牛津上海版英语四年级上语法全)

牛津上海版英语四年级上语法全)
牛津上海版英语四年级上语法全)

英语笔记
(四、五年级)
目录
1. 音标……………………………………………………………………(P1-6) 2. 反义词…………………………………………………………………(P7) 3. 人称代词………………………………………………………………(P8) 4. 动名词…………………………………………………………………(P9) 5. 可数名词的复数变化形式……………………………………………(P10)
6. 《 7. 星期和月份的词汇……………………………………………………(P11) 8. 基数词和序数词的用法………………………………………………(P12) 9. to be 句型……………………………………………………………(P13) 10. 含有 have/has 的句型…………………………………………………(P14) 11. can 句型…………………………………………………………………(P15) 12. there be 句型……………………………………………………………(P16) 13. 祈使句……………………………………………………………………(P17) 14. to do 句型………………………………………………………………(P18)
15. 。 16. 改写句子 1-----否定句……………………………………………………(P19) 17. 改写句子 2-----一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答…………………………(P20) 18. 改写句子 3----特殊疑问句………………………………………………(P21)
19.
…………………………………………(P )
20.
…………………………………………(P )
21.
…………………………………………(P )
22.
…………………………………………(P )
23.
…………………………………………(P )
24. &
25.
…………………………………………(P )
26.
…………………………………………(P )
27.
…………………………………………(P )

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. ,
34.
35. 36. 37. 38. 39.
1. a

ai ay ey ea ei 2. a
3. e
ee
$
ea
i
…………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P )
…………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P ) …………………………………………(P )
音标
cake table make Jane plate snake name face place plane take gate tape taste baby lady paper station favourite
tail rain rainy train wait day hay gray May may play say way away today birthday hurray they grey survey great break eight an and at bad bag black can cat catch dad fat hand hat have has sad jam piano lamp man map stamp stand thank that van angry apple happy jacket panda rabbit salad taxi traffic animal family Saturday piano he me she be we these evening zebra Peter Eva Chinese Japanese bee feel green knee meet need see seed sheep sleep street tree sweep sweet three keep
beach bean clean eat leaf meat peach please read sea tea easy season teacher east pizza

ie
piece
eo
people
4. e /e/ egg bed desk ten pen pencil red seven Ken dress get help left leg
let net next smell tell them then well west when wet yes clever every
jelly letter present question second tennis very welcome yellow
together eleven twelve elephant
ea /e/ bread head weather breakfast heavy
ie /e/ friend
a /e/ any many (只有两个)
5. :
i 6.
like kite bicycle bike Mike nice nine I child climb drive driver fine
hi ice ice-cream mice rice ride shine sign slide smile time white wild
write tiger behind beside library pineapple mine line
igh high light night right bright tonight
y
by cry dry fly my sky try why
ie
tie pie fries
uy
buy
eye eye
7. i
big pig pink Jim his him is it its playing with stick drink fish gift give
in list milk Miss pick ship sing sit spring swim swing thin thing this
wind biscuit chick chicken children dinner kitchen listen little sister
window winter picture rabbit animal morning will six slim
y
lovely slowly Danny party happy Dolly Tony Kitty very sunny cloudy
windy rainy snowy family library busy any many pretty
\
e u ey 8. o
ow
oa ou oe
puppet basket eleven peaches elephant supermarket toilet pretty busy monkey money
old cold go photo rose hold close clothes fold home no nose rope so those open over hello October piano Flo
blow bowl slow snow know grow show yellow window rainbow crow boat coat road goat shoulder toe Joe

9. } 10. oor
our ure 11. o
a au or 12. u
poor tour sure dog box shop hot Bonnie cross fox long lot not nod on soft song stop strong body coffee office doctor chocolate volleyball October want watch what wash sausage because orange sorry borrow tomorrow duck sun sunny cut cup Russ run up summer bus but jump much lunch mum us butter butterfly hungry fun funny number rubber study Sunday ugly uncle under umbrella trunk us club
)
o
love lovely come some sometimes front son brother colour
Monday monkey money mother above become other
ou
touch rough young cousin
13. ar
car card arm art farm dark far hard March park star start garden
party scarf large sharp smart market supermarket yard Mark
a
ask class dance fast glass grass past plant after afternoon father
basketball banana answer bath branch
au
aunt laugh
al
half
ear heart
14. y / j / yes year yellow you your young yummy
15. 【
16. oo /u:/ cool food moon room root school smooth spoon too tooth
zoo afternoon pool
u /u:/ June ruler Judy rule
ue /u:/ blue glue true Sue
o /u:/ do who whose to
ou /u:/ group soup you
ui/ /u:/ fruit juice
17. u / ju:/ pupil tube music use useful super cute unit supermarket
computer usually tune student
ew / ju:/ new news newspaper

$
eau / ju:/ beautiful
18. al
all ball call hall small talk tall walk wall always chalk fall
salt salty
or
for horse or short corn sport before more tortoise
aw
draw seesaw strawberry
au
autumn August Laura
ar
warm quarter award
oor
door floor
/
our
four your yours
a
water
augh
daughter
19. ir
bird girl shirt skirt first sir birthday circle dirty thirsty thirteen third
thirty
er
her term
ur
nurse turn Thursday purse
or
word world work worker
ear
learn early
20. …
oo 21.
book cook foot good look football goodbye classroom
u
full pull push put sugar bull
o woman wolf
ou would should could
22.a about away woman pizza zebra cinema vegetable banana
e
children cinema camera garden
o chocolate computer potato second today together tonight welcome
i
beautiful April terrible
~
u
autumn difficult August minus
er
after brother clever mother father sister December dinner finger
letter number October over river rubber ruler summer super
under water weather afternoon supermarket trousers computer
or doctor mirror scissors
ar sugar
ur Saturday

23. ou
ow 24. ear
cloud cloudy count house loud aloud mouse mouth out shout round sound south trousers about ouch cow how now brown down town wow bow owl ear hear near dear fear tear
~
eer ea ere 25. ere ear eir air are
deer beer engineer idea theatre here there where bear pear wear their air chair hair pair share square Clare
[
ae
aeroplane
26. oy
boy toy Joyce
oi
toilet noise point voice
27. th
thin three thank thick thing mouth birthday tooth think third
Thursday throw both north south month thirty thirsty
28. th
this that these those they them their there smooth brother
father mother with clothes together weather the then
29. ch
chair chick chicken child children China Chinese chocolate teach
teacher beach lunch March much peach touch which
branch
tch watch catch match kitchen
30. 《
31.
sh
she sheep shine ship shoe short shoulder show shut brush
shop dish fish push wash wish English rubbish
s
sure sugar
32. w /w/ wait walk wall want warm water way we week Wednesday well
west wet wild will win wind window windy winter woman word
work world would swim swing sweep sweet away always
wh /w/ what where white why which when
33. k / k / park basketball ask worker bike book cook dark lake like look
make kitchen talk walk week work sky
c / k / cake clean can car coat cold colour come computer cook cool

copy corn count cow cup cut act difficult rectangle October scarf because become chocolate doctor picnic picture second ck / k / chick chicken jacket back clock rock duck knock pick sock sick quick ch / k / school Christmas
<
* x / ks/ box fox six taxi text next exercise 34. l / l / late leaf let letter light like listen little live look lot loud slide slow
early ruler salad toilet ugly old film milk wild bowl cool feel girl pool tail ll / l / hello all ball tall doll full bell fall smell tell small wall well will 35. s / s/ sad salad Saturday say sea see seed sell seven six sick sir sister sit smart smell smile smooth snake snow snowy so soap son sun soup Sunday sunny August beside desk ask east list first must past post taste bus mouse us ss /s/ class classroom glass miss Miss grass guess dress cross lesson c(i),c(e),c(y) /s/ cinema circle city ice December face juice mice nice office
piece place rice twice voice bicycle 36. f / f / face fall family fan farm fast fat feed feel film find fine first fold
food foot football for four fox full funny after afternoon often before gift left soft half knife leaf scarf
:
ff / f / off office coffee traffic
( 注:off
of
)
ph / f / photo photograph phone telephone
gh / f / rough/ r?f/ laugh / lɑ:f/
37. cl / kl / class clever cloud cloudy climb clock close clothes Clare circle
bicycle
38. pl /pl/ place plane plant plate play plus apple people purple
39. gl /gl/ glass glad glue Gladys gloves triangle rectangle
40. bl /bl/ blue black blow table
41. fl /fl/ flower fly floor flag
42. >
43. sl /sl/ slow slowly slide
44. sk /sk/ desk mask ask skate skateboard ski sky scarf sketchbook
Scarlet
45. sp /sp/ wasp crisps spin spinner spider spring sport speak
46. st /st/ toast post postman past last taste stop stand star stay stick
47. dr /dr/ dry dress draw dream drive driver drum

48. pr /pr/ princess prince pretty price present
49. cr /kr/ cream ice-cream cry crayon crow
50. tr /tr/ tree try train true trousers truck traffic travel triangle street
51. (
52. h /h/ he how hello hi horse house head hair hold
wh /h/ who whose
53. ts /ts/ cats hats puts gets rats rabbits kites sweets parents
54. s /s/ likes bikes thanks stamps maps cats hats rabbits kites sweets
55. ds /dz/ beds heads friends birds lizards seeds
56. s /z/ use music easy visit knives season close nose walls shoes
uncles bees frogs drivers chickens noodles beds friends seeds
hens
57. n /n/ nine nice fine then not nose ten hen
kn /n/ knife knee knockb
58. )
ng 59.
sing wing swing long young thing morning song wrong
n(k) think thank bank ink blank pink trunk monkey
n(g)
hungry English
60. s
usually usual
s(ure)
pleasure
s(ion) television vision
61. j
job jump jeep jam Jim Jack juice juicy judge Japan Japanese
g
orange age cage page giraffe sausage
,
dge
语法 1:
bridge fridge judge
反义词
1. big 大的-----small 小的
2. tall 高的----short 矮的
3. long 长的---short 短的
4. fat 胖的----thin 瘦的
5. new 新的----old 旧的
6. young 年轻的---old 老的
7. yes 是---no 不是
8. on 在…上---under 在…下
9. hard 硬的—soft 软的
10. rough 粗糙的---smooth 光滑的
11. open 打开---close 关闭
12. sit 坐---stand 站

13. white 白的---black 黑的 15. fast 快的---slow 慢的 17. hot 热的---cold 冷的 19. come 来--- go 去 21. come in 进来---go out 出去 23. clean 干净的---dirty 脏的
14. this 这---that 那 16. fast 快地---slowly 慢地 18. cool 凉爽的---warm 温暖的 20. in 在…里---out 在…外 22. good 好的---bad 坏的 24. up 向上---down 向下

25. here 这里---there 那里 27. wet 湿的---dry 干的
26. happy 开心的---sad 伤心的 28. put on 穿上---take off 脱下
.
29. thin 细的,薄的---thick 粗的,厚的 30. beautiful/nice---ugly 丑的
31. these 这些---those 那些
32. sweet 甜的---bitter 苦的/sour/salty
33. after 在…之后---before 在…之前 34. hungry 饿的---full 饱的
35 full 满的---empty 空的
36. afraid 害怕的---brave 勇敢的
37. funny 有趣的---boring 无聊的 38. bright 明亮的---dark 黑暗的
39. light 轻的--heavy 重的
40. behind 在…后面--in front of 在…前面
41. turn on 打开--turn off 关闭
42. turn up 调高--turn down 调低
43. easy 容易的—difficult 难的
44. busy 忙的---free 空闲的
^
45. right 右边---left 左边 47. ask 问---answer 回答
46. right 对的---wrong 错的 48. sharp 尖的,锋利的---blunt 钝的
49. strong 强壮的---weak 虚弱的
50. many 许多---few 很少(+可数)
51. much 许多---little 很少(+不可数) 52. first 首先---last 最后
53. buy 买---sell 卖 55. west 西方---east 东方
54. north 北方---south 南方 56.
语法 2:
人称代词
主格
(
宾格
所有格
(形容词性物主代词)
名词性 物主代词
反身代词
I
~

me

my 我的
mine 我的
myself 我自己

you 你,你们
you 你,你们
your 你的,你们的
yours 你的,你们的
"
yourself 你自己
he
him


his 他的

his 他的
himself 他自己
she
her



her 她的
hers 她的
herself 她自己
it
&

it


us
we
我们
its 它的
our 我们的
its 它的
ours 我们的
itself 它自己

ourselves

我们
我们自己
they 他们
them 他们
their 他们的
{
theirs 他们的
themselves 他们自己
用法:
1. 主格可用于句子的主语,也就是句子里说的是谁,通常在句子的开头。
2. 宾格用作句子的宾语,通常用在介词和行为动词的后面。
如:Look at me. Listen to him. (at, to 都是介词,后面用宾格)
&
Here’s a cake for you. (for 是介词) I like playing with her. (with 是介词) I like them. Let us sing together. (like, let 都是动词,后面也用宾格) Can you see them No, but I can hear them. (see, hear 是动词) Touch it. Smell them. (touch, smell 是动词) 3. 所有格也叫形容词性物主代词,用来形容某样东西是谁的,中文意思里都有个“的” 字,所以不能单独使用,后面一定要加上名词一样东西。 如: This is my dog. (my 后面加上了名词 dog)
Our teacher is happy today.

His face is round.
4. 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+名词,它起名词的作用,在句子中为避免重复
使用名词,有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形
式。在使用名词性物主代词时,必须有特定的语言环境,也就是要省略的名词大家
已经知道,在前面已经提起过。
如:My bag is yellow. Her bag is red. His bag is blue and your bag is pink.
可以这样说:My bag is yellow. Hers is red. His is blue and yours is pink.
语法 3:
动名词
动名词也叫现在分词,就是在行为动词后面+ing 的形式,加了 ing 后它的词性从
动词变成了名词,表示一件事情,它可以用在 like 或 go 的后面,表示喜欢做某件事或
去做某件事,也可以用在 be 动词后面构成现在进行时态,表示某人正在做某事。
要记住双写动名词有这些:
hop ---hopping
skip---skipping
stop---stopping
^
shop---shopping
clap---clapping

sit---sitting
cut---cutting
get---getting
put---putting
swim---swimming
run---running
spin---spinning
begin---beginning(开始)
例:I like eating hamburgers. (= I like to eat hamburgers.)
Kitty likes playing with her cat. (= Kitty likes to play with her cat.)
You can go skating in winter.
The children go swimming in summer.
[
语法 4:
可数名词的复数变化形式
已学的可数名词单数变复数的形式可以归纳为 8 种情况:
1. 直接+ s 如: apple---apples boy---boys
2. 词尾字母是 s, x, sh, ch 的名词要+es
如:dress---dresses box---boxes fish---fishes
peach---peaches
3. 词尾两个字母是辅音字母+y 的名词,要去 y 再+ies
如:baby---babies
butterfly---butterflies
library---libraries
family---families
&
4. 词尾字母是 f 或 fe 的名词,要去掉 f 或 fe 再+ves
如:leaf (叶子) ---leaves wolf (狼) ---wolves
knife(小刀) ---knives
5. 单词中的 oo 变为 ee,已学过的记住三个:
foot(脚) ---feet
tooth(牙齿) ---teeth
goose(鹅) ---geese
6. 把 a 改成 e: man---men
snowman---snowmen
postman---postmen
policeman---policemen
woman(女人) ---women
7. 特殊变化:mouse---mice child---children
8. 单复数同形 (单数和复数是一样的)
.
如:sheep---sheep
deer(小鹿) ---deer
people(人) ---people
Chinese(中国人) ---Chinese
Japanese(日本人) ---Japanese

fish---fish(此时鱼是可数的)
语法 5:
星期和月份的词汇
week 星期
day 天,日子 year 年 month 月 date 日期
星期:Sunday 星期日
Monday 星期一
Tuesday 星期二
Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四
Friday 星期五
Saturday 星期六
)
(记住:星期日是一个星期的第一天,而星期六是最后一天)
月份:January 一月
February 二月
March 三月
April 四月
May 五月
June 六月
July 七月
August 八月
September 九月
October 十月
November 十一月
December 十二月
语法 6:
基数词和序数词
基数词 one 1 two 2
three 3 four 4
five 5 six 6
seven 7 eight 8
nine 9 ten 10
序数词 first 第 1 second 第 2
third 第 3 fourth 第 4
fifth 第 5 sixth 第 6
seventh 第 7 eighth 第 8
ninth 第 9 tenth 第 10
[
基数词
序数词
nineteen 19
nineteenth 第 19

twentieth 第 20
twenty 20
twenty-one 21 twenty-first 第 21

twenty-second 第 22
twenty-two 22
twenty-three 23 twenty-third 第 23
*
twenty-fourth 第 24
twenty-four24
twenty-five25 twenty-fifth 第 25

twenty-sixth 第 26
twenty-six26
twenty-seven27 twenty-seventh 第 27
<



eleven 11 twelve 12
thirteen 13 fourteen 14
fifteen 15 sixteen 16
seventeen 17 eighteen 18
语法 7:
eleventh 第 11 thirty 30
thirtieth 第 30
twelfth 第 12 >
fortieth 第 40
forty 40
thirteenth 第 13 fifty 50
fiftieth 第 50
fourteenth 第 14 [
sixtieth 第 60
sixty 60
fifteenth 第 15 seventy 70
seventieth 第 70
sixteenth 第 16 )
eightieth 第 80
eighty 80
seventeenth 第 17 ninety 90
ninetieth 第 90
eighteenth 第 18 |
one hundredth 第 100
one hundred
100
基数词和序数词的用法
1. 基数词用来表示数量,如:one flower, two trees, three boys ….
2. 序数词用来表示顺序,中文意思为“第几”,通常前面要加 the。
3. 大多数序数词是由基数词+th 构成,但我们要记住几个特殊的变化形式,其它只要
加 th 就可以了。
4. 特殊变化的形式有:
first 第一
second 第二
third 第三
fifth 第五
{
eighth 第八 ninth 第九(nine 去 e 加 th) twelfth 第十二 (先把 twelve 的 ve 改成 f 再加 th) twentieth 第二十(先把 twenty 的 y 改成 ie 再加 th,所有的整十数都是这样改) twenty-first 第二十一 twenty-second 第二十二 twenty-third 第二十三 ( 21 以上的两位数的序数词,十位上的数不变,只要个位上的数变成相应的序数词就 可以了) 5. 序数词常用于日期表达中,日期可以有两种表达方式:

①月份+the+序数词 如:June the first(6/1), January the second(1/2) ②the+序数词+of+月份 如: the first of June, the second of January
·
6. 介词 in 和 on 在时间前都表示“在”,具体用法如下:
①在具体某一天用 on,
如:在星期天 on Sunday 在六月一日 on June the first 或 on the first of June
②在几月份用 in ,在什么年份也用 in,
如:在一月 in January
在二月 in February 在 1998 年 in 1998
7. 提问星期几用 What day is it 今天是星期几
提问日期(几月几号)用 What’s the date (date 日期)
语法 8
to be 句型
)
含有 be 动词的句子我们称之为 to be 句型,be 动词有三个,am, is, are, 意思都 表示“是”,用法记儿歌:我用 am,你用 are, is 用于他、她、它,我们、你们和他 们,表示复数都用 are。
am 是 is
are
I 第三人称单数(除了我和你,其他一个人或一样东西,)
I , you 和复数
改写句子:
1. I am a student. 否定句:I am not a student. 一般疑问句: Are you a student (提问时肯定句中的“我”要改成“你”)
!
肯定回答: Yes, I am. 否定回答: No, I’m not. (问“你”回答用“我”)
划线提问○1 : Who is a student (who 也是三单,be 动词要用 is) 划线提问○2 :What are you (你是干什么的=What do you do)

2. The student is in the classroom.
否定句:The student isn’t in the classroom.
一疑句:Is the student in the classroom
两答:Yes, he/ she is. No, he/ she isn’t.
划线提问:Where is the student
3. (
4. We are tired.
否定句:We aren’t tired.
一疑句:Are you tired (提问时要把“我们”变“你们”)
两答:Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. (问“你们”回答用“我们”)
划线提问:How are you (或 How do you feel)
语法 9:
含有 have/has 的句型
have/has 有多种含义,其中最常用的是表示“有”、“吃、喝”、“进行”等,根据不同 的意思,改变句型时也会有不同的改法。
1. 当句中的 have/has 表示“有”时,我们称之为 to have 句型,此时 have/has 后面无
论有没有 got 都可以把 have/has 看作是关键词,改写句子时只要在 have/has 上做文章
就可以了。

如:○1 The students have a new teacher.
否:The students haven’t a new teacher.
一疑:Have the students a new teacher 两答:Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.
划线提问:Who has a new teacher (who 是三单后面要用 has)
○2 My sister has got some books.
否:My sister hasn’t got any books.
一疑:Has your sister got any books 两答:Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
划线提问:What has your sister got
2. 当句中的 have/has 表示一个动作“吃、喝”“进行”“举行”“上课”等意思时,它
就是 to do 句型,此时 have/has 就是一个动词,不再是关键词,改写句子时就要借助
于助动词 do 或 does 来进行改写。

如:○1 We have a picnic in spring. 否:We don’t have a picnic in spring.
·
一疑:Do you have a picnic in spring 两答:Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
划线提问:What do you do in spring 你们在春天干什么(两个 do 的意思不一样)
○2 Mary has some bread.
否:Mary doesn’t have any bread.(注:has 变 have)
一疑:Does Mary have any bread 两答:Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
划线提问:What does Mary have Mary 吃了什么(does 出现 has 变原形 have)
注意点:当 have/has 后面有 got 时只能表示“有”,也只能用第 1 种方式进行改写
句子。当 have/has 后面没有 got 但也表示“有”时,用第 1、2 两种方式都可以改写句
子,而当 have/has 表示一个动作时,只能用第 2 种方式改写句子,大家要学会灵活运
用。
窍门:观察句子中有没有 got,有 got 的句子 have、has 只能解释为“有”它们就是
关键词,没有 got 就把句子当成 to do 句型用 do 或 does 来改。
语法 10:
can 句型

1. can 表示:能,会,可以,属于情态动词(can, may, must 都是情态动词 )。
2. 肯定句的句子结构:主语+can+行为动词原形
(主语是指这句话里主要讲谁或什么东西;行为动词是指一个动作)
如:I can draw a flower. ( I 是主语,draw 是行为动词原形)
The boys can play football. (The boys 是主语,play 是动词原形)
3. 否定句:主语+can’t+ 行为动词原形(can’t =can not)
如:I can draw a flower.
I can’t draw a flower.
4. 一般疑问句:Can + 主语 + 行为动词原形 +
-
(也就是把 can 提前到句子开头就可以了,最后别忘加上问号) 回答有两种: 肯定回答:Yes, 人称代词+ can.
否定回答:No, 人称代词+ can’t. (要牢记:can 来提问,can 来回答。)

如:The boys can play football.
Can the boys play football Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.
5. 特殊疑问句:当划线部分是动词时,要注意在提问时要用 do 来代替划线部分
出现在问句中。
如:I can sing a song.
What can you do
?
The boys can draw a dog.
What can the boys draw
The boys can draw a dog.
What can the boys do
The boys can draw a dog.
Who can draw a dog
My sister can ride a bicycle on the road.
语法 11:
Where can your sister ride a bicycle
there be 句型
there be 句型表示“在某处有某物”,跟 to have 句型的“某人有某物”是有区别
的,大家千万别把这两种句型的含义搞错。
**there be 的肯定句结构:There is/are +量词+名词+地点.

具体有两种情况: 1. there is 后面加可数名词单数或不可数名词。
如:There is an apple on the plate. There is some bread and some apples on the table.
(and 连接两样东西时,要用就近原则,也就是只要看 and 前面的东西,后面 有多少东西都不用管) 2. There are 后面加可数名词的复数形式。 如:There are three books on my desk.
There are ten chicks and a pig on the farm.
-
there be 句型的改写句子: 否定句:在 is 或 are 后面加 not,如遇 some 改成 any 一疑句:把 is 或 are 提前,如遇 some 也要改成 any 两答:Yes, there is/are. No, there is/are not. (必须用 there 来回答) 特殊疑问句只有两种: 1. 划线部分只是量词时,用 How much 或 How many 提问
结构:How much+不可数名词+is there +地点(表示:有多少量) How many +可数(复)+are there +地点(表示:有多少个)

!
如:There is some water in the bottle. (water 不可数用 How much 提问)
How much water is there in the bottle(多少水)
There is an orange bag on the chair. (可数的用 How many 提问)
How many orange bags are there on the chair(有多少个桔色的包)
(当提问可数名词的数量时,无论原句是单数还是复数,提问时都要改成复
数形式来提问,也就是 How many 后面一定要加可数名词的复数。)
2. 划线部分是量词和名词时,无论是可数还是不可数,单数还是复数,只用一种
结构提问:What’s +地点在某地方有什么
如:There is some water in the bottle.
What’s in the bottle
There is an orange bag on the chair.
What’s on the chair
There are ten lovely chicks under the tree. What’s under the tree
"
注意点:当问句是 What’s +地点这个结构时,答句一定要用 There be 句型
如:What’s in your hand
There is a pencil.
但如果问句是 What’s this in your hand
It’s a pencil. 问句结构主要是 What’s
this 不是 What’s +地点所以不能用 There be 句型回答。
语法 12:
祈使句
1. 含义:祈使句是指命令、要求、请求、建议或劝告某人做某事的句子。它的主语其
实是 you,但通常是省略掉的,只用行为动词的原形来开头,有时会配上 please 表示
客气、婉转的语气,please 可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾,放在句尾时前面有逗号(,)。
如:
Stand up, please. = Please stand up.
Do your homework, please. = Please do your homework. Be quiet, please. = Please be quiet. 请保持安静。(quiet 安静的)

(第三句中没有行为动词,只有形容词 quiet,所以这样的句子只能在形容词前配上 be 动词原形 be,才能构成祈使句)
Be careful! 小心点! Be happy! 开心点! 2. 祈使句的否定句:只要在行为动词原形前面加上 don’t 就可以了。
如:Please stand up. Please don’t stand up.

Do your homework, please. 请做你的回家作业。 Don’t do your homework, please. 请不要做你的回家作业。
Be quiet, please. Don’t be quiet, please. Please have an apple. Please don’t have an apple.
(
(此句中的 have 意思是“吃”)
注意点:please 的位置不能随便搬,原句里它在哪儿改好的句子里也在哪儿。
语法 13 :
to do 句型
To do 句型中没有 be 动词,没有 have/ has,也没有 can,它用于叙述一般性的情况和
某人的习惯、爱好等,句子结构只是由主语和行为动词组成,不同的主语,行为动词
会发生变化。
1. 当主语是第一、二人称以及复数人称时,句子结构: 肯定句:主语+行为动词原形+其它。I walk to school. 否定句:主语+don’t+行为动词原形+其它。I don’t walk to school. 一疑句:Do+主语+行为动词原形+其它 Do you walk to school
'
两答:Yes, 人称代词+do. / No, 人称代词+don’t. Yes, I do. /No, I don’t.
2. 当主语是第三人称单数时,句子结构:
肯定句:主语+行为动词的三单形式(+s 或 es)+其它。He walks to school.
否定句:主语+doesn’t+行为动词原形+其它。He doesn’t walk to school.
一疑句:Does+主语+行为动词原形+其它 Does he walk to school
两答:Yes, 人称代词+does. / No, 人称代词+doesn’t.
Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
(记住:do 来提问 do 来回答,does 来提问 does 来回答)
注:行为动词的三单形式就是在行为动词后面+s 或 es,要记住行为动词的三单形式
只在主语是三单的肯定句中出现,其它句子中都不会出现的,要注意观察句子的主语
是否是三单,另外句子类型是否是肯定句,才可以用行为动词的三单形式。
小窍门:只要在句中看到 does,就要把动词的三单形式“打回”原形!
(我们曾经学过的 like,want,need 等句型都属于 to do 句型)
语法 14
改写句子 1-----否定句

1. 先找句中是否有关键词:be 动词 am/is/are、have/has、或 can,如果有,只要在
这些词后面加上 not,句中有 some 改成 any,其它部分照抄就可以了,除了 am
和 not 不能进行缩写,其它关键词都可以和 not 进行缩写。
( is not=isn’t, are not=aren’t, have not=haven’t, has not=hasn’t, can not=can’t)
2. 如果句中没有这些关键词,就要判断它是否是 to do 句型,如果是 to do 句型,
就要用助动词 don’t 或 doesn’t 来改否定句,除了第三人称单数用 doesn’t, 其它
主语都用 don’t 来否定,但一定要注意句中只要出现了 doesn’t,后面的动词三单
形式一定要“打回”原形!
3. 如果句中没有关键词但也不是 to do 句型,而是祈使句,改否定句只要找到句中
的动词原形,在动词原形前面加上 don’t,其它部分按照原来的顺序照抄就可以
了,注意千万不要自作聪明改变原来句子的顺序!
如:I am a pupil.
I am not a pupil.
They are in the park.
They aren’t in the park.
The boy is sad.
The boy isn’t sad.
We have got some bread.
We haven’t got any bread.
That man has got many berries.
That man hasn’t got many berries.
Danny and Peter can swim very fast. Danny and Peter can’t swim very fast.
There is some milk in the bottle.
There isn’t any milk in the bottle.
There are ten apples on the plate.
There aren’t ten apples on the plate.
The children have a picnic in spring. (注意:have 后面没有 got,且意思不是
“有”)
The children don’t have a picnic in spring.
Our teacher makes a beautiful card for her son.
Our teacher doesn’t make a beautiful card for son.
Kitty has an apple in the morning. (此句中 has 后面也没有 got,意思为“吃”)
Kitty doesn’t have an apple in the morning.
Please do your homework, Ben.
Please don’t do your homework, Ben.
Have some noodles, please.
Don’t have any noodles, please.
语法 15
改写句子 2-----一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答
一、改一般疑问句的方法
1. 先找句中是否有关键词:be 动词 am/is/are、have/has、或 can,如果有,只要

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牛津上海版英语四年级上语法全)

英语笔记
(四、五年级)
目录
1. 音标……………………………………………………………………(P1-6) 2. 反义词…………………………………………………………………(P7) 3. 人称代词………………………………………………………………(P8) 4. 动名词…………………………………………………………………(P9) 5. 可数名词的复数变化形式……………………………………………(P10)
6. 《 7. 星期和月份的词汇……………………………………………………(P11) 8. 基数词和序数词的用法………………………………………………(P12) 9. to be 句型……………………………………………………………(P13) 10. 含有 have/has 的句型…………………………………………………(P14) 11. can 句型…………………………………………………………………(P15) 12. there be 句型……………………………………………………………(P16) 13. 祈使句……………………………………………………………………(P17) 14. to do 句型………………………………………………………………(P18)
15. 。 16. 改写句子 1-----否定句……………………………………………………(P19) 17. 改写句子 2-----一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答…………………………(P20) 18. 改写句子 3----特殊疑问句………………………………………………(P21)
19.
…………………………………………(P )
20.
…………………………………………(P )
21.
…………………………………………(P )
22.
…………………………………………(P )
23.
…………………………………………(P )
24. &
25.
…………………………………………(P )
26.
…………………………………………(P )
27.
…………………………………………(P )

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