语言学试卷1
1. We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.
A. the conceptualist view意念论
B. contextualism语境主义
C. the naming theory命名论
D. behaviorism行为主义
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.
C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.脱离语境的
D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.
3. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic features.
A. Predication analysis述谓结构分析
B. Componential analysis成分分析
C. Phonemic analysis 音位分析
D. Grammatical analysis语法分析
4.Alive” and“dead” are ___________.
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational antonyms
C. complementary antonyms 互补反义词
D. None of the above
5. ________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sense
6. _________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.
A. Polysemy一词多义
B. Synonymy同义词
C. Homonymy同音异义
D. Hyponymy下义关系
7. Words that are close in meaning are called ___________.
A. homonyms同音异义词
B. polysemies一词多义
C. hyponyms下义词
D. synonyms同义词
8. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.
A. grammatical rules
B. selectional restrictions选择限制，选限结构
C. semantic rules
D. semantic features
9. The pai r of words “lend” and “borrow” are ___
A. gradable opposites
B. relational opposites关系反义词
C. co-hyponyms并列下义词
D. synonyms同义词
10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.
A. +animate，+male，+human，-adult
B. +animate，+male，+human，+adult
C. +animate，-male，+human，-adult
D. +animate，-male，+human，+adult
11. Cold and hot are called ____ antonyms.
A. complementary
B. gradable 可分类的
C. reversal
D. converse
12. “I bought some roses” ____ “I bought some flowers”.
A. entails
B. presupposes假定，预料，以…为先决条件
C. is inconsistent with与…不一致
D. is synonymous with和…同义
13. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into Prague School.布拉格学派
A. Bloomfield布罗姆菲尔德
B. Saussure索绪尔
C. Jakobson雅各布森
D. Firth弗思
14. According to Krashen克拉申（美国语言学家）, ____ refers to the gradual and subconscious
development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative
situations.
A. learning
B. competence
C. performance
D. acquisition
15. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, ____ is a product of L2 training, mother tongue
interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.
A. interlanguage中介语
B. interference
C. language transfer
D. linguistic relativity
16. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说
has two thrusts: ____ and ____.
A. Linguistic description, Linguistic determinism
B. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic relativity （语言决定论，语言相对论）
C. Linguistic relativity, Linguistic description
D. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic performance
17. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and used by people who speak
different language for restricted purpose is ____.
A. pidgin洋泾宾语
B. creole
C. dialect
D. blends
18. ____ is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that the only things valid enough to
confirm or refute o scientific theory are interpersonally observable phenomena, rather than people’s introspections or intuitions.
A. Mentalism
B. Functional grammar
C. Case grammar格文法
D. Behaviorism
19. ____ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.
A. Interlanguage
B. Ideology
C. Dialect
D. Interference
20. “There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to”. This is the ____ view concerning the study of meaning.
A. naming theory
B. conceptualist概念论者
C. contextualist语境主义者
D. behaviorist
21. ____ covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the study of linguistic communication.
A. Semantics
B. Sociolinguistics
C. Pragmatics语用学
D. Linguistics
22. Modern synchronic linguistics共时语言学traditionally dates from the ____ of Swiss scholar Ferdinand de Saussure.
A. Syntactic structure
B. Cours de Linguitique General
C. De Lingua Latina
D. Language and Mind
23.According to the strong version of the ____ hypothesis, language determines speakers’
perceptions and patterns their way of life.
A. Sapir Whorf
B. input
C. Grim
D.Innateness
24. ____ theorized that acquisition of language is an innate process determined by biological factors which limit the important period for acquisition of a language from roughly two years of age to puberty.青春期
A. Input hypothesis
B. Interaction hypothesis
C. Critical period hypothesis关键期假说
D.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
25. According to Chomsky, the child is born with a built – in set of rules, which have the specific function of enabling her to construct the grammar of her mother tongue. This view is to be seen as ____.
A. Input hypothesis
B. X-theory
C. Language acquisition device语言习得机制
D.Universal grammar
26. “Old” and “Young” are a pair of ____ opposites.
A. complementary
B. relational
C. converse
D. gradable
27. Systemic-Functional Grammar系统功能语法, one of the most influential linguistic theories in the 20th century, is put forward by ____.
A. Chomsky
B. Halliday哈利迪
C. Firth
D.Malinowski
28. From Halliday’s viewpoint, language is a form of realization of ____ rather than a form of realization of______.
A. knowing, doing
B. thinking, knowing
C. doing, thinking
D.doing, knowing
29. Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as .
A. interference
B. interlanguage
C. fossilization
D. acculturation
30. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “furniture/bed”? ____
A. polysemy
B. hyponymy下义关系
C. homonymy
D. antonymy
31. Which description of componential analysis for the word “woman” is right? ____
A. +human,-adult, -male
B. +human, + adult, -male
C. +human, + adult, +male
D. +human, -adult, +male
32. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a ____.
A. regional dialect
B. register
C. field
D. repertoire
33. In structural grammar, distributional analysis is used to define ____, which are taken as the basic building blocks.
A. morphemes
B. words
C. syllable
D. phonemes音素，音位
34. “Speech Act T heory” was proposed by ____ in 1962.
A. Saussure
B. Chomsky
C. Jane Austin
D. John Austin
35. The major new development in linguistics in 20th century was ____ grammar.
A. speculative
B. traditional
C. structural
D. transformational-generative
36. The study of how we do things with utterance is the study of ____, the nature of which is determined by context.
A. context
B. pragmatics
C. speech act
D. semantics
37. In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one
language. As a characteristic of societies, ____ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.
A. transfer
B. bilingualism
C. diglossia
D. inter-language
38. Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in ____.
A. relationship
B. dependence
C. sentence
D. context
39. ---TRUTH.
---Do not say what you believe to be false.
---Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.
Those can be defined as the features of ____ of Gricean maxims.
A. maxim of quantity
B. maxim of quality 质量准则
C. maxim of relation
D. maxim of manner
40. In the sentence “The angry man went furiously through the rooms.” The first division into immediate constitute should be between ____.
A. angry and man
B. man and went
C. furiously and through
D. The and angry
41. ____ refers to the effect of the utterance.
A. Illocutionary act 言外形为
B. Locutionary act言内行为
C. Perlocutionary act言后行为
D. Speech act言语行为
42. According to the author our brain is divided into two hemispheres. Language functions are mainly located in ____.
A. right hemispheres
B. front hemispheres
C. left hemispheres
D.back hemispheres
43. “A language pattern which occurs in all known language” is called ____.
A. a phonemic representation
B. a phonetic representation
C. a language universal
D. language change
44. In the sentence-------“The child found the puppy”, ____ is not a constituent.
A. The child
B. found the puppy
C. found the
D. the puppy
45. What is the relationship between the two words “flower / rose”? ____
A. Homonymy同音异义
B. Antonymy反义词
C. hyponymy下义关系
D. Polysemy一词多义
46. The function of the sentence “How are you?” ____
A. directive
B. informative
C. performative
D. phatic交际性的，交流感情的
47. Homonyms同音异义词____.
A. are words that share the same phonetic features and the same semantic features
B. are words that share the same semantic features but have different sets of phonetic features
C. are words that share the same phonetic features but have different sets of semantic features
D. are two words that all but one of semantic features in common
48. In the following dialogue, the maxim of ____ is not observed.
A. What time is it?
B. It’s terribly cold in here.
A. quality
B. quantity
C. relevance
D. manner
49. ____ are linguistic units larger than sentences.
A. Moves
B. Discourses
C. Topics
D. Tendencies
50. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? __
A. single/married
B. big/small
C. hot / cold
D. old /young
51. Usually ____ refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but linguistics is used in other areas, as well.
A. applied linguistics
B. theoretical linguistics
C. contextual linguistics
D. general linguistics
52. “Love” and “hate” are ____.
A. binary antonyms
B. complementary pairs
C. gradable antonyms
D. relational opposites
53. ____ refers to sentences not only describe or report information, but also help speakers accomplish things.
A. Speech act
B. Discourse
C. Context
D. Communication
54. The feature that distinguishes “hotdog” and “hot dog” is ____.
A. tone
B. stress
C. intonation
D. aspiration
55. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into London school.
A. Firth
B. Bloomfield
C. Boas
D. Trubetzkoy
56. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called ____.
A. semantics
B. pragmatics
C. syntax
D. language change
57. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the ____ principle proposed by J. Grice.
A. comprehensive
B. generative
C. discourse
D. cooperative
58. “Autumn” and “fall” are used respectively in Britain and America, but refer to the same thin g. The words are ____ synonyms.
A. collocational
B. dialectal
C. complete
D. stylistic
59. ____ is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, namely, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted.
A. surface structure
B. syntactic ambiguity
C. syntactic component
D. deep structure
60. ____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.
A. Dialect
B. Idiolect 个人习语
C. Ethnic dialect
D. Linguistic repertoire BBBCA ADBBB BACDA BADAB
CBACC DBDAB BBDDD CBDBB
CCCCC DCCBA ACABA ADBDB
语言学概论试题及答案
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1. 在二十世纪，对哲学、人类学、心理学、社会学等学科产生重大影响 的语言学流派是（） A.历史比较语言学 B.心理语言学 C.结构主义语言学 D.社会语言学 2. “人有人言，兽有兽语”中的“言”属于（） A.语言 B.言语 C.言语行为 D.言语作品 3. “我爱家乡”中“爱”和“家乡”（） A.是聚合关系。 B.是组合关系。 C.既是聚合关系又是组合关系。 D. 4. 一种语言中数量最少的是 A.音素 B.音位 C.语素 D.音节 5. 英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是 A. 屈折变化 B.变换重音的位置 C. 变化中缀 D.异根 6. 在汉语普通话中没有意义区别功能的声学特征是（） A.音高 B.音强 C.音长 D.音质 7. [ε]的发音特征是 A.舌面前高不圆唇 B.舌面后高不圆唇 C.舌面前半高不圆唇 D.舌面前半低不圆唇 8. 构成“语言、身体”这两个词的语素的类型（） A.都是成词语素 B.都是不成词语素 C.“语”和“言”是成词语素，“身”和“体”是不成词语素 D.“语”和“言”是不成词语素，“身”和“体” 9. 广义地说，汉语动词词尾“着”、“了”、“过”属于语法范畴中的 （）
语言学概论期末考试试卷2
语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止，语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度，分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法，研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是，二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况：一种是；一种是；还有一种是。 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族，单一语言为基础建立起来的是（） A．瑞士B．法国C．西班牙D．英格兰 2、语言是一种（） A．形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B．音义结合的听觉符号系统C．用于交际的触觉符号系统D．集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究（） A．个别民族语言的特殊规律B．人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C．几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D．汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是（） A．振幅固定而有规则的声波B．频率最低、振幅最大的音 C．具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D．不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分，是（）提出来的。 A．结构语法学B．形式语法学C．现代语法学D．传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是（） A．概括性B．民族性C．模糊性D．同语言形式的结合 7、词的（）是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A．通俗意义B．非通俗意义C．理性意义D．非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是（） A．我B．吃C．盘子里的菜D．盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的（） A．辅音文字B．音节文字C．表意文字D．意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话，在家里讲四川话，这是一种（）
语言学概论期末考试范围
语言学概论期末复习 1. diachronic linguistics Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present. 2. arbitrariness Language is arbitrary for the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural resemblance to their meaning. The link between the linguistic signs and their meanings is a matter of convention, and conventions differ radically across languages. 3. langue According to Saussure, langue refers to the abstract linguistic systems shared by all the members of a speech community. It can be thought of as the generalized rules of the language that members of a speech community seem to abide by. 4. competence Chomsky defines competence as the abstract ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language. According to him, anyone who knows a language has internalized a set of rules about the sequences permitted in his language. This internalized set of rules is termed as a person's competence. 5. morpheme The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. The “morpheme' is the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit which can not be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning. 6. Morphology Morphology studies morphemes and their different forms and the way they combine in word formation. So it refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed 7. Semantic triangle According to Ogden and Richard's semantic triangle, there is no direct link between language and the world, or between the symbol ( the linguistic elements, the word, the sentence) and referent ( the object in the world of experience). The link is via thought or reference, the concepts of our minds. 8. Lingua franca Lingua franca is the general term for a language that serves as a means of communication between different groups of speakers. 9. componential analysis Componential analysis is a way to analyze lexical meaning, and it defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components. 10. Cooperative Principle Cooperative Principle (CP) was proposed by Paul Grice, under which there are four maxims: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
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英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.360docs.net/doc/0610590232.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
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语言学概论试题及参考答案 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、（）的建立，使语言学摆脱了过去的附庸地位，成为一门独立发展的科学。 2、语言符号的形式是（），语言符号的内容是（） 3、一个音节可以没有起音和（），但决不可缺少（）。 4、方言词是诣（）。 5、附加在词根上，一般表示附加性词汇意义的语素叫（）。 6、交际的基本单位是（）。 7、语法手段可以分力两大类型：（）和（）。 8、语言发展有两个特点：（）和（）。 9、根据语言的亲属关系对语言的分类叫做（），也叫做（）。 10、文字起源于（）。 二、单选题（每题1分，共15分） 1、社会语言学属于（） ①理论语言学②广义应用语言学 ③普通语言学④狭义应用语言学 2、元音［］的名称是（） ①舌尖后高圆唇元音②舌尖前高圆唇元音 ③舌尖后高不圆唇元音④舌尖前高不圆唇元音 3、下列汉字的读音中，包含有三合元音的是（） ①邮②欧③玩④农 4、汉语普通话音节结构（） ①最长由三个音素组成②最长由四个音素组成 ③最长由五个音素组成④最短由两个音素组成 5、下列词中，属于单纯词的是（） ①玻璃②黑扳③语言④红旗 6、下列词中，属于复台词的是（） ①傻子②席子③天子④椅子 7、下列词组中，属于多义的是（） ①两只学生送的花瓶②两位学生送的花瓶 ③两只学生送的花篮。④两个学生送的花篮 8、下列词中粗体的成分，属于同音关系的是（） ①杜鲁门——杜绝②负荆一负担 ③忽然－－突然④花朵——浪花 9、英语的‘foot”（脚，单数）变为“feet”（脚，复数）运用的语法手段是（） ①附加②异根③内部屈折④重叠 10、汉语普通话中的：“卡通片”中的“卡”是一个（） ①语素②音节③前缀④词 11、汉语中的：“了、着、过”在古代具有实实在在的词汇意义，到现代变成只