人教英语必修一第一单元Unit 1 Friendship定语从句学案(无答案)

人教英语必修一第一单元Unit 1 Friendship定语从句学案(无答案)
人教英语必修一第一单元Unit 1 Friendship定语从句学案(无答案)

Attributive Clause

课型:语法课课时:第一课时

【Curriculum demands】

1.Learn basic information about attributive clause

2.Master the usage of relative pronouns and relative adverbs

【Demands in the exam】

1.Study the differences between relative pronouns and relative adverbs

2.Try to analyze sentences and choose correct relative words

【Learning aims】

1.Foster the ability to analyze long sentences

2.Try to write sentences with attributive clauses

自学

内容

Review the basic information about attributive clause

要求

1.Refer to the notes or grammar books to find the basic concepts

2.Master the attributive clauses introduced by that/which/whom/who/whose

相关概念

主句、从句、关系词

例句:This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition.

主句:在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。(This is the boy.是主句。) 定语从句:相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词(有时修饰整个主句,相当于主句的一个定语。)(例句中,who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition是定语从句,修饰the boy。)

先行词:先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。(the boy是先行词。)

关系词:关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。(who是关系代词。)

关系词的三个作用

作定语从句的一个句子成分。起着连接主句和从句的作用。代指被修饰的先行词。(例句中who作定语从句的主语,同时起着连接作用,在意思上,指代的是前面的先行词the boy。)

关系代词

指人时可以用who, 也可用that。

Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?

指物时可以用which, 也可用that。

I like visiting places which/that are not far away.

whose可以指人也可以指物。

He was a painter whose pictures were not well- known in his life time.

关系代词作宾语时可以省略。

I like the meal that/which / ( ) we had last night.

注:()表示关系代词省略

关系副词

关系副词在从句中只能作状语。when 指时间,where指地点,why指原因,how不能作关系词。如:

We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better.

He has reached the point where a change is needed.

That is no reason why you should leave.

基础过关

1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。

The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.

The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith.

A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.

I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea.

问题中心以学为本先学后教合作展评

A letter ______ /______ is written in pencil is hard to read.

The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ / ______ you are looking for.

Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting?

This is the school ______ I used to study.

I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.

2. 用符号标出句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。主句:____定语从句:

The movie that we saw last night is very exciting.

Have you bought the book which we talked about?

I still remember the day which we spent together last week.

He still lives in the house whose windows face south.

The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.

The girl who you met was John’s s ister.

There is no reason why we shouldn’t be friends.

They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark.

The days were gone when we had to travel on horses.

Is this the hospital where you were born?

互学

内容

To get the basic usage of relative words

要求

Know the ways to analyse sentences and choose correct words

关系词的选择

选用哪个关系词,关键是看关系词在定语从句

....中作什么成分

含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分:主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。

选用关系词,要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分,而不是看先行词是什么词性。

He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.

He worked in the factory where his father had worked.

I like the school which is near to my home.

I like the school where my sister studies.

用哪个关系词,主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分

........................。

选用关系词的方法:一“找”二“还”三“替换”

找:就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。

还:根据先行词提示的意思,大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。(可以添词)

替换:用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分,作主语和宾语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词。(时间状语用when,地点状语用where, 原因状语用why)

This is the school ______ I once studied.

This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.

I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.

还原:根据先行词的提示,这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为:

I once studied at the school. The school is the most famous in the city. My father teaches English at the school. 因此,答案为:1.where;2. that/which;3. Where

利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词

Is this the reason ______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

Is this the reason ______ he was so careless in his work?

The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill.

He lives in a village ______ is not far from the city.

He lives in the village ______ he was born.

In an hour, we travel to places ______ could have taken our ancestors days to reach.

In an hour, we travel to places ______ we can relax and get refreshed.

The place ______ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.

The place ______ he had a good time last Sunday was the Children’s Palace.

I’ll never fo rget the days ______ we studied together.

I’ll never forget the days ______ we spent together.

If we want to have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways ______ do not do harm to other living things.

Is this the factory ______ color TV sets are produced?

A. when

B. the one where

C. that

D. in which

Is this factory ______ color TV sets are produced?

A. which

B. the one where

C. that

D. in which

This is the factory ______ produces color TV sets.

【2010天津】—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

—You should try the barber’s ______ I go. It’s only 15.

【2011陕西】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【2011福建】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

【2013山东】Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.

展学

内容

To get the differences between different words

要求

Learn to understand the sentences in authentic situation

只能用that不能用which的情况

He never reads anything ______ is not worth reading.

I refuse to accept the blame for something ______ was someone else’s fault.

These people once had fame and fortune; now all ______ is left to them is utter poverty.

There is not much ______ can be done.

There is no difficulty ______ c an’t be overcome in the world.

All the apples ______ fell down were eaten by the pigs.

You can take any seat ______ is free.

The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.

My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

The TV play I watched last night is the best one ______ I have watched this year.

This is the very film ______ I’ve long wished to see.

I like the second football match ______ was held last week.

This is the last time ______ I shall come here to help you.

It’s the third time ______ late this month.

A. that you arrived

B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived

D. when you’ve arrived

We’re talking about the piano and the pianist______ were in the concert we attended last night.

Both the girl and her dog ______ were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.

归纳:___________________________________________________________________

注意:关系副词不受这些规则的影响,只是选用关系代词时才使用这些规则。如:

Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ______ life has developed gradually. This is the same house ______ her grandfather was born.

问题中心以学为本先学后教合作展评

其他有关关系词选择的规则

关系代词直接放在介词后面时,要用which,不用that;要用whom,不用who

【2011湖南】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of ______ she spoke fluently.

【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control. This is the museum ______ we saw an exhibition the other day.

【2009全国I】She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I had ever met before.

【2010浙江】The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ____ left their village homes for a better life in the city.

【2012上海】Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?

引导非限制性定语从句时,要用which, who, whom, 不用that,也不能省略

【2008浙江】Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.

【2010全国1】As a child, Jack studied in a village school, ______ is named after his grandfather.

【2012全国Ⅱ】That evening, ____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

当先行词前面有which,who等疑问代词时,为避免重复,用关系代词that

Who is the person ______ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?

Who ______ has common sense will do such a thing?

Those ______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人)时,关系代词常用who

Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。

All who heard the story were amazed.所有听到这个故事的人都很惊讶。

whose可指人也可指物

若指物,它还可以同of which互换; 若指人,则不可与of whom互换

He lives in a house. Its window faces south.→He live s in a house whose window faces south.

He lives in a house. The window of it faces south.→He lives in a house, the window of which faces south.

→He lives in a house, of which the window faces south.He is the farmer. His son is studying in Qinghua University.

由于一般说his son,不说the son of him; 说my book, 不说the book of me, 因此我们只能说:

He is the farmer whose son is studying in Qinghua University.

而不能说:He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in Qinghua University.

名词前有冠词the时用of which, 名词前没有冠词时用whose

①I saw some trees ______ the leaves were black with disease.

②【2010陕西】The old temple, ______ roof was damaged in storm, is now under repair.

③【2011全国I】The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination.

④【2008陕西】The man pulled out a gold watch, ______ were made of small diamonds.

⑤【2009安徽】Many children, _____ parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the

village.

⑥【2012天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.

⑦【2013福建】The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.

点学

内容

1.Explain the grammar rules

2. Do exercises to consolidate these rules

关系副词

关系副词在定语从句中作状语

【2008北京】I’ll give you my friend’s home address, ______ I can be reached most evenings.

【2008安徽】All the neighbors admire this family, ______ the parents are treating their child like a friend.

【2009重庆】Life is like a long race ______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

【2012重庆】Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales ability. 【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information is available with great ease than ever before.

【2013四川】Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live.

the way作先行词

首先要确定the way在定语从句中作什么成分。如果the way在定语从句中作主语或宾语,要选用关系代词。

I don’t like the way ______ will cost too much money.

The way ______ he thought of to solve the problem was not practical.

The way ______ he answered the question was surprising.

The way ______ he looks at problems is wrong.

That is not the way ______ I do it.

This is the only way ______ you can find.

I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to his mother.

situation, case, point, business,scene, job, stag等作先行词

【2007江西】After graduation she reached a point in her career ______ she needed to decide what to do.

【2009浙江】I have reached a point in my life______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

【2003上海】I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a g ood essay.

【2008江西】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

【2004湖南】I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

【2009福建】It’s helpful to put c hildren in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently.

In experiments ___ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as they want, they tend to sleep an average of hours.

关系词的省略

关系代词作宾语时的省略

当关系代词在非限制性定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语,且关系代词不直接位于介词后时,可以省略。

Is there anything (that) you want? 想要什么东西吗?

Who is the man (that, who, whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

但是,如果是直接用于介词后作宾语或位于非限制性定语从句中,则不可省略。如:

This is the room in which I live. 这是我住的那间房间。

He met Mary at the party, whom he married a week later.

介词+关系代词

关系代词直接跟在介词后时,只可用whom或which, 不可用who, that.

部分与整体用of some of us, many of them

The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ______ up to half will be from overseas.

There are many books on science, ______ this is one example.

For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ New York is an example.

In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses.

介词的选择:看前看后看意思

The bicycle ______ he often rides needs repairing.

100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil.

The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.

The two things ______ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

问题中心以学为本先学后教合作展评

Henry set up a club for football fans, ______ he invited all his friends.

Wind power is an ancient source of energy ______ we may return in the near future.

Is this just the city ______ the foreign guests wish to pay a visit ______.

He is a man of great experience, ______ much can be learned.

In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.

The pen ______ he is writing is mine.

Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______ Hangzhou is famous in the world.

Gun control is a subject ______ Americans have argued for a long time.

The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ______ he could see ______ was going on inside the house.

A. which; what

B. through which; what

C. through that; what

D. what; that

In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ______ many people have gone home.

A. whose time

B. that

C. on which

D. by which time

Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ______ there won’t be much work.

A. where

B. That

C. by which

D. without which

By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ______ appeared a rare rainbow soon.

归纳:_____________________________________________________________________________

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

练习

翻译下列句子,注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。

He has a brother who is a physicist.

He has a brother, who is a physicist.

He returned all the books which are written in English.

He returned all the books, which are written in English.

The man who lives next door is a doctor.

My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.

A student who studies hard will make good progress.

The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team.

as, which引导的非限制性定语从句

as, which 可指代整个主句,也可指代主句的一部分。

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面/中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

as引导非限制性定语从句,常带有“正如”。

as is often the case,as we all know, as is known to all, as you can see为固定搭配。

He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ______ was unexpected.

After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made all the others upset.

His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.

【2009全国II】My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.

【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was,he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 【2013安徽】Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, ______ made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.

【2012福建】The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

______ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.

【2013山东】There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.

【2013陕西】______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

The Beatles, ______ many of you are told enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

关系副词引导非限制性定语从句

It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _ for the first time in years their team won the world cup. The rainbow can’t be seen at noon, ______ the sun is high in the sky.

Christmas is the only time of the year, ______ men and women open their hearts freely and think of other people. We played in the garden till sunset, ______ it began to rain.

当堂检测

用定语从句连接下列每对句子:

1.She was talking with a lady. Her son was ill.

2. He will always remember the years. He spent the years in the little village as a child.

3.The clothes have been cleaned. I'm wearing them.

4.He is sitting in a chair. It is broken.

5. Everyone likes to make friends with her. She is a person.

6. Can you tell me the reason? You sold your new car for the reason.

7. That’s the hotel. We stayed there last year.

8. The bus was surrounded by an angry crow. Most of the bus was already full.

9. I’ll never forget the day. We worked together in London then.

10.You sent my sister a present. Thank you very much for it.

布置作业

1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.

2. It was on the farm _________ we worked that I got to know her.

3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of _______ wanted to buy it.

4. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, mo st of _____are healthy

5. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

6. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

7. After graduation she reached a point in her career_______ she heeded to decision what to do.

8. Some preschool children go to a day care center, _______they learn simple games and songs.

9. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

10. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad.

问题中心以学为本先学后教合作展评

11. It is reported that two schools,both of _______ are being built in my hometown,will open next year.

12. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.

13. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ______ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.

14. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

15. Eric received training in computer for one year, after _____ he found a job in a big company.

16. She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before.

17. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of _____ are beyond our control.

18. The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.

19. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

20. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

21. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.

22. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea _________ the party is to be held?

23. They will fly to Washington, ___ they plan to stay for two or three days.

24. We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.

25. ______is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

26. I find teaching fun and challenging, ______is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting .

27. It’s helpful to put children in a situation______ they can see themselves differently.

28. A good friend of mine from______ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.

29. Many children,______ parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.

30.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city______ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

32. My friend showed me round the town, _____ was very kind of him.

33. The house ________I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

学后反思

收获

不足

改进措施

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German 德国的.德国人的.德语的. Nazi 纳粹党人adj 纳粹党的 set down 记下;放下.登记 series 连续,系列 a series of 一连串的.一系列;一套outdoors在户外.在野外 spellbind 迷住;疑惑 purpose 故意 in order to 为了 dusk 黄昏傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n 雷,雷声 entire adj 整个的;完全的,全部的entirely ady. 完全地.全然地.整个地Power能力.力量.权力。 Face to face 面对面地 Curtain 窗帘;门帘.幕布 dusty adj 积满灰尘的 no longer /not …any longer 不再partner 伙伴.合作者.合伙人 settle 安家.定居.停留vt 使定居.安排.解决suffer vt &遭受;忍受经历

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