2020近5年中考英语最常考50组重点词语辨析,全

2020近5年中考英语最常考50组重点词语辨析,全
2020近5年中考英语最常考50组重点词语辨析,全

近5年中考英语最常考50组重点词语辨析,全

1. after, in

这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思。

after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。如:She went after three days.

她是三天以后走的。

in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中。如:She will go in three days.

她三天以后要走。

2. how long, how often, how soon

how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问。如:

How long ago was it?

这是多久前的事了?

how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问。如:

—How often does he come here? —Once a month.

他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次?

how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问。如:

How soon can you come?

你多快能赶来?

3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some

few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;

而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”。

few 和a few修饰可数名词;little 和a little 修饰不可数名词。

several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思。

some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或a little,有时指更多一些的数量。

4. the other, another

the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指。如:

We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other.

我们站在街这边,他们站在那边。

another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个。如:

She has taken another of my books.

她已经拿了我的另外一本书。

5. spend, take, cost, pay

spend的宾语通常是时间,金钱,在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语。如:

She spent the whole evening in reading.

她把整个晚上用来读书。

take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语。如:How long will this job take you?

你做这项工作要花多长时间?

cost 指花费时间、金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态。如:

How much does the jacket cost?

这件夹克多少钱?

pay主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)。如:

I pay for my rooms by month.

我按月支付租金。

6. speak, say, talk, tell

这四个动词都有“说”的意思。

speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称,如:

He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。

say的意思是“说;讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容。它的宾语可以是名词、代词或直接引语等。如:

She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”

她说:“别在墙上画画!”

talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话。如:

She is talking with John in English。

她正在和约翰用英语交谈。

tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语,除了story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语。如:

She is telling the children a story。

她正在给孩子们讲故事。

7. among, between

between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间。如:There is a table between two windows.

在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。

between有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities

省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系)

among 的意思是“在……中间;在……之中”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中。如:

The teacher distributed them among the students. 老师把这些东西分给了学生。

8. beat, win

这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同。beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队。如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们。

win“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛、名次。如:

We won the match/game/race/the first place.

我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。

9. agree with, agree on, agree to

agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”。如:

We all agree on (making) an early start.

我们一致同意及早出发。

agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见?看法的名词或what引导的从句。如:

I agree with you without reservation。

我毫无保留地同意你的意见。

We agree with what you said just now.

我们同意你刚才所说的意见。

agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句。如:

I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。

10. bring, take, carry,fetch

这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。Bring表示“带来,拿来”。如:

Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work.

下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解。如:

Take the box away, please.

请把盒子拿走。

carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:

This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers.

这辆巴士准载一百人。

fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。如:

Please fetch me the documents in that room.

请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。

11. each, every

两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。

each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思。如:

She knows each student of the class。

她认识这个班里的每一个学生。

She knows every student of the class.

她认识这个班所有的学生。

12. no one, none

no one指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,如:

No one believes him since he is not honest.

没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。

No one else but I went.

除我以外,谁也没去。

none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单复数都可以,但在“主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:

None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties.

我们谁也不怕困难。

13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with

这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:

go on doing表示“继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;

go on to do表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;

go on with也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。

14. too much, much too

二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,不可修饰动词。如:

It’s much too cold。

天气实在是太冷了。

too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法:

(1)作名词词组。如:

You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。

(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词。如:

Don’t drink too much wine. 不要饮太多的酒。

(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词。如:

She talks too much. 她说话太多。

15. lonely, alone

二者都可表示“孤独,独自”,alone指客观存在的“孤独”,而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞”。如:

I went alone. 我是一个人去的。

Mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely.

玛丽孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤独。

16. happen, take place与occur

happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物、情况的发生。如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen.

你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害。

occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?

你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?

具体事物、事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用。如:

The accident happened/occurred yesterday.

事故是昨天发生的。

take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性。如:The meeting took place last night。

会议昨晚举行。

17. in front of, in the front of

in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如:

There is a tree in front of the house.

房子前面有一棵树。

in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.

教室里前部有一块黑板。

18. find, find out

两者都有“发现”的意思,但语义有差别。

find有偶然发现某物的意味。如:

He found a bag on the floor.

他发现地板上有个书包。

find out指“经过,探听,询问”,指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”。如:Please find out who took my book by mistake.

请查清楚谁错拿了我的书。

19. noise, voice, sound

这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。

sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:

a weak sound 微弱的声。

noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:

Another kind of pollution is noise.

另外一种污染是噪音。

voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。

有时也用于引申意义,表示“意见、发言权”。

如:

I have no voice in the matter.

对于这件事,我没有发言权。

20. arrive, get, reach

三者均可表示“到达”。arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或in(一般用于较大的地方)。如:

We arrived at the station five minutes late.

我们晚了5分钟到车站。

They will arrive in Paris next Monday.

他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。

get之后通常接介词to。如:

When we got to the park, it began to rain.

我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

reach是及物动词(较get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:

He reached Beijing yesterday.

他昨天到达北京.

21. be afraid, be afraid of, be afraid for

(1)be afraid意为"害怕",如果后接宾语从句,意为"恐怕……",

用来表示常有歉意的回话或引出令人不满意的消息。

I am afraid I can't help you.

我恐怕帮不了你的忙。

(2)be afraid of+名词/代词/动名词,意为"害怕某人/做某事",

往往指长期具有的心理状态。

I am afraid of going out at night.

我害怕晚上出去。

(3)be afraid for后习惯接表示人的代词,表示"替某人担心"。如:

I am afraid for you.我替你担心。

22. borrow, lend

(1)二者都有"借"的意思,使用时应注意以谁为中心的问题,borrow是以"我"为中心,"借进"的意思,常与from连用。如:

I've borrowed two books from the library.

我从图书馆借了2本书。

(2)lend是以"你"为中心,意为"借出",常跟介词to搭配。如:

Can you lend your dictionary to me?

能借你的字典给我吗?

这二者都可有这样的结构:

borrow sb. sth; lend sb. sth.

23. bring, take, fetch, carry

(1)bring意为"带来",指把某物从别的地方带到说话时的这个地方来。如:Remember to bring your book tomorrow.

记住明天把你的书带来。

(2)take意为"带走",即把某物带到别的地方去。

It's going to rain. You'd better take an umbrella with you.

要下雨了。你最好带上一把雨伞。

(3)fetch意为"去取来某物",它包括一个往返的过程。如:

Will you go and fetch some water?

你去取一点水来,好吗?

(4)carry一般指"随身携带的细小物品",此外还多用于汽车、火车等交通工具,意为"运载"的意思。如:

He always carries a pocket dictionary with him.

他总是随身携带一本袖珍字典。

24. by, with, in

by、with、in都可以表示使用"工具"、"手段"。它们的区别是:

by表示"以……方式(方法、手段)"和"乘坐某种交通工具";

He goes to school by bike.

他骑自行车上学。

with指"借助于具体的手段和工具";

Jim is climbing the tree with a ladder.

吉姆用梯子爬树。

in表示"以……方式","用某种语言"。

《中考英语》初中英语词汇辨析的全集汇编含答案

一、选择题 1.—What do you think of the performance today? —Great! ________ but a musical genius could perform so successfully. A.All B.None C.Anybody D.Everybody 2.My email ________ to you last night. Have you received it ________? A.sent; too B.is sent; already C.was sent; yet D.was sent; either 3.In modern life, shopping online is________ used by many people, especially for teenagers. A.exactly B.badly C.heavily D.widely 4.That path ________ directly to my house.You won't miss it. A.leads B.forms C.repairs D.controls 5.— Can you tell us about our new teacher? —Oh, I’m sorry. I know________ about him because I haven’t seen him before. A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything 6.People who always do sports are in spirits than those who don't. A.high B.higher C.tall D.taller 7.You should be careful to pay over the Internet, ________it’s not always safe. A.so B.because C.after D.as soon as 8.Danny looks sad. How I________ telling him the bad news! A.remember B.regret C.refuse 9.World Book Day takes place ________ April 23rd every year. A.at B.in C.on 10.Wang Dong didn't go to school yesterday ________ he was ill. A.so B.if C.because 11.Kangkang gets up early every day and he is ________ late for school. A.sometimes B.often C.never D.usually 12.Remember to return the book to the school library in time, ________ you will be fined(罚款). A.or B.and C.but D.so 13.—Do you know what the meeting is about? —Yes, of course. It will ________ some important rules we need to know about our new senior high school. A.talk B.achieve C.memorize D.cover 14.—Do you like English? —Yes, I think it is difficult ________ interesting. A.and B.but C.because 15.—Billy, you are very confident all the time, how do you make it? —I think confidence is more than just an attitude, it comes from a strong ________ to take

中考英语易混淆词汇辨析[整理版]

中考词汇辨析 §1 a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换,但有时不能。 Ⅰ.二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时,意义相同,为“一点儿”“有些”。如: ①I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。 ②He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。 Ⅱ.二者都可以作名词词组,充当主语或宾语。如: ①A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 ②I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。 Ⅲ。a little可直接修饰名词;a bit后须加of才可以。如: ①.There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle. [注意]a little of后的名词通常特指,表“……中的一些”,如: ①May I have a little of your tea? Ⅳ. 否定形式not a little 作状语,相当于very/ quite, “很”,“非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于much, 意为“许多”。而not a bit 作状语时,相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”,作宾语时则相当于not much. Eg: ①He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。 ②He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。 ③She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。 Ⅴ. Not a bit中的not 可以分开使用;not a littl e中的not 则不能分开。Eg: ①He felt not a bit tired. = He didn’t feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。 ②He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说:He didn’t fell a little tired. §2 a few/ few/ a little/ little Ⅰ. a few和few修饰可数名词,a little和little修饰不可数名词;a few和a little表示肯定意义,few和little表示否定意义,可受only修饰。如: ①Few people will agree to the plan because it’s too dangerous. ②This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it. ③T here is little water left in glass. Will you please give me some ④Don’t worry, we have a little time left. §3above/over/on/upon Ⅰ. 方位介词,“在……之上” Ⅱ. above 着重指:在……上方,不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为:below. ①The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。 ②The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。 Ⅲ.over 表盖在……上面,或铺在……上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under. ①Spread the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。 Ⅳ. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。 ①The book is on the desk. ②There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。 Ⅴ.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别,但较正式,口语中较少用。 ①He laid his hand upon the boy’s head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。 [注]up 与以上几个不同,它表示向上方或高处,含有由下而上,由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时,表示在上方或高处。 ①We run up a hill. 我们跑上山。 ②The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。 §4accept/receive Ⅰ. accept “接受”,表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。 ①I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。

《中考英语》初中英语词汇辨析的难题汇编含答案

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