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王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.
Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还
多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方
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En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re adings Developmentof EnglishLiterature 1.EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature(- 1485)2.TheEnglishRenaissance(1550-1642?) 3.The17thCentury–ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration 4 . The 1 8 thCentury–T h e AgeofEnlightenm ent 5.TheRomanticPeriod(1798- 1832)6.TheVictorianAge(1832-1901) 7.Th e20t hCen t uryLit erat ure–Mod ern is man dPo st-Mod ern ism Chapter1EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature 一．Epic （史诗） Apoemthatcelebrateintheformofacontinuousnarrativetheachievementsofone ormoreheroicpersonagesof historyortradition. AmongthegreatepicsoftheworldmaybementionedtheIliad,OdysseyandAeneidof classical. Be owulf 1.HistoricalBackground 1)) Thre e Invasions: A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5 B. C - 4 10 A.D) B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Period) C.TheNormanConquest(TheAnglo-NormanPeriod) 2)) Tw o Wars: A.TheHundredYearsWar(1337-1453) B.TheWarof theRose(1455-1485) a.Anglo-SaxonPoetry: Pagan(异教的）&ChristianBeowulf /worksofCaedmonandCynewulf. b.Anglo- NormanPoetry:Romance c.Poe try in Age of Cha u cer： d..PopularBallads:BalladsofRobinHood2. 评价 1）Beowulfisanationalepic（史诗）ofEnglishpeople. 2）ItistherepresentativeworkoftheearlyEnglishliteraturewith3000lines.3） Itswriterisunknown. 4）BeowulfisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAngloSaxonfromtheirprimitiveNorthernEurope.5）Beowulfwaspasseddownfrommouthtomouth. 6） Beowulfwaswrittendowninthe10th century.3.Charactersint hestory: Beowulf:anephewofkingofGents,apeopleinDenmark.Hrothgar:kin gofDenmark. Gre nde l: a m onster. She-monster(女妖怪):Grende l’s mother.Dra go n: a fire dra gon, a m onster. 4.OutlineofTheSongofBeowulf Te u tonic(日耳曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill them onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the kingofScyldings(Sweden)for50years.
英国文学选读知识总结
Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.
英国文学选读考试重点
西南大学英国文学选读考试重点 ☆英国文学名家名著 《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）是英国盎格鲁·撒克逊时期的一首英雄史诗，古英语文学的最高成就，同时标志着英国文学的开始。史诗的第一部分讲述瑞典青年王子贝奥武甫来到丹麦，帮助丹麦国王赫罗斯加杀死了12年来常来进行夜袭的巨妖格伦德尔及他的母亲；第二部分简述了贝奥武甫继承王位，平安统治50年。后来，他的国土被一条喷火巨龙蹂躏，老当益壮的贝奥武甫与火龙交战，杀死火龙，自己也受了致命伤。 杰弗里·乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer ，1340-1400)是英国文学之父亲和前最杰出的作家。主要作品有《坎特伯雷故事集》等。作品的主要特点是主题、题材、风格、笔调的多样性及描写人对生活的追求的复杂性。他的代表作品是《坎特伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）不仅描绘了31位朝圣者的各个社会阶层，而且也反映了他们各自叙述故事的不同风格，读者广泛，对后世影响很大。 威廉·莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。 济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。 雪莱（Shelley ，1792一1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。他生于贵族家庭。他既创作了富于政治思想性的诗，也写了很多优美的抒情诗，特别是爱情诗，显示了不羁的想象，瑰丽的色彩和动人的音韵，这些使他成为英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一。他的主要作品有《麦布女王》(Queen Mab)、《致英国人民之歌》(Song to the Men of England)、《解放了的普罗米修斯》(Prometheus Unbound)和《西风颂》(Ode to the West Wind)等。《西风颂》里的名句“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”（If Winters comes,can spring be far behind）成为妇幼皆知的诗文。 华兹华斯（Wordsworth，1770-1850），18-19世纪之交英国浪漫主义运动最伟大和最有影响的诗人。他和克勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）、骚塞(Robert Southey)三人组成“湖畔派诗人(the Lake Poets)”其作品的主题是人与大自然的关系。1813年他接受政府长期津贴，
英国文学选读浪漫主义诗歌名家译文[1]
我好似一朵流云独自漫游 华兹华斯（英1770——1850） 我独自漫游！像山谷上空 悠悠飘过的一朵云儿， 蓦然举目，我望见一丛 金黄色的水仙，缤纷茂密； 在湖水之滨，树荫之下， 在随风摇弋，舞姿潇洒。 连绵密布似繁星万点 在银河上下闪烁明灭， 这一片水仙，沿着湖湾 排成延续无尽的行列； 一眼便瞥见万朵千株， 摇颤着花冠，轻盈飘舞。 湖面的涟漪也迎风起舞， 水仙的欢悦却胜似涟漪； 有了这样愉快的伴侣， 诗人怎能不心旷神怡！ 我凝望多时，却未曾想到 这美景给了我怎样的珍奇。 从此，每当我倚榻而卧， 或情怀抑郁，或心境茫然， 水仙呵，便在心目中闪烁—— 那是我孤寂时分的乐园； 我的心灵便欢情洋溢， 和水仙一道舞蹈不息。 希腊古瓮颂 你委身“寂静”的、完美的处子， 受过了“沉默”和“悠久”的抚育， 呵，田园的史家，你竟能铺叙 一个如花的故事，比诗还瑰丽： 在你的形体上，岂非缭绕着 古老的传说，以绿叶为其边缘； 讲着人，或神，敦陂或阿卡狄？ 呵，是怎样的人，或神！在舞乐前 多热烈的追求！少女怎样地逃躲！ 怎样的风笛和鼓谣！怎样的狂喜！
听见的乐声虽好，但若听不见 却更美；所以，吹吧，柔情的风笛； 不是奏给耳朵听，而是更甜， 它给灵魂奏出无声的乐曲； 树下的美少年呵，你无法中断 你的歌，那树木也落不了叶子； 卤莽的恋人，你永远、永远吻不上， 虽然够接近了－－但不必心酸； 她不会老，虽然你不能如愿以偿， 你将永远爱下去，她也永远秀丽！ 呵，幸福的树木！你的枝叶 不会剥落，从不曾离开春天； 幸福的吹笛人也不会停歇， 他的歌曲永远是那么新鲜； 呵，更为幸福的、幸福的爱！ 永远热烈，正等待情人宴飨， 永远热情地心跳，永远年轻； 幸福的是这一切超凡的情态： 它不会使心灵餍足和悲伤， 没有炽热的头脑，焦渴的嘴唇。 这些人是谁呵，都去赶祭祀？ 这作牺牲的小牛，对天鸣叫， 你要牵它到哪儿，神秘的祭司？ 花环缀满着它光滑的身腰。 是从哪个傍河傍海的小镇， 或哪个静静的堡寨山村， 来了这些人，在这敬神的清早？ 呵，小镇，你的街道永远恬静； 再也不可能回来一个灵魂 告诉人你何以是这么寂寥。 哦，希腊的形状！唯美的观照！ 上面缀有石雕的男人和女人， 还有林木，和践踏过的青草； 沉默的形体呵，你象是“永恒” 使人超越思想：呵，冰冷的牧歌！ 等暮年使这一世代都凋落， 只有你如旧；在另外的一些 忧伤中，你会抚慰后人说： “美即是真，真即是美，”这就包括 你们所知道、和该知道的一切。 查良铮译 西风颂
英国文学选读练习题 含答案
Exercise for English Literature (2) Choose the best answer for each blank. 1.________, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340. A.Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C.Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 2.Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in ________. A.Flanders B. France C.Italy D. Westminster Abbey 3.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ________ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interest of the English merchants. A.Henry V B. Henry VII C.Henry VIII D. Queen Elizabeth 4.Except being a victory of England over ________, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism. A.Spain B. France C.America D. Norway 5.At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ________ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society. A.Thomas More B. Thomas Marlowe C.Francis Bacon D. William Shakespear 6.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen ________. A.Mary B. Elizabeth C.William D. Victoria 7.English Renaissance Period was an age of ________. A.prose and novel B. poetry and drama C.essays and journals D. ballads and songs 8.From the following, choose the one which is not Francis Bacon’s work: ________. A.The Advancement of Learning B. The New Instrument C.Essays D. The New Atlantics E.Venus and Adonis 9.“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ________. A.songs B. plays https://www.360docs.net/doc/0a734832.html,edies D. sonnets 10.The heroines of Shakespeare’s great comedies, ________ are the daughters of the Renaissance, whose images and stories will remain a legacy to readers and audiences of all time. A.Portia B. Roseland C.Viola D. Beatrice 11.Choose the four great tragedies of Shakespeare from the following ________. A.Hamlet B. Othello C.Macbeth D. King Lear E.Timon of Athens 12.Which play is not a comedy? ________ A.A Midsummer Night’s Dream B. The Merchant of Venice C.Twelfth Night D. Romeo and Juliet E.As You Like It 13.“Denmark is a prison”. In which play does the h ero summarise his observation of his world into such a bitter sentence? ________ A.Charles I B. Othello C.Henry VIII D. Hamlet 14.The works of ________ and the Authorised Version of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of the English language. A.Geoffrey Chaucer B. Edmund Spenser C.William Shakespeare D. Ben Johnson 15.In which play does the hero show his profound reverence for man through the sentence: “What a piece of wok is a man! How nobel in reason! How finite in faculty!” ________ A.Romeo and Juliet B. Hamlet C.Othello D. The Merchant of Venice 16.In 1649, ________ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth. A.James I B. James II