2018年11月托福真题回忆及解析
2018年11月托福真题回忆及解析
不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。对于托福考试而言，每天进步一点点，基础扎实一点点，通过考试就会更容易一点点。无忧考网搜集整理了2018年11月托福真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。2018年11月举行了6场考试，时间分别是11月4日、11月10日、11月11日、11月17日、11月24日、11月25日。以下内容仅供参考。
11月4日托福口语真题回忆：
Task 1
大学从毕业校友获得一笔钱，应该用于哪个活动：
1、screen movie
2、outdoor music concert
3、video games
Task 2
Do you agree that it is easier to be an adult than a child?
Task 3
变化：murals show on the wall of the stairs , an opportunity for art
students to display their works。
1、地方很好，因为过往人多，有更多人能欣赏他们的作品；
2、时间很好，那个时候没什么课，人少，交通不拥挤。
男生：支持
理由 1：地方很好，因为过往人多，有更多人能欣赏他们的作品；理由 2：、时间很好，那个时候没什么课，人少，交通不拥挤。
Task 4
术语：pseudoscience 伪科学
解释：一些公司利用伪科学来给产品打广告，用一些看似科学的外表欺骗消费者，让他们
相信这些产品对他们很有用。
听力里面教授举例说电子产品公司请一些所谓的专家来设计游戏，用一些小研究来证明产品有用，所以消费者相信这些游戏能帮助他们变聪明，思考更快，就会花钱买。但是心理学家证明这种东西没有有力的证据，这些研究不可靠。
Task 5
问题：时间冲突了，约好了周三去跟朋友讨论葡萄牙语的一本书，同时健身馆的工作因为一个员工辞职了，调整了她的上班时间，周三有班。解决方法 1：下班后晚上 11 点再去更朋友汇合。
缺点 1：11 点太晚了，不太好叫朋友出来，朋友可能休息了。
解决方法 2：自己读那本书，有问题通过邮件讨论。
缺点 1：不能见面，很期待与朋友出去。
Task 6
话题：恐龙的运动。
要点 1：有一种类似鸟的翅膀，不是用来飞行而是保持平衡。
要点 2：怎么移动尾巴，是拖在地上，还是悬空在空中，在化石里面发现地面上有尾巴的拖拽痕迹，所以是拖在地上的。
11月4日托福写作真题回忆：
综合
阅读：Desalination 的害处
1.Desalination facilities may kill or injure marine animals
2.Desalination facilities require energy which will intensify global warming
3.the byproduct called brine of desalination process will harm marine ecosystem
听力：已经有解决方案
1.可以利用 sound generator 和 flashlights 驱散，吓走海洋动物，保护它们不受伤害
2.可以在炎热和多云天气的区域建设 desalination facilities 如此能直接利用太阳取能
量而避免 burning oil，不会加重全球变暖
3.建 evaporation pools 排放 brine，这样 brine 最后只含有少量的盐分，可以再利用或者直接排放，不会影响海洋生态系统
独立
One of the most challenge problems in modern society is to have the most up-to-date skills for workplace. For solving this, government decides to give all adults over the age of 25 a training course to learn
new skills. Do you think it is an effective way for government to spend its money?
11月4日托福听力真题回忆：
Conversation 1
话题分类：学生和 biology administration assistant
内容回忆：学生弄丢了导师实验室的钥匙而担心，assistant 安慰他没事； assistant 随后确认学生第二天是否去参加一个活动，学生因为考虑距离较远不太确定；最后 assistant 提到她要去镇上的一个很喜欢的 concert，学生说自己也喜欢，assistant 很惊讶这个音乐居然还有大学生听众
Conversation 2
话题分类：学生和 bookstore employee
内容回忆：学生在打印店打印材料，店员搭话问学生的专业，得知学生要做一个任务，店员给他推荐了一个 website，学生刚开始是拒绝的认为还是自己的想法会更有创意但是店员最后提到自己多次使用并且这个网站会把 photoes 添加进去，很有自己的特色，还举了个例子，学生最后问了这个网址和另外一种打印纸要回去试一试
Lecture 1
学科分类：生态学 Ecology
标题：Green roof
内容：City Hall 在进行一项新的项目——建造独特的 green roof，教授随后
详细展开了两种分类的区别：inclusive green roof & exclusive green roof；最后建议city hall 应该建造新型的，人工和自然景观二合一的 roof，虽然有些人会觉得贵但还是值得的
Lecture 2
学科分类：考古学
标题：younger dryas & glovis
内容：主要讲了 younger dryas 是怎么形成的，有哪些特征，以及相关的culture—比如解释了为什么当地人总是搬来搬去
Lecture 3
学科分类：植物学 Botany
标题：geocarpy
内容：一开始讲植物是怎么传播种子，结果，举了一个 peanuts 的例子；随后展开地下结果性的特点，条件和优缺点
Lecture 4
学科分类：艺术类
标题：Art History
内容：教授用教室楼下一个自己之前学生的雕塑作品引出话题——Clair Fleckenstein 的sculpture，和学生互动的形式展开了其特点；第二层谈到了
Fleckenstein 的作品会和一些 jewelry 一起展示，这种效果出奇地好
苏州大学考场听力加试题：
C3 folk artists
L5 Archeology（哪方面的记不清了）
L6 Astronomy-Uranus
11月4日托福阅读真题回忆：
Passage One
学科分类：生物类-植物
题目：Plants and aridity
主要内容：沙漠地区植物缺水，是那么它们是如何生存下去的？首段介绍了植物的适应机制，在条件好的时候快速完成生长周期（参考真题 the role of diapause)。这种适应机制并不是唯一，而是多样化的。词汇题：
Spectacular=magnificent
Enduring=surviving
Remarkable=marvelous
vigorous = active（参考 TPO26 P2）
Passage Two
学科分类：社会科学
题目：The discovery and composition of laundry
内容回忆：
全文按照时间顺序阐述清洁衣物的材料的产生。一开始人们用的是 Nitron 去清洁油污，但是这种硝酸会污染空气，后来人们偶然发现了 soap ash，跟石灰混合能够强效去污。中间围绕 soap 的提取和特征展开讨论。最后一个自然段讲到过去人们晾晒衣服的方式是自然光，但是有弊端，会掉色。
词汇题：
Hence=therefore
Detect=distinguish
Passage Three
学科分类：经济发展
题目：The early American Economy
内容回忆：英国为了使本国变得繁荣富强，给殖民地美国设定了法律，比如禁止将烟草售卖至英国其他地区，美国本地不能生产英国本土已有的农作物，以防止竞争等。（参考真题：the colonial American and navigation rules），但这一系列规定反过来也使美国的当地人受益，欧洲经济的发展，对美的产品需求上涨，所以美国人享受到了不错的生活水平。词汇题
Tremendous=Enormous
11月10日托福写作真题回忆：
综合
阅读：cruise ship
1.非常危险
2.破坏环境
3.打扰当地居民听力：反对
1.科考队做了详细考察，不会危险
2.使用 low sulfur 燃料，不会污染
3.人数不多，一次只有几百人，不是成千上万，而且不会随便分散旅游，会指定一个社区参观，不会影响居民
独立
Do you agree or disagree that statement？
Competition among friends usually has a negative effect on friendship.
11月10日托福口语真题回忆：
Task 1
If one of your friends complain that he couldn’t fall asleep before an important event, what advice would you like to offer to help him relax and go to sleep?
Task 2
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Employees shouldn’t send personal text or emails during work hours.
Explain why.
Task 3
阅读
标题： require business internships
原因 1：help students gain some useful experience
建议 2：since some internships are unpaid, the school should provide some financial assistance.
听力
态度：disagree.
原因 1：Not everyone could get useful experience out of it. The man’s brother only did some copy work and never got in any projects. An internship doesn’t guarantee experience.
原因 2：To make the school give extra money to students is unrealistic. And if the internship is unpaid, the school can’t force students to attend it.
Task 4
阅读
标题：End-of-History illusion
定义：People tend to think that their opinions won’t change in the future, even though they have changed before.
听力
例子：the researcher conducted an experiment. He asked about people’s favorite music 10years ago， and do they still love and listen to the same music. They all said no,although they did love it when they were younger. But when asked about their current favorite music, and will they still enjoy it 10years from now, they all said yes.And that result is from samples of all age of people.
Task 5
问题：The man has a problem that he works for campus newspaper and
has to attend a meeting tomorrow night, but he promised his friend to go to his concert.
解决方案 1：attend the meeting
优点 1：He could know clearly their focus of work in the coming week.
缺点 1：He couldn’t attend the concert that his friend keeps inviting him.
解决方案 2：go to the concert
优点 2：He keeps his promise and his friend will be delighted.
缺点 2：He will miss the meeting again since last week he didn’t attend it because of the sickness.
Task 6
话题： How birds could keep their position in turbulent winds
要点 1：change wings position
例子 1： soaring birds like eagle would fold its wings and press them tight to its body, and hold that position for half a second then open wings again.
要点 2：change tail position
例子 2：hovering birds like humming bird would have to stay in the air when drinking from a flower. And it would move its tail back
and forth to prevent itself from knocking out by winds.
11月10日托福听力真题回忆：
Conversation 1
话题分类：学生和宿舍管理员
内容回忆：第一篇对话讲的是学生和宿舍管理员，学生暑假要回家然后想把一些行李寄存，然后宿舍这边不可以放。学生宿舍管理员可不可以在学校有没有地方寄存，管理员说可以，但是要付费。但是有 voucher，学生可以去试试运气。然后宿舍管理员说他可不可以让舍友帮忙，学生说宿舍没人，而且他还要提前回学校，有个项目要做。
Conversation 2
话题分类：学生和教授
内容回忆：学生说她关于他的 oral presentation 的问题。学生想在她的演讲中放音乐，因为他觉得是一个关于 opera 的演讲，不能直接读文字，但是教授觉得他应该注意在演讲上，而不是放音乐。
Lecture 1
学科分类：生态学
标题：动物的消化系统
内容：文章讲的是关于动物消化系统的问题，然后呢，文章说到的不同动物的消化系统不一样，然后最后以这个大熊猫为例讲的重点讲的大熊猫的消化系统。
Lecture 2
学科分类： business management
标题：code of conduct
内容：文章讲一些公司要通过制定一些具体的方法来帮助员工提高工作效率。
Lecture 3
学科分类：艺术类
标题： theater
内容：文章讲的美国 civil war 之后 theater 的一些变化，然后提到了一个 B.F Keith 这个人，然后说到他对于 theater 一些改变
Lecture 4
学科分类： geology 地质类
标题： Meteoroid
内容：文中讲 Meteoroid 对于 earth Formation 的一些影响。
11月10日托福阅读真题回忆：
Passage One
学科分类：生物学
题目：Surviving as a conifer
主要内容：本文主要介绍 conifer 这种植物，先讲它包括 pine trees 和 spruce trees 等等，属于 gymnosperms（裸子植物）；讲到它需要和 angiosperms （被子植物）竞争，这种竞争对它来说是不太有利的，因为它早期生长会比较缓慢；所以最后被挤到了土壤贫瘠的地方。
然后提到了这种树如何在土壤贫瘠的地方存活下来，首先有很强大的 root system，能够把 nitrogen， phosphorus, potassium 都吸收到；接着提到了它还和一种 mycorrhizal fungi 有互利共生关系，这个菌根能够使得它不仅延伸了 root length，而且还能够产生大量的 seedlings。最后指出被子植物是 deciduous 的，它很少，但是在高海拔地区还是会有一些落叶。这种树能在 frost 的环境生存下来。
词汇题：
1.indeed = in fact
2.evolved = developed
3.retain = keep
Passage Two
学科分类：语言学
题目：The Spread of Indo-European Language in Europe
内容回忆：以前大多数的人都认为 Indo-European 的语言是本身就源自欧洲的，但后来发现了 two principal models, 发觉其实是这一语言，取代了之前欧洲原本的语言。人们从burial mound 里发现了一些证据，认为是 Kurgan 的人当时征服（subjugation）欧洲，然后迫使欧洲人使用这一语言；然后也有人认为是 Middle East 的人迁徙到了此处，并且把他们的语言带了过来。两种说法都有些漏洞，比如 Kurgan 当时是游牧状态，而当地已经是农业状态了，农业社会的构成明显比他们要复杂得多，怎么有可能征服。最后提到了能从 genetic 的方面得到一些证据，但也不能完全把两者观点否定掉。词汇题：
1.promoted = encouraged
2.ensured = guaranteed
3.prolonged = extended
4. wholesale = complete
Passage Three
学科分类：生物学
题目：Theories of life’s origin
内容回忆：主要谈了生命起源到底来自哪里的猜想。首先讲了早期大气里就有 O2 和 N2，提到了两个人，J.B.S Haldan 和 Oparin Haldane 提出的假说。他们假设当时空气里的O2 1.skeptical = doubtful 2.sought = looked for 3.sufficiently = adequately 4.been incorporated into = become part of 11月11日托福口语真题回忆： Task 1 Disadvantages of moving to a new place. Task 2 是否同意父母应该让孩子很早开始看/听新闻？ Task 3 变化：学校要把 orientation 从一周的时间改成一整个暑假大家都同意 好处 1：时间更灵活，大家暑期安排都很满，还要参加 orientation 好处 2：可以选择自己感兴趣的参加，还能交流、交朋友 Task 4 术语：Natal Homing 解释：有些动物会在交配、繁殖的时候，回到自己出生的地方，即使回去的路途很长，但是出生的地方比现在的栖息地更适合繁殖和交配。听力：例子绿海龟 在繁殖的时候会回到出生的地方，虽然海滩很多，但是要寻找适合蛋的温度，还需要保护蛋不受天敌干扰，很多海滩不符合上面两个条件。 Task 5 问题：女生本来计划和室友一起去纽约听生物学讲座，但是室友生病了，一个人去的话，住宿费很贵。 解决方法 1：坐火车往返，直接在火车上过夜。 解决方法 2：去餐厅打工 缺点：女生的学业很繁忙， Task 6 话题：摄影技术早期的改进。 要点 1：多拍几张，移动的话照片就会模糊。 要点 2：拍完再用水彩/油彩画一画，可以让全家福这类的照片更生动。 11月11日托福听力真题回忆： Conversation 1 话题分类：学生和教职员工 内容回忆：学生想重新租一个自行车锁.老师说没有多余的,要等到下学期.学生抱怨了学校自行车道少,停自行车不方便以及自行车停放点距离宿舍比较远等问题,老师说有专门人员负责管理和监控这些停放点的设施.这些人员很多是由学生志愿者组成的.该学生表示也想做这个志愿工作. Conversation 2 话题分类：学生和教授 学生说要换一下社会活动,因为自己的时间安排不开,有冲突.教授提议换成另一个辅导孩子写作业.但是学生觉得最好是换成和艺术有关因为她是艺术专业.教授提议她去带孩子们排练话剧,认为这项活动更适合她.学生表示满意,还给出了话剧排练的一个提议,即用一些卡片做字幕来节省经费.教授说该活动需要三个学生参与.学生推荐了自己的朋友,同样对 孩子感兴趣并且做过夏令营项目,很有经验.教授表示欢迎她的朋友一起去. Lecture 1 学科分类：music 标题：音乐的商业化 内容：贝多芬生活的时代宫廷音乐盛行,人们很难接触到宫廷音乐.同时期,由于中产阶级壮大,他们负担得起钢琴,很多人会买贝多芬的乐谱练习.贝多芬也调整了他的音乐风格,加速了音乐的商业化. Lecture 2 学科分类：生物学 标题：biology 内容：讲了三种(如 biomimetics)不同的生物领域研究方法和这三种研究方法的具体运用以及运用这类方法研究出的发明. Lecture 3 学科分类：艺术类 标题：绘画 内容: 通过讲述两位画家共同绘制的一幅名画展示了 landscape 画家和 portrait 画家通过合作来呈现优美画作,他们的合作关系并非有谁主导,而是可以完全合作分工.所呈现的画作收到了当时民众的欢迎,很多人 copy,甚至连他们自己也 copy 留念. Lecture 4 学科分类: 建筑学 标题：Architecture 内容：讲述了在 stone-building 之前,苏格兰保存了一些早期特有的建筑材料,这种建筑材料在爱尔兰也有,但因为爱尔兰的气候环境问题没有得到保存,仅能从老人口中求得一些证实. 11月11日托福写作真题回忆： 综合 阅读：澳大利亚大型动物灭绝是因为 human arrival 20种大型动物在人类来澳大利亚后灭绝 同样的动物灭绝(比如一种鸟类 moas 恐鸟)也曾在新西兰发生过 3.人类的捕猎导致听力：反对 人类可以和一些大型动物共存,澳大利亚很多大型的动物在人类来此之前就灭绝了. 新西兰是小岛,不能和澳大利亚相提并论,moas 体型小,即使在大陆其他地方也不能保证安全存活. 1.确实存在捕猎,但大型动物对气候变化敏感.澳大利亚曾有几年气候干旱,导致植物死亡,大型动物进食植物多,植物的死亡导致很多动物濒临灭绝. 独立 Are government doing good in educating people to pay attention to the importance of the food nutrition and healthy eating. 11月11日托福阅读真题回忆： Passage One 学科分类：生物类-动物 题目：Bee 之间的信息传播 主要内容： 其他蜜蜂同伴交流食物的位置，而这种 Bee 不一样，他们交流的是食物的气味。因此，这种 Bee 栖息地相对分散，食物的利用效率低，个体就能吃完所有食物，而不是像其他群居的蜜蜂，将所有食物聚在一起分享。 因为不会分享位置，这种 Bee 觅食效率比其他种类要低很多。 采蜜时，这种 Bee 会分享花香，从气味就能知道哪些花在可以采蜜的花期，也可以分辨哪些花被采过了，可以提高效率。词汇题：待补充 Passage Two 学科分类：天文学 题目：金星、火星和地球的比较 内容回忆： 比较了金星、火星和地球。火星和地球在很多地方比较相似，但也有不一样的 地方。火星因为在三个行星中质量小，且离木星比较近，所以很多地方和地球、 金星都不一样 词汇题：待补充 Passage Three 学科分类：人文/历史 题目：景德镇的瓷器 内容回忆：江西省成为瓷器中心是因为水上交通发达，瓷器的运输很方便，手艺人来往也很方便，有很多手艺人聚集在景德镇。 瓷器制作技术的发展经过了很多道工序。当时已经可以进行大规模生产制作了，不仅可以提供给皇室，也可以给平民使用。其中皇室也有御用和给外赠送外交礼物的用途。取代了粗糙的器皿。 后来有发明了釉，可以在瓷器上花很多东西，可以配合不同的使用场合。 词汇题： Prized-Valued 11月17日托福口语真题回忆： Task 1 朋友想买一辆车，但需要去做兼职才能支付，给出你的建议。 Task 2 学校对校外人员免费开放，能使其来上课，但不会有成绩和学分，说说你对於这项措施的看法，给出细节。 Task 3 有一份关于一年级新生住校，其他年级学生必须住在校外的计划的反馈信，认为有两点不好，一是会不利于学生之间的交流沟通，二是认为学生如果住在校外，参加 club 和activities 不方便。 对话：讨论了这封信，认为因为都会上课，所以完全可以再教室沟通交流，不住在学校并不会影响，其次对于 club 等，很多人再第一年加入了很对俱乐部，但到后面很多发现不感兴趣，最终也会不去，同时后面会更加需要时间再其他方面。 问题要求：总结信的内容和对话中人物的观点 Task 4 对话 一个学生在春假之后回校，历史作业没能完成，在但距离提交时间很近了，所以在考虑不去学习小组以挤出时间来完成作业，另外一个对话者也建议他去借阅其他同学的笔记。 问题要求：针对他们的问题，给出你的两点解决建议 Task 5 文章：发现了一个遗骸，认为可能是理查三世的，但又给出三个证据证明不是： 1.DNA 表明遗骸主人和理查的头发颜色不同，一个金色一个棕色。 2.碳反应监测出两人死亡时间不同，遗骸主人更早，理查更晚，所以他们年龄不同。 3.骨头上没有伤痕，但理查参加了很多战役，应该会留有很多的伤痕 Lecture：逐个反驳了文章的三个证据： 1.很多人小时候是金色头发，长大后发色会变深，DNA 无法标明。 2.碳反应会有误差，人的牙齿如果常吃海鲜就会有和海洋生物类似的反应，所以死亡时间没法精确测量。 3.理查很可能并没有受过伤，因为他是国王是贵族，武器先进，拥趸众多。就算受了伤，也极可能是受的轻伤，并没有在骨头上留下痕迹。问题要求：总结 lecture 对于 passage 的反驳的观点。 Task 6 上司给下级分配工作的两个考虑因素 1.仍要监督，怕下级完成的不好 2.怕下级完成的太好以至于 take over their position，举了餐厅主厨的例子。问题要求：以例子来说明工作分配的两个考虑因素 11月17日托福听力真题回忆： Conversation 1 话题分类：学生和图书馆的工作人员 内容回忆：学生想要去 renew book 但是她现在很着急。老师说你可以在图书馆电脑上也可以在家上网 renew 学生说那就在图书馆吧然后开始说流程首先打开电脑，登录自己页面，然后就可以renew 但是需要看一下有没有 refine 学生立刻说需要用 credit card refine，考点态度，老师说是的，还说如果 renew 成功，会给你发 recall notice 以 email 的方式，学生说她几周前收到了 email 最近学生决定先跟她朋友回去因为她朋友在等她 Conversation 2 话题分类：学生和工作人员 内容回忆：学生想要换个工作因为现在工作时间跟课程冲突，老师问晚上可以吗？学生说不行因为还是跟课程冲突 学生建议最好是 late evening ，老师说正好有个 driver 的工作合适学生很开心，老师强调这个工作时间不固定，而且估计没有时间让学生在工间隙学习，学生说可以接受他有个朋友也是做 driver 的可以交流一下 Lecture 1 学科分类：天文学 标题：双星系统和多星系统 内容：双星系统 binary system 和多星系统 multi-star system 包含 solar system 等在内单星系统只是其中一种系统而已多星系统会更加常见一点，这很有趣 之前有个 misunderstanding 体现在 SCI friction 上，教授说这是错误的 有两种情况这个双星或多星才能存在。一种是两者离着特别远，gravity 互不影响，第 二张两者离着特别近， 有个假设他们几个 star 的 planet 运动是 same speed 但是这个还需要进一步论证，目前只是假设而已。 Lecture 2 学科分类：社会学 标题：radio 对美国的影响 内容：radio 对在 20th 美国的影响 radio 在二十世纪很流行是因为当时 electricity 已经可以用到千家万户了 学生提问 great depression 时期呢？教授说大萧条反而促进了 radio 的流行因为在那个时期，其他娱乐活动都很贵，但是 radio 是免费的。所以反而更流行了 radio 可以帮助做广告，举了学生自己 family 的例子 后来说了有个叫 wells 的人开了一个 radio play 的节目 又说到富兰克林在那个时候用 radio 来传递 bank 的理念来对抗 the crisis of depression Lecture 3 学科分类：科学历史 标题：神经科学发展 内容：神经领域 之前大家都认为，神经细胞是一块工作的，去应对各种活动，但是因为没有tech，所以没法证实 后来有个叫 cajal 的人认为他们是独立工作的，互不影响，他这样认为是因为他是一个激进 individualism，也没有科学依据，但是 amazing 的是他竟然被证明是 accurate。 他本来是学 painting 的，后来改学了 medical。 Lecture 4 学科分类：生态学 标题：动物对人类环境的适应 内容：ecology 生态学 研究 animal 对人类环境得适应，特别是研究了 singing bird 对人类发出 noise 的影响 有两个 hypothesis 需要被 study 1.鸟会不会 sing earlier 研究结果是正确的确实会 earlier 有学生提问会不会仅仅 by chance 而已？ 所以他们又把研究扩展到了 500 个不同的机场 2.研究鸟的 pitch 会被什么因素影响 有个 hy 说当在城市的时候，birds 会 lower the pitch 但是目前有一些情况不是这样的 比如有个 ribbon 的鸟，她们反而会提高 pitch，但是也有个问题，就是像 heavy traffic 的时间不确定等等 11月17日托福阅读真题回忆： Passage One 学科分类：地理学 题目：Transportation and the Roman Empire 文章主要讲述在古罗马帝国交通系统的发展和交通对于罗马帝国的影响。主要从两个方面来阐述： 一是陆上交通，主要以马和牛拉的车为主，目的是三个：连接各个地区，运送不同物质到前线，方便税收。同时也说了陆上交通对于长途交通而言成本过大，主要是拉车的牲畜需要粮草，所以对于私人商人而言无法负担。 第二段说的是海上交通，相对陆上交通而言，海上交通更为危险，行驶的路途也更为长，但同时也更为便宜，因为主要是以风来驱动航船，同时海上交通也为罗马帝国的形成提供 了很大的助力。 最后一段是说罗马作为一个人口大国，需要从很多地方进口粮食物资，所以帝国的繁荣离不开交通的繁荣。 词汇题 Ceaselessly=rapidly Passage Two 学科分类：生物学 题目：how birds get cool 主要内容： 第一段总述当鸟类热的时候，会通过不同方式来散热，主要是 feather，blood and evaporation. 第二段说鸟类用羽毛散热。鸟类的羽毛很密，但他们的毛囊是可以立起来的，使空气能够充分的接触到没有羽毛的部分 adjacent，从而带走多余的热量，第三段说鸟类和人一样，可以通过加快血液循环来散热。首先说人在热时，体表的血管会变大，血流速度会加快，所以通常人一热，一个典型的 classic 现象就是肤色变红。而鸟一般是促进腿上脚上以及翅膀的血液循环来散热。 第四段说鸟还能用 beak 散热，而且散热量是总散热量的 60%左右，所以很多热带的鸟类都会有很大的喙，在冬天或者冷的时候，鸟一般会把喙藏在羽毛里以防止热量流失。 第五段说鸟通过蒸发散热，会像很多哺乳动物和脊柱动物一样，但又不像他们那么简单的只是通过一呼一吸使液体变为气体，鸟的肺有 9 个或更多气室，会使空气流遍全身，从而能更好的散热。 词汇题： 1.Adjacent=nearby 2.Classic=typical Passage Three 学科分类：考古学 题目：did seismosaurus live in swamp? 内容回忆：第一段讲述了地震龙是最大的恐龙，有长脖子和长尾巴，所以可能是居住在水 老托福阅读真题及答案解析 托福从听、说、读、写四方面进行英语能力全面考核。托福频道为大家提供了这四个方面的资料，希望对大家有所帮助。 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature. This temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can contribute to this temperature gradient. Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material. Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom sections of the nest so that the eggs are not in direct contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundation of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden bottom in extremely cold weather conditions, they can become chilled to a point where the embryo can no longer survive. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 1. What is the main idea of the passage ? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots' environment. (B) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Aviculturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots' nests provide information useful for artificial incubation. 2. The word "They" in line 2 refers to 0308 托福试题 阅读( 55minutes ) Question 1-11 seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it had trapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteur found that in ordinary air these exists a variety of solid structures ranging in size from 0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of these bodies resembled the reproductive (15) structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells . As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen If food is allowed to stand for some time, putrefies .When the putrefied material is examined microscopically ,it is teeming with bacteria. Where do these bacteria come from , since they are fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenth century, many people believed microorganisms originated by spontaneous (5 ) generation ,a hypothetical living organisms develop from nonliving matter. The most powerful spontaneous generation microbiologist Louis showed that structures present in air closely found not that it to be seen in such process by which of the theory of French chemist and opponent was the Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur resemble the microorganisms 高分托福高手经验谈作文 2019-02-26 第一次考托福的时候靠懵了，一出来的时候据我的同学说脸色是惨白的，8月19日那天突然降温，台风来了。我在风雨飘摇中在新东方作了最后一次模考(事后才知道是0401的)，自信心备受打击，没有到600。那天晚上我失眠了，11点的时候爬起来做语法，却发掘以前有很多信心的语法开始猛错。倒下睡觉。心里却碰碰直跳。12点半，我开始起来背托福词汇，自信心还是一点没有。那种自我怀疑的感觉到现在还历历在目。一晚没睡。第二天早上一听红牛就去考试。我那个据说能考到650的同学坐在我前面，我更加心神不宁。 分数出来了，我只有603…… 那时虽然复习时间不多，但我知道，自信心的缺乏才是考托福的第一大敌。一旦没有自信心，语感，神志，逻辑，心理，状态都会崩溃，然后做题的感觉和套路会大打折扣。 我从8月2日上新东方才开始正式复习托福。在那之前由于要准备SAT，我已经粗略的背过一遍红宝。但看到托福的题之后，最慌的是听力，然后是阅读。一开始我觉得托福的阅读是很难的。一方面是因为当时阅读的方法有问题，总是以整篇文章一起读，以为抓住了重点，却还要在众多细节题上回到文章重读。后来我根据新东方老师的“出题顺序与文章顺序大体一致”，分段读并且在题目中寻找答案的位置，还是有很大的提高的。另一方面是因为水平确实不够。阅读水平固然需要词汇，但是又牵涉到逻辑、语法之类的词汇间能力，对于当时只有高二英语水平的我来说，未免有些困难。第一次托福考完之后很快就恢复过来，开始准备SAT。SAT无论从词汇量还是文章难度上都比托福有了很大提高。SAT的题目第一次见到的时候就好像天书，觉得没有做得出来的题目。那时高三开学了，学习任务很重。每天复习到很晚，基本上都是在背单词以及阅读文章寻找做题感觉。文章读多了以后，虽然还是觉得很难，但逐渐看懂了。SAT的essay要求比较高，首先是没有模版的。虽然事先可以练一个定式，但废话模式肯定得不到高分。而且SAT写满46行却只给25分钟，这也是个很大的.挑战。这种作文模式我直到考SAT前还是要常常失误，心理没底。不过大概真的是aimhighandachieve，当我再次回到托福准备11T的时候，就突然发觉阅读变得简单了，那些句型和逻辑就好像是在看高考题，十分清晰，而且提问的问题也都可以方便的找到。这样信心就增加了一点。在写作文的时候，用的是一种半八股的方式，即有很多内容是事先写好的，由于有了SAT的练习，不到二十分钟一篇写满两页的作文就可以写好了。这样信心又增加了一点。至于听力，我在一段时间中一直在看英语的原版片，一段时间夏令营去了英国，与鬼子对话的同时，几天之内连看了 BatmanBegins,HarryPorter3,BJ,MinorityReport,Shreck等影片，当时满脑子都是对话和英语，虽然当中的很多习语在toefl中是不会出现的，但当我回到Toefl的时候，相似的情况出现了。听力也变得简单了，直观的感觉就是speaker的口齿清晰了，对话也慢了。这样一来，信心更多了。于是那天怀着 1: Do you think it is a good idea to let students keep pets in dorms Task 2: Do you agree that celebrities are good examples for young people 1: Which one of the following history courses should be added 1. history of science 2. art history 3. modern history of the 20th century Task 2: Some people prefer to make a plan with their friends about social activities, while others prefer to decide about what to do when they meet their friends. Which do you prefer 1: Which of the following volunteer jobs would you like to choose 1. clean up the park 2. plant trees 3. build a bicycle lane Task 2: Do you agree that universities are successful because of experienced professors 1: What hobby would you recommend to a friend who is busy with work Task 2: Which is more important to the success of an artist: natural talent or hard work 1: What are the disadvantages of moving to new places for work or education Task 2: Do you agree that schools should encourage students to be creative and imaginative in order for them to be successful 1: What is the biggest challenge for university students and why Task 2: Do you agree that it is more important to maintain the relationship with family members than with friends 1: Which one of the following should be done in order to improve the quality of life and study for the students 1. repairing the swimming pool 2. building a new cafeteria 3. improving laboratory equipment Task 2: Some people tend to judge a person on the basis of the first observation, while other people believe that it takes a long time to know a person well. Which do you think is better 1: If you are a member of a tutor group, which of the following places would you like to take the students to go on a field trip 1. a science museum 2. a local farm 3. a theater Task 2: Do you agree that students should be allowed to take additional courses to graduate as soon as possible 1: What do you think of the school you went to for the first time Was it a good school and why Task 2: Some students prefer to study alone, while others prefer to study with a group of students. Which do you prefer 1: Describe one of the most popular websites in your country. 2017年01月07日托福口语考题回忆 Task 1 The university wants to provide student more entertainments and three choices provided below, which do you prefer and why. l A theater performance by the student actors l A concert provided by professional musician l A lecture from a professor Sample Answer: Well, as a student, I will choose a theater performance by the student actors. For one thing, this kind of activity will improve their cooperation skills. To be more specific, a theater performance includes the whole process of organizing, participating, and promoting an event. Whether the student director or the actor take the responsibility to achieve his/her duty, so this is a great opportunity for them to learn how to deal with other people. Moreover, a performance could greatly inspire them to be more creative. I mean, in order to make a good show, students may have lots of difficulties to cope with, so they have to be flexible to face any emergency. As a result, they may come up with lots of new ideas to make it. Because of these two reasons, I believe this is the best choice. (140 words) Task 2 Friends may disagree with each other, and still maintain friendship. Do you agree with or disagree with this idea, why Sample Answer: Of course I agree with this idea. Firstly people are bound to be different. We have various family background as well as education background even though we are friends. So it is quite naturally that there come up different ideas toward one problem. For example I like watching movie in the movie theatre while my best friend Amy hate sitting in the dark place. But I never require her to go with me; we are still very close friends. Also, the friend who holds a different attitude with me sometimes could inspire me to think from another way. Maybe a very sharp discussion can lead me to an inspiring idea. After all, the experiences and knowledge of one person is limited. For me, I like the friend who are differ from me. (132 words) Task 3 阅读 标题：Create a Student Magazine 原因1： Students spend a lot of time on their paper, and some of them have high quality. So we need a magazine to publish those good quality papers. 2019托福阅读：模拟试题及答案解析（6） 【托福】 Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared — the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China." Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775. The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it 2015 13 1.25 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When working on a project, it’s better for classmates or colleagues to communicate face to face than sending emails. 2.1 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and televisions have more negative influences than positive influences on young people's behavior. 3.7 2 Some people think that it is an important part of a child’s education to go on field trips (for example, museums), other people think a child’s time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is your opinion? 3.28 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to complete a project and then start another one than to do several things at the same time. 4.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should spend money helping more people access the Internet instead of improving public transportation. 6.13 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's better to spend money enjoying life like going on vacation than to save money for the future. 6.29 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it's better to make friends with intelligent people than with people who have a sense of humor? 9.5 In order to attract more tourists, the government could either improve safety by hiring more police or improve its appearance by repairing old buildings and streets. Which way do you think is more effective? 9.12 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to achieve success, we must be more similar to others than be different from others. 10.10 Which is better for children's education: 9-month study and 3-month break or 3-month study and 1-month break? 10.11 Instead of spending money on exploration of outer space, government should 10.25 托福高分经验汇总：听说读写应该怎么练托福考试的考察非常全面，听说读写面面俱到，所以大家在备考的时候也需要每个方面都顾及到。今天给大家带来了托福高分经验汇总：听说读写应该怎么练,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。托福高分经验汇总：听说读写应该怎么练?一.考托福必过词汇关许多托福拿到高分的大神都强调了背单词的重要性。其实词汇是很基础的东西，但是非常重要。托福词汇可以说是贯彻了托福备考的始终，托福单词书要背，阅读、听力、写作和口语里遇到的生词也要记，所以，考托福必过词汇关。二.托福阅读：快速，准确，多练习大多取得高分的考生都认为阅读是个长期积累的过程，但是积累是基础，其实新托福考试中还考察了我们的另外一个能力，考试技巧。你需要迅速把握文章内容、识别题目、针对不同题目进行不同解法，以及快速排除错误选项，所以基础打好以后，阅读还是要多练习。一定要做到快速，准确。三. 托福听力：速记能力很重要大神推荐的听力考试方法都会提到速记能力。Lecture部分，大家需要记好笔记，因为篇幅过长，只靠短暂记忆很容易忽略一些细节，做题时可能已经忘了，所以速记能力是托福听力拿高分的关键。关于听力对话部分是否需要记笔记，大家意见不一，有的人说一定要记，也有的人说不用。其实两者各有优缺点，大家在练习时找一找感觉，看看自己适应哪种方式。四. 托福口语：注意逻辑性和时间掌控大神分享的托福口语高分经验中，除了多练习之外，大部分都强调了口语表达的逻辑性和对时间的把握。考试的时间有限，口语的表达很重要的一点就是逻辑性， 一定要条理清晰地表达，另外需要把握好时间，在有限的时间内把自己的观点陈述完成。另外，平时练习口语，如果能找外教一对一练习，效果也是很不错的。需要注意的是，口语练习一定不要背模板，因为表达起来过于生硬，不如在练习中自己总结模板。五.托福写作：重基础，多练习托福写作分为两块，综合写作和独立写作。综合写作也会涉及到一些听力和阅读，主要考察总结归纳能力。独立写作是需要你自己去完整构思文章的，所以需要自己去构思文章，填充细节，举例论证等等，文章内容越充实越好，自己写的论点要能够自圆其说。另外，不要被写作要求的字数限制住，一定要将自己的思想表达完整，字数超过一些是不会扣分的。托福语法技巧：复合名词1 名词+名词：LondonTransport伦敦公交公司Fleet Street舰队街(伦敦的报馆 街)TowerBridge(伦敦泰晤士河上的)塔楼桥hall door大厅的门traffic warden交通管理员petrol tank汽油桶，汽油罐hitch-hiker沿路搭便车的人，搭顺风车的人sky-jacker劫机者river bank河岸，江岸kitchentable厨房用的桌子winterclothes冬季服装2 名词+动名词：fruit picking摘水果lorry driving开运货汽车coal-mining采煤weight-lifting 举重bird-watching观察/研究鸟类surf-riding冲浪运动3 动名词+名词：waiting list等候者名单diving-board跳板driving licence驾驶执照landing card登陆卡dining-room餐厅，食堂swimming pool游泳池这些组合可用在：1 当第二个名词属于第一个名词或是它的一部分时：shopwindow商店橱窗picture frame镜框college library大学图书馆church bell教堂的钟gardengate花园的大门gear lever变速杆但是一些 2018/01/06上午 Task 1: It's hard for people to save money. Do you have any suggestions on saving money? Task 2: In some countries it is now possible to do homeschooling. Do you agree or disagree with this? 2018/01/06下午 Task 1: Community service is a very important thing for people to do these days, and companies sometimes are willing to encourage their employees to take part in community services. Which of the following three methods do you think companies can use to most effectively encourage their employees to perform community service? 1.Providing employees time during their work to take part in community services. Such time spent doing community service will count as work hours. 2.Providing a money award for the employee who is the most active in community services 3.Posting community service information on the company's website. Task 2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is important to know the history of the city that you live in? 2018/01/13 Task 1: Teachers now often give students groupwork homework rather than individual work. Talk about one advantage and one disadvantage of doing groupwork Task 2: Sometimes you will find that you have different opinions on political issues with your friends and family. When this happens, what Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. crumbles readily when exposed to a moist, acid atmosphere, but the stone is durable in adry atmosphere. (A) The surface of marble is (B) The surface of marble, which (C) Although the surface of marble (D) The surface of marble 2. By using their trunks, elephants can tell the shape of an object and is rough or smooth, orhot or cold. (A) it (B) whether it (C) how (D) since it 3. In 1989 Carret Hongo was chosen as for the Pulitzer Prize in poetry. (A) his being one of the finalists (B) to be one of the finalists (C) one of the finalists (D) the one finalist who 4. The Moon is much closer to Earthis the Sun, and thus it had greater influence on the tides. (A) unlike (B) than (C) but (D) where 5. The brain of an average adult is one of the largest organs of the body, about three pounds. (A) weighs (B) is weighed (C) weighing (D) to weigh it 6. Throughout history different representations for numbers and for the basic process ofcounting. (A) have been many (B) there have been many (C) many (D) when many 7. Democratic governments constantly face the problem of balancing the individual with theneeds of society. (A) the rights of (B) to the rights for (C) for the rights to (D) with the rights by 8. Connecticut was the fifth of the original thirteen states the Constitution of the UnitedStates. (A) ratified (B) ratify (C) to ratify (D) have ratified 9. The chemical composition of sandstone is the same as (A) that of sand (B) that sand is (C) sand is that (D) what of sand 10. Hydrofoils can exceed 75 miles per hour, as compared with conventional watercraft, whosemaximum speeds approach 50 miles per hour. (A) are rarely (B) rarely (C) of rarely (D) they rarely 11. It was novelist and poet in 1968 founded Jackson State University's Institute for theStudy of the History, Life, and Culture of Black People. (A) Margaret Walker did (B) Margaret Walker (C) Margaret Walker who (D) Margaret Walker and 12. Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper into ornaments,knives, and other artifacts. (A) Which was hammering (B) which hammered (C) was hammered (D) hammered 13. In western North America, form the Great Divide, which separates the areas fromwhich waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific. (A) the Rocky Mountains (B) where the Rocky Mountains (C) the Rocky Mountains in which 1老托福阅读真题及答案解析
历年托福考试阅读真题汇总含答案
高分托福高手经验谈作文.
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托福口语真题分析与范文
2019托福阅读考试真题(3)
托福 2015年独立写作真题数据 分析
托福高分经验汇总：听说读写应该怎么练
2018年全年托福独立口语题目总汇
托福真题(附答案)