在20页之内（不包含摘要页），要包括你对于网络数据的详细的分析、优点缺点、敏感度、以及用网络来建模的优势。
（最后要交的：1页摘要页+20页的文章，一共最多21页。）