语言学试题

语言学试题
语言学试题

《语言学概论》

丽水学院《语言学概论》课程组编

习题一

(第一章语言与语言学/第二章语言的构造与机制)

一、填空题

1.语言学家从公元___世纪初,开始用历史比较法研究语言,使语言学研究开始从其他学科中独立出来。___世纪末,现代语言学学科体系形成。

2.世界各国____方面的研究成果为语言学的建立打下了基础。

3.我国的语文学是由解释字义的___学、分析字形的___学、研究字音的___学三部分组成的。

4.语言学的研究,除运用各门科学的一般方法,也有自己的专门研究方法,如“_____法”、“___法”。

5.___功能是语言基本的社会功能。

6.人类最重要的辅助性际工具是___。

7.语言与动物之间传递信息交的叫声的区别主要表现在单位明晰性、___、___三个方面。

8.语言是___现象。

9.根据思维活动的不同形态,可以把思维分为______思维、___思维和___思维三种类型。

10.十九世纪中叶,瑞士语言学家____创立了系统的语言符号理论。语言的符号性是指语言中的___和___之间具有符号性特点。语言符号的基本单位是___,它是语言的___。

11.语言符号的形式是___,语言符号的内容是___。

12.语言符号有____、____和___等三个特点。

13.语言具有层级性。语言符号首先可以分为两层,其底层是____,上层是_______,即符号和符号序列。

二、名词解释

1.语言学:

2.语言:

3.言语:

4.符号:

5.语言符号:

6.历史比较法:

7.共时语言学:

8.普通语言学:

9.应用语言学:

10.微观语言学:

三、选择题(从下面四个备选答案中选出一至四个正确答案,并将其代号写在题干前的括号内。)

()1.解释字义和研究它的演变的学科称为

A.音韵学B.文字学C.训诂学D.小学

()2.研究某种语言或某种方言的某个结构部分在其发展过程中某一阶段的状况的分支学科为

A.共时语言学B.历时语言学C.具体语言学D.普通语言学()3.以所有人类语言作为研究对象的语言学称为

A.具体语言学B.普通语文学C.应用语言学D.历时语言学()4.语言学的专门研究方法有

A.归纳法B.演绎法C.历史比较法D.分布法

()5.下列分支学科属于微观语言学的有

A.语音学B.社会语言学C.语义学D.语法学

()6.下列分支学科属于共时语言学的有

A.汉语词源学B.现代汉语C.古代汉语D.汉语史稿

()7.王力先生的《汉语史稿》是一部

A.共时语言学著作

B.历时语言学著作

C.具体语言学著作

D.普通语言学著作

()8.人类最重要的辅助性交际工具是

A.语言B.文字C.表情姿态D.数学符号

()9.一个中国孩子从小在英国长大,结果他只会讲英语而不会说汉语,这是因为

A.语言具有阶级性B.语言是个人现象

C.语言是社会现象D.语言是自然现象

()10.同样表示“天”这一时间概念,汉语用(tiān)这个语音来指代,英语中却用[dei]这一语音形式来指代。这是因为语音和它所指代的意义之间的关系是

A.国家规定的B.有特殊根据的

C.社会约定俗成的D.必然的

()12.语言符号的形式是

A.语音B.语素C.词D.语法

()13.语言符号的内容是

A.语音B.语义C.词D.语法

()14.语言符号和所标记的事物之间

A.有必然联系B.没有必然联系

C.是形式和本质的关系D.是局部特征和整体的关系

()15.语言符号的基本单位是

A.词B.一个一个的字C.音节D.字母

()16.某种声音和某种意义结合成为语言符号,一经该语言群体公认和使用,任何人不能随意改变这个符号的音义结合,这体现了语言符号的

A.任意性B.依存性C.线性D.固定性

()17.一个人绝不能在同一时间里说出两个符号,这体现了语言符号的A.任意性D.依存性C.线性D.固定性

()18.只有区别意义作用而没有表义作用的语言层级是

A.音位B.语素C.词D.句子

()12.下列各项中,属于语言符号的是

A.信号旗B.文字C.音乐D.拼音字母

()13.下列各词中,能组成一个聚合的是

A.立刻B.马上C.很快D.即将

四、是非题(“是”打钩,“非”打叉)

1.语言是人类最重要的交际工具。()

2.文字是人类最重要的交际工具。()

3.地主阶级和农民阶级之间没有共同语言,这说明语言是有阶级性的。()4.语言具有自然属性,是自然现象。()

5.语言是一种特殊的社会现象。()

6.语言具体存在于个人的运用之中,所以是个人现象。()

7.在现代社会,文字比语言更加重要。()

8.现代社会,沟通的方式很多,语言的重要性日渐削弱。()

9.语言在任何时候、任何地方都具有重要作用。()

10.语言是人类特有的,动物没有语言。()

11.语言是思维的工具,没有语言,人类就无法思维。()

12.没有语言,人类照样可以思维。()

13.思维离不开语言,语言也离不开思维。()

14.语言和思维互相依存,共同发展。()

15.任何一种符号,都是由内容和意义两个方面构成的。()

16.从本质上看,语言其实是一种符号系统。()

17.人类选择语音而不是色彩、手势作为语言符号的形式,是因为语音比较好听。()

18.语言符号具有任意性特点,就是说我们平时说话用什么样的语音代表什么样的意义是自由的,不受任何约束。()

19.语言符号的约定俗成是指语音形式和意义内容的结合是社会成员共同约定认同的。()

20.语言符号是由大大小小的单位按一定规则构成的。()五、简答题

1.语言学和语文学的主要区别是什么?

2.简述语言学概论课程的主要内容。

3.语言学有哪些实践意义?

4.为什么说语言是最重要的交际工具?

5.语言作为一种社会现象,有何特殊性?

6.为什么说语言是抽象思维必不可少的工具?

7.语言符号的特点有哪些?

六、论述题

1.为什么我国的语言研究必须以马克思主义哲学为指导思想?

2.语言符号的系统性体现在哪些方面?

3.怎样理解语言是一种特殊的社会现象?从哪些方面来认识?

4.什么是语言符号的任意性?从哪些方面能看出来?

5.举例说明什么是组合关系,什么是聚合关系。

习题二

(第三章语音)

一、填空题

1.语音是___的物质外壳,是___信息的载体。

2.语音具有物理、生理和心理三种属性,其中______属性是本质属性。

3.以研究对象为标准分类,语音学可分为___语音学、___语音学和___语音学三大类。

4.计算频率的单位是周/秒,又称____。计算振幅的单位是___。

5.复合声波的音高决定于_______。

6.语音的最小单位是___。

7.音素通常分为___和___两大类。

8.声调是体现于___的___特征。

9.一个音位通常是归纳几个音素的结果,那么,属于同一音位的几个音素叫_____。

10.音位的区别特征是指______。

11.___是听觉上能够自然辨别出来的最小语音单位,它也是语音中最小的___单位。

12.以元音结尾的音节叫_____,以辅音结尾的音节叫___。

13.每个元音的音质是由_____、_____、_____三个方面的因素决定的。

14.语音同其它声音一样,也具有___、___、___、___四个要素。

15. 在发音器官中,唇、舌头、软腭、小舌、声带等是能够活动的,叫做___发音器官,上齿、齿龈、硬腭等是不能活动的,叫做___发音器官。

二、名词解释

1.语音:

2.音素:

3.音标:

4.音节:

5.元音:

6.辅音:

7.音位

8.音位变体

9.发音方法

10.发音部位

三、选择题(从下列四个备选答案中选出一至四个正确答案,并将其代号写在题干前的括号内。)

()1.从心理学角度研究语音的分支学科是

A.发音语音学B.听觉语音学

C.声学语音学D.民族语音学

()2.我们平时根据熟人说话的声音就能辨出哪个是张三,哪个是李四,这主要是因为我们熟悉说话人的

A.音高B.音长C.音强D.音质

()3.从音质方面切分出来的最小单位是

A.音素B.音位C.音节D.音频

()4.语音中能够区别词或语素意义的最小单位是

A.音素B.音位C.音位变体D.音节

()5.语音中具有表义作用的最小单位是

A.音素B.音位C.音位变体D.音节

()6.[x]是

A.舌尖前送气清塞音B.后舌面清擦音

C.舌尖后清擦音D.喉塞音

()7.现代汉语普通话中“批”的标准国际音标(宽式)是

A.[pi55 ] B.[bi55 ] C.[phi55 ] D.[bhi55 ]

()8.英语feet[fi:t](脚,复数)和fit[fit](适合)之间区别意义的特征属A.音质音位B.非音质音位

C.辅音音位D.元音音位

()9.当我们说“一个”时,常把“一”的发音由[i55 ]变成[i35 ],这种现象属于语流音变中的

A.同化B.异化C.弱化D.脱落

()10.下列音素中,送气清音是

A.[m] B.[ph ] C.[th ] D.[k]

()11.下列汉字中,韵母含有“后圆唇元音”的有

A.突B.玉C.搜D.拜

()12.下列汉字所代表的音节中,开音节的是

A.拉B.兰C.衣D.蚕

四、是非题(正确的打“√”,错误的打“×”)

1.语音的最小单位是音节。()

2.男子声音和女子声音的差别主要是发音是音重不同。()

3.儿童的声音和成人的声音差别是音长不同。()

4.发音时,声带是否振动,气流是否强,都能形成不同的音素。()

5.音素[x]的发音特点是舌面后清擦音。()

6.肺是人类发音的动力站,声带是发音体。()

7.口腔中最为灵活的发器官是上齿。()

8.发元音时,呼出的气流音比较弱,发辅音时,呼出的气流比较强。()

9.元音发音时,声带不一定振动,辅音发音时,声带一定要振动。()

10.元音[y]和[u]是舌位前后不同,其它方面的特点是一样的。()

11.音素[a]和[ɑ]的发音特点其实是一样的,没有区别,只是写法不同。()

12.所谓送气、不送气,实际上是指发音时声带是否振动。()

13.[p']和[p]这两个音素,在汉语中具有区别意义的作用,是对立关系,在英语中没有区别意义的作用,是互补关系。()

14.音位的自由变体,是指发音时音素可以任意变化。()

15.[t]、[p]、[k]三个音素的发音方法完全相同。()

16.汉语“不”是去声,在去声音节前,一般要念阳平,这种变化就是同化。()

17.汉语拼音方案是以拉丁字母为基础制订的。()

18.汉语拼音中的ü、c、h,国际音标分别写作y ts' x。()

19.发元音和辅音发音器官的各个部位均衡紧张。()

20.辅音[t]-[d]的区别特征是清浊对立。()

五、简答题

1.语音学在口耳训练方面应解决哪些问题?

2.音素、字母、音标有何区别?

3.元音和辅音的特性有哪些不同?

4.音素和音位有何区别?

5.汉语音节man、ta、kuang中的a,是三个不同音素,却是一个音位,为什么?

六、论述题

1.举例说明划分音位的方法。

2.从声音的产生方面看,音质的不同取决于哪些条件?

习题三

(第四章语法第五章语义)

一、填空题

1.词汇是一种语言中的___和______的总汇。

2.基本词具有___性、___性、___性等三个特点。

3.词汇单位包括__和______两种。

4.语素可以按构词活动能力分为_____、_____、_____三类。

5.单纯词指的是___由一个___构成的词。

6.复合词指的是___由___和___组成的词。

7.语法形式是用来表达___的。

8.词的语法特点主要是指词的___、___、和___。

9.按语言表达的不同单位,语义可以区分出___、___、___等层次不等的语义单位。

10.词义具有___性、___性、___等特点。

11.构成词的义项的最小单位是___。

12.___意义传达的是对话双方共知和已知的信息,___意义对听话者来说是新的信息。

13.如果两个表述共有一个语义内容,这两个表述就具有___句义关系。

14.如果一个表述有一个以上语义解释,句义就存在___关系。

15.句子成分分析法的基本单位是___。

16.句法结构形式具有___和___两个普遍特点。

17.语言中的语法手段主要有附加、语音交替、重叠、重音、异根、辅助词、词序、语调八种,汉语具有其中的______种。

二、名词解释

1.语法:

2.语法单位:

3.语素:

4.语义:

5.义素:

6.语义场:

7.句子:

8.语法意义:

9.语法范畴:

10.预设

三、选择题(从下面四个备选答案中选出一至四个正确答案,并将其代号写在题干前的括号内。)

()1.下列各组语言单位中,都属于词的一组是

A.同伴、分家、老鼠、喝水、草

B.人、甜、电气化、理发、老家

C.电子学、现代化、编者、打人、馈

D.养猪、酝酿、虫害、互相、比较

()2.下列各组语言单位中,都属于固定词组的一组是

A.大众化、热乎乎、马马虎虎、

B.莫明其妙、力争上游、黑咕隆咚

C.夜以继日、《市场报》、拉后腿

D.跑龙套、美利坚合众国、工业发达

()3.下列各词可分为通用词和专用词,其中都是现代汉语专用词的一组是A.瘪三、亭子间、蜈蚣、鸡公

B.驾崩、狗腿子、车床、兹、严

C.民主、专政、人民、国家、土地

D.开方、函数、大方、沙发、车

()4.下列语法单位中都是语素的一组是

A.生活、往事、花生、蜘蛛B.绿草、田野、风光、羊C.歌、牧、喇嘛、葡萄、菩萨D.老汉、煤、玻璃、窗()5.下列语法单位中都是词组的一组是

A.伟大的祖国和人民、加油、酝酿

B.唱歌、洗脸、打架、理发

C.他和我哥哥、说下去、老乡

D.美丽家园、扫除文盲、小花

()6.下列句中,词与词搭配成立的组合是

A.它穿着美好的裤子

B.天上漂着一群鸟

C.我是一个平凡但充满温暖的人

D.他的家很豪华

()7.把词划分为通用词和专用词的分类标准是

A.词在词汇体系中的地位和作用B.词的来源

C.词的使用情况D.语体属性

()8.对下列两个句子的句义关系理解正确的是

①小王从小黄那里借了一本书

②小黄借给小王一本书

A.两个句子具有歧义关系B.两个句子具有蕴涵关系

C.两个句子具有同义关系D.两个句子具有矛盾关系()9.对下列两个句子的句义关系理解正确的是

①我看见一匹马②我看见一个动物

A.两个句子具有歧义关系B.两个句子具有蕴涵关系

C.两个句子具有同义关系D.两个句子具有矛盾关系()10.下列选项属于固定词组的是

A.具有能产性B.组合成分不能随意改变

C.组合关系固定不变D.造句功能相当于词

()11.下列词语中,固定词组有

A.去上海B.走麦城C.戴手套D.戴高帽子

()12.下列选体现了词义特点的有

A.概括性B.明晰性C.模糊性D.民族性()13.对下列各词所作的语义场分析正确的一项是

①马②枣红马③哺乳动物④狗

A. ①至④属于同一个语义场----哺乳类动物场

B. ③属于①②④的上位词

C. ①④属于②的上位词

D. ②属于①的下位词

()14.下列各句中,属于二位表述的是

A.这个孩子真聪明B.他正在看电影

C.小黄借给小王一本书D.小李出去了

()15.下列词组中,反映修饰关系语义的有

A.快走B.走得快C.高质量D.质量高

()16.下列歧义句中,属于句法歧义的是

A.热爱人民的科学家B.欢迎这位英雄的父亲

C.靠近公园的小湖D.新建的工厂的大门

英语语言学试题及答案

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