高考英语高中英语语法之【倒装】

第七章倒装

第一节基本知识与基本概念

【什么是倒装】

倒装是英语中很有意思的一种通过改变句子主语和谓语的正常顺序来表达特殊的意思或达到修辞目的的手段。

英语句子的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”，如果将谓语置于主语之前，这种语序就叫做倒装。【倒装的类型】

倒装句分完全倒装和部分倒装两种情况。完全倒装指整个谓语都提前到主语之前，但如果主语为代词而不是名词时，主语和谓语并不倒装。例如：

Here comes the bus. (全部倒装)

Here you are. （因为主语是代词you，所以没有倒装）

部分倒装指将谓语中的一部分，如助动词、情态助动词或系动词be放在主语的前面，其余部分仍在主语后面。例如：

Only in this way can we make more contributions to our hometown.

【倒装怎么实现？】

动词倒装的方法一般是：

１、动词be和主语颠倒进行倒装；（完全倒装和部分倒装通用）例如：

Here is a book for you.

Only until recently was I aware of the new situation.

２、如果谓语动词中有助动词、情态助动词，则将它们与主语颠倒,实现部分倒装。例如：

Hardly had we started when they told us to stop.

Tom can beat Jack in tennis and so can you.

Often have I told you not to touch anything in my lab!

３、如果谓语动词是行为动词，其前面既无助动词也没有情态助动词，则用助动词do 进行倒装。例如：

Little does he know about Chinese history.

Jill didn’t follow the teacher’s order and neither did anyone else. 【高考怎么考倒装？】

倒装考点在高考中属于次要考点，并不是每年都必然要考查。但从有限的高考原题中，我们还是能够明显感觉到，部分倒装的重要性比完全倒装大

第二节具体考点解析

【考点一、什么情况下需要完全倒装？】

通常情况下，能引起完全倒装的有三种情况：

１、There be 结构

There be 结构及其各种变体就是我们接触最早的，也是我们最熟悉的一种完全倒装。例如：

There used to be a temple in the forest.

There are many people in front of the city hall.

There lived a very smart king.

There may be some possibility that we can be chosen for the task.

由于很明显的原因，there be结构出现在高考题目中一般不会以考查倒装为目的。

２、当直接引语放在句首时，谓语动词应该完全放在主语之前。例如：

“You must be joking!”, shouted my wife.

“No way”, said my boss coldly.

“He is the last man I want to see”, answered the boy.

由于受到本身条件的限制，这种情况也很难以高考题的形式出现。

３、当方位副词here, there, up, down, in, out, away等出现在句子的开头时；或表示方位或方向的介词短语位于句首时。例如：

Up went the rocket.

Down came the plane.

Out rushed the little boy.

Away went Tom.

In came our headmaster.

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

On the top of the hill stands an old tree.

In front of the house sat a small boy.

注意，这才是真正能出题的一种完全倒装形式。但限制也比较多，除了三条通用的主语必须是名词不能是代词一条外，它还要求谓语必须是不及物动词。因为，如果后面的动词有宾语，动词提前的话，句子结构就很尴尬了。

【考点二、否定副词放在句首时的倒装】

含有否定含义的词hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not only, not until, no sooner等于句首时，句子部分倒装。例如：

Little did he know who the woman was.

Never shall I forget the time when we could hardly make both ends meet.

Hardly had we sat down when the movie started.

No sooner had we sat down than the movie started.

Seldom has she come to my office to ask questions.

The Smiths should not break the rules. Nor should we.

Not only can I devote myself to my hometown but I also can see my parents more often.

【考点三、so, such在句首时的倒装】

so, such于句首，后带表语或状语时，其后所接的主句部分倒装。例如：

So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.

So fast did the motorcyclist rush that even the policemen didn’t catch him.

So silly was my wife that she sold all my books at a low price.

Such serious damage was done to my car that it took the workers a month to mend it.

Such good partners did we have that we finished our work ahead of time. 【考点四、so, neither, nor在句首时的倒装】

so, neither, nor于句首，表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时(既主语不是同一个人或物)，句子要部分倒装。例如：

---I don’t think I can walk any further.

---Neither can I. Let’s stop here for a rest.

--- Jack, you really took great trouble to help Jim.

--- So do you.

--- I heard Larry Johnson is an expert in nuclear energy.

--- Yes. And so is his brother.

有时，so引出的句子只是单纯重复前面的内容，重要特点是两个句子的主语是同一个人或物时，句子不倒装。例如：

---It was cold yesterday.

---So it was.

---You left all the lights on in the office last night.

--- My God. So I did.

有时，前面的句子提供了两种类型的谓语动词，如一个be动词，一个行为动词或一个肯定一个否定，这时，也不倒装。例如：

--- Mary is a hardworking students and she often helps others.

--- So it is with her sister.

--- Robinson robbed a band and was sentenced to prison.

--- It was the same with his brother.

【考点五、 only 强调状语放在句首时的倒装】

only强调状语放在句首时，句子部分倒装。例如：

Only when he told me this did I realize what trouble he was in.

Only in this way can you master the spirit of the language.

Only until recently did we know the new discovery made 10 years ago.

Only yesterday did I finish the book.

Only at home are you allowed to smoke.

【考点六、让步状语从句中的倒装】

though, as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语或状语前置，表语为单数可数名词时冠词要省略。例如：

Young as/ though he is, he knows more than you.

Freshman(大学一年级学生) as/ though he is, he has been picked by an NBA team.

Child as/though he is, he can work out the difficult question.

Hard as they may try, they can never achieve their goal.

【考点七、频度副词在句首时的倒装】

表示频率的副词often位于句首时句子部分倒装。例如：

Often have I have told them not to go swimming in that lake.

Often did I remind him of the important meeting.

【考点八、虚拟语气中的倒装】

如果虚拟语气中的虚拟条件句省略if，必须部分倒装。例如：

Should it rain, the crops would be saved. = If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

Had I had the chance, I would have done better than him.

= If I had had the chance, I would have done better than him.

Were I to become a rich person, I would help the poor more.

= If I were to become a rich person, I would help the poor more.

第三节巩固练习

一、【夯实基础】

1.____ can you expect a pay rise.

A. With hard work

B. Although work hard

C. Only with hard work

D. Now that he works hard

2. Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party.

A. she sang

B. sang she

C. did she sing

D. she did sing

3. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _____ so happy.

A. did I feel

B. I felt

C. I had felt

D. had I felt

4. ---It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.

---My God! ______.

A. So did I

B. So I did

C. So were you

D. So did you

5. ---David has made great progress recently.

---______, and ______.

A. So he has, so you have

B. So he has, so have you

C. So has he, so have you

D. So has he, so you have

6. Not until all the fish died in the river, _____ how serious the pollution was.

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize

D. didn’t the villagers realize

7. Nowhere else in the world _____ a better and cheaper camera than in our shop.

A. do you buy

B. you can buy

C. you will buy

D. can you buy

8. Among the high-risk group of heart disease _____ people with a preference for fat-rich foods.

A. there are

B. are

C. they are

D. who are

9. You say he works very hared. _____ and ______.

A. So he does; so do you

B. So does he; so you do

C. So he does; so you do

D. So does he; so do you

10. _____ entered the office when he realized that he had left his report behind.

A. He hardly had

B. Had he hardly

C. Hardly had he

D. Hardly he had

11. So seriously ____ in the accident that he was sent to hospital at once.

A. he was injured

B. was he injured

C. he did injure

D. did he injure

12. _____ land is improved by sowing it with various seeds, ____ is the mind by exercising it with different studies.

A. When; so

B. As; as

C. As; so

D. If; so

13. She never laughed, ____ lose temper.

A. or she ever did

B. nor did she ever

C. or did she ever

D. nor she ever did

14. Only ____ to borrow the magazines from the reading-room.

A. are the teachers allowed

B. the teachers are allowed

C. are allowed the teachers

D. did the teachers be allowed

15. ---I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.

---_____.

A. So do I

B. Neither do I

C. I’m the same

D. So it is with me

16. To all the people here ____ the honor for the success.

A. belong

B. belongs

C. belongs to

D. is belonged

17. ---I have great difficulty working out this problem.

---___ to me yesterday, you _____ less difficulty with such problems now.

A. If you had listened, would have had

B. If you listened, would have

C. Had you listened, would have

D. If you listen, will have

18. In such a hurry _____ to the school yard that he was out of breath.

A. ran he

B. he ran

C. did he run

D. he was running

19. If you refuse to accept the invitation, _______.

A. so would she

B. so does she

C. so will she

D. neither will she

20. ____, I will not buy it.

A. I like it much

B. Like as I it much

C. Much do I like it

D. Much as I like it

二、【真题实战２００５】

1. ______, Carolina couldn't get the door open. (广东卷)

A. Try as she might

B. As she might try

C. She might as try

D. Might she as try

2. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _______. (全国II卷)

A. so does John

B. John does so

C. John doesn’t too

D. nor does John

3. Never before ______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

(上海卷)

A. has this city been

B. this city has been

C. was this city

D. this city was

4. Only after my friend came _______. (福建卷)

A. did the computer repair

B. he repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired

D. the computer was repaired

5. --- Father, you promised! (湖北)

--- Well, ______. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.

A. so was I

B. so did I

C. so I was

D. so I did

6. --- Well, I do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run

very fast.

--- _____________. (辽宁卷)

A. So it is

B. So is it

C. So does it

D. So it does

7. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns.

(同上)

A. stand many lakes

B. lie many lakes

C. many lakes lie

D. many lakes stand

8. --- Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. (安徽卷)

--- ________, and so did I.

A. So she had

B. So had she

C. So she did

D. So did she

9. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for

further research. (江苏卷)

A. So curious the couple was

B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple was

D. The couple was such curious

三、【真题实战２００６】

1. --- Did Linda see the traffic accident?

--- No, no sooner _____ than it happened. (天津卷)

A. had she gone

B. she had gone

C. has she gone

D. she has gone

2. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ___ with my progress. (重庆卷)

A. the teacher is not satisfied

B. is the teacher not satisfied

C. the teacher is satisfied

D. is the teacher satisfied

3. --- I reminded you not to forget the appointment.

--- _______. (江西卷)

A. So you did

B. So I do not

C. So did you

D. So do I

4. So difficult ______ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (广东卷)

A. I have found

B. have I found

C. I did find

D. did I find

5. Never in my wildest dreams _____ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)

A. I could imagine

B. could I imagine

C. I couldn’t imagine

D. couldn’t I imagine

6. At the foot of the mountain ______.

A. a village lie

B. lies a village

C. does a village lie

D. lying a village

7. Only then _____ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)

A. had she realized

B. she realized

C. did she realize

D. she had realized

四、【真题实战２００7】

１.If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ____. （全国II）

A. he will either

B. neither will he

C. he neither will

D. either he will

2. --- My room gets very cold at night. （江苏卷）

--- ___________.

A. So is mine

B. So mine is

C. So does mine

D. So mine does

3. that Maric was able to set up new branches clsewhere. （陕西卷）

A.So successful her business was

B.So successful was her business

C.So her business was successful

D.So was her successful business

4. . _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （重庆卷）

A. Strange as might it sound

B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange it might sound

D. Strange as it might sound

5. Little _______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going

his own way in this business. (安徽卷)

A. he realized

B. he didn't realize

C. didn't he realize

D. did he realize

6. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _____ so lonely as now. (辽宁卷)

A. have I felt

B. I had felt

C. I have felt

D. Had I felt

7. --- How was the televised debate last night?

--- Super! Rarely ______ so much media attention.

A. a debate attracted

B. did a debate attract

C. a debate did attract

D. attracted a debate

参考答案：

一、【夯实基础】

1-5 CCDBB 6-10 ADBAC 11-15 BCBBD 16-20 BCCCD

二、【真题实战２００５】

1-5 ADACD 6-9 ABCB

三、【真题实战２００６】

1-5 ADADB 6-7 BC

四、【真题实战２００7】

1-5 BCBDD 6-7 AB